CN113049773B - Centrifugal model test device for simulating ground collapse induced by damaged non-pressure pipeline - Google Patents
Centrifugal model test device for simulating ground collapse induced by damaged non-pressure pipeline Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a centrifugal model test device for simulating a damaged non-pressure pipeline to induce ground collapse, which comprises a base, a lower water storage tank, an upper model box, a water pump, a servo control system, a turbidity meter and a high-speed camera, wherein the lower water storage tank and the upper model box are arranged on the base; the model box comprises two permeable plates, a damaged pipeline, a transparent window, a pore pressure sensor for measuring the water level, a pore pressure sensor for monitoring the pore water pressure in the foundation soil and a laser displacement sensor; the water storage tank is in a convex shape and comprises a water permeable plate, a muddy water collecting funnel and a flowmeter; the invention utilizes the scaling and time-lapse response of the geotechnical model under the Ng hypergravity field by using the centrifuge test technology, and can reproduce the process of ground collapse generation and evolution induced by the damaged non-pressure pipeline under the action of the real stress level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of civil engineering, and particularly relates to a centrifugal model test device for simulating a damaged non-pressure pipeline to induce ground collapse.
Background
Pressureless pipelines such as urban rain sewage drainage pipelines and the like are important infrastructures for ensuring normal operation of modern cities. The damage to the pipe wall and the interface of the non-pressure pipeline is common due to the service time, the construction quality and the like. In high-groundwater-level areas, damaged pipelines cause the change of groundwater seepage boundaries, and peripheral soil forms concentrated seepage erosion, so that the unstable collapse of the foundation is finally caused. The disasters are often characterized by concealment, outburst and the like, are frequently generated in urban areas with dense population, are very easy to cause personnel and property loss, are poor in predictability and large in destructiveness of ground collapse disasters caused by urban non-pressure pipeline damage, and are increasingly increased in damage rate along with aging of pipelines. The ground collapse disaster under the condition of non-pressure pipeline damage is triggered by an internal mechanism of mechanical property evolution caused by soil body internal erosion, and is greatly different from a traditional foundation instability mechanism. At present, due to the lack of insight into this mechanism, the management of ground collapse disasters induced by damaged pipelines is still in a passive emergency situation.
In the field of civil engineering, physical simulation tests are important means for finding out rules and revealing mechanisms. By utilizing the centrifugal machine test technology, under the Ng hypergravity field, the scaling and the compressive stress of the geotechnical model can reproduce the process of ground collapse induced by the damaged non-pressure pipelines of the city under the action of the real stress level, and reveal the pore water pressure and the ground deformation evolution law in the process of ground collapse. At present, a centrifugal model test device for simulating the damaged non-pressure pipeline to induce the ground collapse by using a centrifugal machine test is not available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a centrifugal model test device capable of reproducing the process of ground collapse induced by urban damaged non-pressure pipelines under the action of a real stress level.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a centrifugal model test device for simulating the ground collapse induced by a damaged non-pressure pipeline comprises a base, a lower water storage tank, an upper model box, a water pump, a servo control system, a turbidity meter and a high-speed camera, wherein the lower water storage tank and the upper model box are arranged on the base; the base is arranged on a centrifuge basket;
the model box comprises two permeable plates, a simulation damaged pipeline, a transparent window, a pore pressure sensor for measuring the water level, a pore pressure sensor for monitoring the pore water pressure in the foundation soil and a laser displacement sensor; adding a soil body between the two permeable plates of the model box, installing a simulated damaged pipeline through the reserved hole of the transparent window and the reserved pipeline mounting hole of the model box when a soil body sample is filled to a certain height, and sealing a gap between the pipeline and the transparent window by using a sealing ring; two sections of thin seams which adopt hinges, welded iron sheets and electromagnet control switches are arranged on the side face of the pipeline and are used for simulating the normal service working condition, the joint damage working condition and the strip-shaped damage working condition of the pipeline;
the water storage tank is in a convex shape and comprises a water permeable plate, a muddy water collecting funnel and a flowmeter; the muddy water collecting funnel collects muddy water discharged by the damaged pipeline and guides the muddy water into the protruding part of the water storage tank; the flow meter is positioned below the muddy water collecting funnel and used for measuring the flow of the collected muddy water; the muddy water discharged into the convex part of the water storage tank returns to the center of the lower water storage tank after soil particles are filtered by the permeable plate;
the water inlet pipe of the water pump is connected with the water pump and the lower water storage tank, and the water outlet pipe of the water pump is connected with the water pump and the water supply side of the upper model box; the servo control system is connected with the water pump and a pore pressure sensor for measuring water level;
a water inlet pipeline of the turbidimeter samples in a pipeline below the flowmeter, a water outlet pipeline extends to a convex part of the water storage tank, and muddy water is discharged back to the water storage tank;
the model box utilizes the scale and time-shrinking effect of the geotechnical model under the Ng hypergravity field by using the centrifuge test technology to reproduce the process of ground collapse induced by the damaged non-pressure pipeline under the action of the real stress level.
The technical scheme can be further improved by the following technical measures:
further, the base and the box body installed on the base are made of steel structures in a welded mode, and the deformation and strength of the model box can be guaranteed to meet the requirements of Ng gravity acceleration and bearing of an experimental model.
Furthermore, two water permeable plates of the model box are respectively arranged at two sides in the model box and used for eliminating the scouring effect caused by water inflow and simultaneously enabling the soil body to be symmetrical in the model box.
Further, the side of the damaged pipeline of simulation is equipped with two sections of slots: short and long sipes; the axis of the hinge is arranged on one side of the slit, the welding iron sheet is welded on the other side of the slit, and the electromagnet is fixed on the inner side of the pipeline corresponding to the welding iron sheet;
when the normal service working condition is simulated, the electromagnets at the two sections of the thin seams attract the welding iron sheet through magnetic force in the process of rotating the centrifugal machine, so that the two sections of the thin seams are not opened;
when the damage working condition of the interface is simulated, the electromagnet power supply at the short slit is disconnected, the short slit is opened, and the simulation of the damage of the interface is realized;
when the working condition of the long-strip damage is simulated, the electromagnet power supplies at the short slit and the long slit are disconnected, and the short slit and the long slit are opened, so that the simulation of the long-strip damage is realized.
Furthermore, the transparent window is made of organic glass with the light transmittance of more than or equal to 85 percent, can resist the lateral pressure of a soil body under the supergravity and meets the requirement of definition; the transparent window is arranged on one side of the upper model box and used for monitoring the erosion and instability process of the model by the high-speed camera.
Furthermore, the muddy water collecting funnel is positioned right below the simulated damaged pipeline and right above the central position of the lower water storage tank protruding out of the box body and is used for collecting muddy water generated under the damaged working condition.
Furthermore, the laser displacement sensor is installed on a laser displacement sensor fixing rod, and the fixing rod is installed at the top of the model box and used for monitoring the deformation of the surface of the foundation soil in real time.
Furthermore, the servo control system receives water level information acquired by a pore pressure sensor for measuring the water level, and controls the water pump to pump water and absorb water at a certain speed according to the water level information, so that the water level of the upper model box reaches the requirement within a certain time.
Further, the water pump can work normally under the hypergravity of Ng.
Furthermore, a plurality of screw holes are reserved on the base and are respectively used for fixing the water pump, the servo control system, the turbidity meter and the high-speed camera and fixing the test device on a centrifuge hanging basket.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. realize test device self-loopa water supply through water pump, storage water tank, porous disk and servo control system to can adjust the water level height in real time.
2. The transparent window is arranged and the image velocimetry (PIV) technology is combined to monitor the model test under the damage condition of the pipe wall, so that the deformation of the foundation soil can be quantitatively analyzed.
3. The embedded pore pressure sensor realizes dynamic measurement of the evolution of the pore water pressure in the foundation soil. The laser displacement sensor is utilized to monitor the deformation of the surface of the foundation soil.
4. The damaged pipeline side of simulation is equipped with two sections and adopts hinge, welding iron sheet and electromagnet control switch's slit, can nimble remote control simulation pipeline normal service operating mode, kneck damage operating mode and rectangular shape damage operating mode.
5. The turbidity meter and the flow meter are arranged to obtain the erosion rate and the erosion amount of the soil fine particles in real time.
6. Based on a centrifuge model test, the device can restore the erosion and instability process of the interior of the foundation soil in a real stress state, and provides basis and support for revealing pore water pressure and ground collapse evolution rules in the instability process of the foundation and establishing a triggering analysis method for the instability of the foundation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a testing apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a test apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention without a damaged pipe simulated;
FIG. 4 is a rear view of a simulated damaged pipe;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a pipe simulating damage;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 of FIG. 4;
in the figure: 1. the device comprises a base, a water storage tank at the lower part, a water permeable plate at the upper part model box, a simulation damaged pipeline, a transparent window sealing ring, a laser displacement sensor fixing rod and a water inlet pipe, wherein the base 2 comprises a water storage tank at the lower part, a water permeable plate 3 at the upper part model box, a water permeable plate 4 at the upper part model box, a water permeable plate 5 at the upper part model box, a simulation damaged pipeline 6, a transparent window sealing ring 7, and a laser displacement sensor fixing rod 8; 9. laser displacement sensor, 10, the pore pressure sensor of measurement water level, 11, the pore pressure sensor in the foundation soil, 12, lower part storage water tank bulge, 13, lower part storage water tank porous disc, 14, muddy water collection funnel, 15, the flowmeter, 16, servo control system, 17, the water pump, 18, the water pump outlet pipe, 19, the turbidimeter dead lever, 20, the turbidimeter, 21, base fixing screw, 22, the bolt, 23, the high-speed camera dead lever, 24, the high-speed camera, 25, the turbidimeter inlet channel, 26, the turbidimeter outlet conduit, 27, the water pump inlet tube, 28, transparent window reservation hole, 29, upper portion model case reservation pipeline mounting hole, 30, the electro-magnet, 31, the welding iron sheet, 32, pipeline slit, 33, pipeline slit, 34, the hinge.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
By utilizing the centrifugal machine test technology, under the Ng hypergravity field, the scaling and the compressive stress of the geotechnical model can reproduce the process of ground collapse induced by the damaged non-pressure pipelines of the city under the action of the real stress level, and reveal the pore water pressure and the ground deformation evolution law in the process of ground collapse. At present, a centrifugal model test device for simulating the damaged non-pressure pipeline to induce the ground collapse by using a centrifugal machine test is not available. The present embodiments are well suited to attain the ends and advantages mentioned above, as well as those that will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the centrifugal model test apparatus for simulating the ground collapse induced by the damaged non-pressure pipeline provided by the embodiment comprises a base 1, a lower water storage tank 2 and an upper model tank 3 which are installed on the base, a water pump 17, a servo control system 16, a high-speed camera 24, a flowmeter 15, a turbidity meter 20, a laser displacement sensor 9, a pore pressure sensor 10 for measuring the water level, a pore pressure sensor 11 for monitoring the pore water pressure inside the foundation soil, and a damaged pipeline 5. The base 1 and the box body installed on the base are made of steel structures in a welded mode, and the deformation and strength of the model box can meet the Ng gravity acceleration and the requirements of bearing an experimental model. The test device of this example is mounted on the centrifuge basket through the screw hole 21 by the bolt on the base 1, and the high speed camera 24 is mounted on the base 1 by the high speed camera fixing rod 23. The water pump 17 can normally operate under the hypergravity of Ng. The water pump 17 and the servo control system 16 are fixed on the base 1 through bolts 22, a water inlet pipe 27 of the water pump is connected with the water pump 17 and the right side of the lower water storage tank 2, and a water outlet pipe 18 of the water pump is connected with the water pump 17 and the right side of the upper model box 3. The turbidimeter 20 is fixed on the base 1 through a turbidimeter fixing rod 19 and is positioned at the left side of the lower water storage tank 2. A water inlet pipeline 25 of the turbidity meter 20 samples in a pipeline below the flowmeter 15 to realize the turbidity measurement of the muddy water; the outlet pipe 26 of the turbidimeter 20 extends to the protruding part 12 of the lower water storage tank 1 and discharges the muddy water back to the lower water storage tank 2.
The lower storage tank 2, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, includes a water permeable plate 13, a muddy water collecting hopper 14 and a flow meter 15. The lower storage tank 2 adds water through the protruding portion 12. The muddy water collecting funnel 14 collects muddy water discharged from the pipe 5 simulating damage in the upper mold box 3 and guides the muddy water into the projecting portion 12 of the lower storage tank. The flow meter 15 is located below the muddy water collecting funnel 14, and measures the flow rate of the collected muddy water. The muddy water discharged into the projecting portion 12 of the lower storage tank is filtered by the permeable plate 13 and then returns to the center of the lower storage tank 2.
The upper model box 3 is shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, and comprises two permeable plates 4, a simulated damaged pipeline 5, a transparent window 6, a pore pressure sensor 10 for measuring water level, a pore pressure sensor 11 for monitoring the pore water pressure in the foundation soil, a laser displacement sensor fixing rod 8 and a laser displacement sensor 9. The position is added for the soil body between two water permeable plates 4 of model box, set up two water permeable plates and reduced the scouring action to the soil body when upper portion model box was intake, make the soil body symmetry in the model box simultaneously, in this embodiment, water pump outlet pipe 18 connects water pump 17 and upper portion model box right side, when the speed requirement of water level rising is higher, can add the inlet tube in upper portion model box left side simultaneously, intake simultaneously at the space bottom that two water permeable plates formed with model box lateral wall respectively promptly. When the soil sample of the upper model box is filled to a certain height, the damaged pipeline 5 is installed and fixedly simulated through the transparent window reserved hole 28 and the upper model box reserved pipeline installation hole 29, the direction of the thin seam of the pipeline 5 is between the horizontal plane and the vertical plane, and the specific direction depends on requirements. After the pipeline 5 is installed, a gap between the pipeline 5 and the transparent window 6 is sealed by the transparent window sealing ring 7, so that the soil sample and water are prevented from leaking. Then filling the soil sample and arranging a pore pressure sensor 11 at a certain position above the pipeline 5 according to the requirement for monitoring the evolution of the internal pore water pressure of the foundation soil in real time.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, two lengths of slits, i.e., a short slit 32 and a long slit 33, are provided in the side surface of the pipe 5. As shown in fig. 4 and 6, the hinge 34 has its axis on one side of the slit, the welding iron piece 31 is welded to the other side of the slit, and the electromagnet 30 is fixed to the inside of the duct 5 corresponding to the welding iron piece 31. When the normal service working condition is simulated, the electromagnets 30 at the two sections of the thin seams attract the welding iron sheets 31 through magnetic force in the process of rotating the centrifugal machine, so that the two sections of the thin seams are not opened; when the damage working condition of the interface is simulated, the power supply of the electromagnet 30 at the short and thin seam 32 is disconnected, the welding iron sheet 31 at the short and thin seam 32 is separated from the electromagnet 30 under the action of centrifugal force, upper soil pressure and the like, the short and thin seam 32 is opened, and the damage of the interface is simulated; when the working condition of the long-strip damage is simulated, the power supplies of the electromagnets 30 at the short slit 32 and the long slit 33 are disconnected, and the short slit 32 and the long slit 33 are opened, so that the simulation of the long-strip damage is realized.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser displacement sensor 9 is installed on a laser displacement sensor fixing rod 8, and the fixing rod 8 is installed on the upper portion of the upper mold box 3 through a screw hole. The laser displacement sensor 9 is arranged to realize real-time monitoring of the deformation of the surface of the foundation soil. The water level of the upper model box 3 is measured by the pore pressure sensor 10, and the water level information is fed back to the servo control system 16, so that the water pump 17 is controlled to pump water and absorb water at a certain speed, and the water level of the upper model box 3 meets the requirement in a certain time. The transparent window 6 is made of organic glass with the light transmittance of more than or equal to 85 percent, can resist the lateral pressure of a soil body under the supergravity and meets the requirement of definition. Specifically, the transparent window 6 is arranged on one side of the upper model box 3 and used for monitoring the erosion and instability process of the model by the high-speed camera 24, and the height of the high-speed camera fixing rod 23 is selected according to the shooting requirement.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A centrifugal model test device for simulating a damaged non-pressure pipeline to induce ground collapse is characterized in that: the device comprises a base, a lower water storage tank, an upper model box, a water pump, a servo control system, a turbidity meter and a high-speed camera, wherein the lower water storage tank and the upper model box are arranged on the base; the base is arranged on a centrifuge basket;
the model box comprises two permeable plates, a simulation damaged pipeline, a transparent window, a pore pressure sensor for measuring the water level, a pore pressure sensor for monitoring the pore water pressure in the foundation soil and a laser displacement sensor; adding a soil body between the two permeable plates of the model box, installing a simulated damaged pipeline through the reserved hole of the transparent window and the reserved pipeline mounting hole of the model box when a soil body sample is filled to a certain height, and sealing a gap between the pipeline and the transparent window by using a sealing ring; two sections of thin seams which adopt hinges, welded iron sheets and electromagnet control switches are arranged on the side face of the pipeline and are used for simulating the normal service working condition, the joint damage working condition and the strip-shaped damage working condition of the pipeline; the side of the damaged pipeline of simulation is equipped with two sections slit: short and long sipes; the axis of the hinge is arranged on one side of the slit, the welding iron sheet is welded on the other side of the slit, and the electromagnet is fixed on the inner side of the pipeline corresponding to the welding iron sheet;
when the normal service working condition is simulated, the electromagnets at the two sections of the thin seams attract the welding iron sheet through magnetic force in the process of rotating the centrifugal machine, so that the two sections of the thin seams are not opened;
when the damage working condition of the interface is simulated, the electromagnet power supply at the short slit is disconnected, the short slit is opened, and the simulation of the damage of the interface is realized;
when the working condition of the long-strip damage is simulated, the electromagnet power supplies at the short and long seams are disconnected, and the short and long seams are opened, so that the simulation of the long-strip damage is realized;
the water storage tank is in a convex shape and comprises a water permeable plate, a muddy water collecting funnel and a flowmeter; the muddy water collecting funnel collects muddy water discharged by the damaged pipeline and guides the muddy water into the protruding part of the water storage tank; the flow meter is positioned below the muddy water collecting funnel and used for measuring the flow of the collected muddy water; the muddy water discharged into the convex part of the water storage tank returns to the center of the lower water storage tank after soil particles are filtered by the permeable plate;
the water inlet pipe of the water pump is connected with the water pump and the lower water storage tank, and the water outlet pipe of the water pump is connected with the water pump and the water supply side of the upper model box; the servo control system is connected with the water pump and a pore pressure sensor for measuring water level;
a water inlet pipeline of the turbidimeter samples in a pipeline below the flowmeter, a water outlet pipeline extends to a convex part of the water storage tank, and muddy water is discharged back to the water storage tank;
the model box reproduces the process of ground collapse induced by a damaged non-pressure pipeline under the action of a real stress level by utilizing the Ng supergravity field scale and time-shrinking effect of a centrifugal machine test.
2. The test device according to claim 1, wherein the base and the box body mounted on the base are welded by adopting a steel structure, so that the deformation and strength of the model box can be ensured to adapt to the Ng gravity acceleration and the requirement of bearing an experimental model.
3. The test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein two permeable plates of the model box are respectively installed at two sides of the interior of the model box for eliminating scouring action caused by water inflow and simultaneously making the soil body symmetrical in the model box.
4. The testing device of claim 1, wherein the transparent window is made of organic glass with light transmittance of more than or equal to 85%, can resist the lateral pressure of the soil body under the supergravity and meets the requirement of definition; the transparent window is arranged on one side of the upper model box and used for monitoring the erosion and instability process of the model by the high-speed camera.
5. The testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the muddy water collecting funnel is located right below the simulated damaged pipeline and right above the central position of the lower water storage tank protruding out of the tank body, and is used for collecting muddy water generated in the damaged working condition.
6. The testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the laser displacement sensor is mounted on a laser displacement sensor mounting bar mounted on top of the model box for real-time monitoring of the deformation of the surface of the foundation soil.
7. The testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the servo control system receives water level information collected by a pore pressure sensor for measuring water level, and controls the water pump to pump water and suck water at a speed according to the water level information, so that the water level of the upper model box reaches a requirement within a certain time.
8. The test device of claim 1, wherein the water pump is capable of operating normally under the hypergravity of Ng.
9. The testing device of claim 1, wherein the base has a plurality of screw holes for securing a water pump, a servo control system, a turbidity meter, a high speed camera, and a centrifuge basket, respectively.
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