CN1130498A - 计算机层析x射线摄影仪 - Google Patents

计算机层析x射线摄影仪 Download PDF

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CN1130498A
CN1130498A CN95116152A CN95116152A CN1130498A CN 1130498 A CN1130498 A CN 1130498A CN 95116152 A CN95116152 A CN 95116152A CN 95116152 A CN95116152 A CN 95116152A CN 1130498 A CN1130498 A CN 1130498A
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CN1146359C (zh
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阿卡迪尤茨·波拉欣
克里斯托弗·苏斯
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computerised tomographs
    • A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/027—Devices for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis characterised by the use of a particular data acquisition trajectory, e.g. helical or spiral
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/40—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4007—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a plurality of source units
    • A61B6/4014—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a plurality of source units arranged in multiple source-detector units
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/40—Imaging
    • G01N2223/419—Imaging computed tomograph
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
    • G01N2223/612—Specific applications or type of materials biological material

Abstract

本发明涉及一种螺旋扫描式计算机层析X射线摄影仪，其在X射线功率高和扫描时间短的情况下可明显地改善沿进给方向进行的扫描。存在多个X射线发生器(5、6、7)，其焦点对称地处在一个与测量场(1)同心的圆(17)上。探测器可由一个固定的探测器环(13)或多个共同旋转的探测器组成。每个探测器可由一行或多行构成。X射线发射器(5、6、7)连续旋转，与此同时，在这些X射线发射器(5、6、7)和病人检查台(3)之间完成一个沿检查台纵向的相对运动。

Description

计算机层析X射线摄影仪
整体的螺旋扫描技术在计算机层析X射线摄影中具有越来越重要的意义。在此方面业已公知的是，把一个X射线发射器和一个射线探测器组成的摄影单元设在一个扫描框上并使扫描框转动360°角以上，同时使上面躺有病人的检查台沿其纵向进行通过被扫描的测量场的移动(US 5 291 402)。
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于对检查目标进行螺旋扫描的计算机层析X射线摄影仪，使得在X射线功率高及摄影时间缩短的情况下，得到比现有技术好得多的螺旋扫描。
本发明的目的通过一种权利要求1所述特征的，用以对病人进行螺旋扫描的计算机层析X射线摄影仪来实现。该计算机层析X射线摄影仪具有多个X射线发射器，这些X射线发射器的焦点对称地位于一个与测量场同心的圆上并且这些X射线发射器可绕***轴线连续旋转，与此同时，在X射线发射器和病人检查台之间沿病人检查台纵向有一相对运动发生。
下面借助附图所示实施例对本发明作详细说明。附图所示为：
图1为本发明的计算机层析X射线摄影仪的主要构成部分，
图2为图1所示计算机层析X射线摄影仪的扫描曲线图，
图3和4为传统的螺旋扫描的断层轮廓和图2所示的扫描的断层轮廓。
在图1中示出了一个测量场1，一个病人2在该测量场中躺在一个病人检查台3上。为了形成X射线断层照片，病人围绕一个垂直于绘图平面伸展的轴线4被3个X射线发射器5、6、7扫描。为此，X射线发射器5、6、7互成120°对称地设在一个扫描框8上，该扫描框在一个电机9的驱动下连续转动。X射线发射器5、6、7发射出扇形X射线束10、11、12。这些X射线束穿透测量场1和病人2后撞击到一个固定的探测器环13上。探测器也可由多个在扫描框8上共同转动的探测器构成，其中，分别有一个探测器位于一个X射线发射器的对面。每个探测器由一排或多排探测器元件组成。探测器元件的输出信号以公知的方式输往一个计算机，该计算机从中计算出病人2的全部被透射区域的图象并在一个监视器上显示。在扫描框8连同X射线发射器5、6、7的旋转过程中，病人检查台3沿其纵向向前推进，穿过测量场，使病人2整体受到扫描。
图2示出了三条轨迹14、15、16。在病人检查台3固定并且扫描框8沿***轴线4的方向运动的条件下，X射线发射器5、6、7的焦点在这3条轨迹14、15、16上运动。这些焦点位于一个与探测器环13同心的圆17上。
在实施例中描述了一个具有固定的探测器环13和多个，即三个设在回转部分上的X射线发射器5、6、7的螺旋扫描式计算机层析X射线摄影仪。与现有技术相比，该螺旋扫描式计算机层析X射线摄影仪具有如下优点：
1)用多个，最好是三个X射线发射器进行的螺旋扫描提供了高度的适应性。当每转360°检查台进给一个断层厚度(螺距＝1)时，得到沿进给方向的好3倍的扫描并从而避免了螺旋赝象(Spiralart-efakte)。计算的截面图象(Schnittbilder)的断层轮廓和量子可以回溯地在一较宽范围内变化。在最适宜的情况下，断层轮廓几乎全等于一个单个断层的断层轮廓(在图4中用虚线表示的)。与此相反，图3示出了在仅用一个X射线发射器时测出的断层轮廓与一单个断层的断层轮廓两者间的巨大偏差。量子数较多的断层具有一个相应较宽的、但接近梯形的轮廓并且显示出的部分体积赝象比一个宽度相同的单个断层所显示的要少。沿进给方向的更精确的扫描大大改善了螺旋内插并保证了图象噪扰和空间分辨率在象平面上的均匀分布。通过应用多个平行的探测器组，扫描可得到进一步改善。沿进给方向对检查目标进行精确的扫描还使测量的原始数据得以扩展并能比机械式准直更好地得到一个胶片感光度轮廓。由此得到一个沿三维方向几乎均匀的分辨率分布。
2)X射线功率等于传统仪器的多倍(如在应用三个X射线发射器时为三倍)并与一个电子束发射机(EBT)的或一个具有多行探测器的传统机器的有效X射线功率(可利用的象量子)相当。
3)一个图象的有效测量时间只等于目前的摄影时间的几分之一，如0.5秒的三分之一，即360°数据采集只需要0.17秒，部分扫描的时间小于100毫秒。这些有效测量时间完全可与EBT相比并明显优于所有的传统仪器。同时，在不增加测量数据量的情况下，扫描时间可任意延长并可与每个图象的必要剂量相适应。
在需要时(大体积的，如肺的薄断层摄影)可提高螺距，在螺距＝3时，可用三分之一的时间或对三倍大的体积实现目前的螺旋扫描式计算机层析X射线摄影仪所完成的扫描和图象质量。
平面的摄影几何避免了扇形束赝象和相应高的附加计算量。在应用多个探测器组的仪器的情况下，可把扇形角选得很小。为螺旋CT而建议的计算机层析X射线摄影仪的图象质量不仅优于EBT机，而且优于传统的、具有多行探测器的仪器。计算机层析X射线摄影仪的一个固定的探测器环可同时多重，如三重使用；附加的设备投资费用则限在两个具有发生器的X射线发射器上。

Claims (5)

1、用以对病人(2)进行螺旋扫描的计算机层析X射线摄影仪，其特征在于，具有多个X射线发射器(5、6、7)，这些X射线发射器的焦点对称地位于一个与测量场(1)同心的圆(17)上并且这些X射线发射器可绕***轴线(4)连续旋转，与此同时，在X射线发射器(5、6、7)和病人检查台(3)之间沿病人检查台的纵向有一相对运动发生。
2、根据权利要求1所述的计算机层析X射线摄影仪，其特征在于，具有一个围绕测量场(1)的、固定的探测器环(13)。
3、根据权利要求1所述的计算机层析X射线摄影仪，其特征在于，具有多个围绕测量场(1)的，共同旋转的探测器。
4、根据权利要求2所述的计算机层析X射线摄影仪，其特征在于，固定的探测器环(13)由多行组成。
5、根据权利要求3所述的计算机层析X射线摄影仪，其特征在于，共同旋转的探测器分别由多行组成。
CNB951161520A 1994-10-13 1995-10-10 计算机层析x射线摄影仪 Expired - Fee Related CN1146359C (zh)

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