CN113049569A - Preparation method and application of chip for rapid drug detection - Google Patents

Preparation method and application of chip for rapid drug detection Download PDF

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CN113049569A
CN113049569A CN202110304766.9A CN202110304766A CN113049569A CN 113049569 A CN113049569 A CN 113049569A CN 202110304766 A CN202110304766 A CN 202110304766A CN 113049569 A CN113049569 A CN 113049569A
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chip
gold
detection
modifier
gold nanoparticles
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CN113049569B (en
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李剑锋
杨振威
杨晶亮
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Xiamen Sinas Technology Co ltd
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/65—Raman scattering
    • G01N21/658—Raman scattering enhancement Raman, e.g. surface plasmons

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Abstract

A chip preparation method for rapid drug detection and application thereof comprise the following steps: 1) evaporating a gold film on the plane of the substrate, and cutting the gold film into gold sheets for later use; 2) preparing a shell layer with pinholes to isolate the gold nanoparticles; 3) soaking the shell isolated gold nanoparticles with pinholes prepared in the step 2) in a plurality of electrically different modifiers, namely a positively charged modifier A, a negatively charged modifier B and an electrically neutral modifier C; 4) and 4) carrying out centrifugal concentration on the gold nanoparticles isolated by the modified shell layer of the molecules in the step 3), mixing according to a certain proportion, dripping the mixture on the surface of a gold sheet, and drying to obtain the SERS chip. Compared with the traditional SERS detection method, the method has higher detection sensitivity and portability, can realize the rapid detection of various drugs due to the existence of a plurality of molecules on the same chip, and has better universality. Meanwhile, the method is also well suitable for rapidly screening and detecting drug residues in various complex environments.

Description

Preparation method and application of chip for rapid drug detection
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of drug detection, in particular to a preparation method and application of a chip for rapid drug detection.
Background
Drugs, a psychotropic drug to which people are addicted, can cause long-term dependence on it. Finally, the patient dies because various indexes such as body functions are damaged. Driven by violence, lawless persons in the world can artificially synthesize various drugs such as pangolin, syphilis, fentanyl and the like in large quantities, so that the situation of drug abuse in the international range is more severe, particularly, the economy of China is rapidly developed in recent years, the commodity circulation is more frequent, and the drugs often enter the drug trading market through various channels. Because the problems of concealment, less residual quantity and the like in the transaction and use processes, certain obstruction is brought to effectively fighting against drug crimes. Therefore, how to realize the rapid and effective detection of trace drugs becomes a problem to be solved urgently, which has very important significance for fighting against drug crimes, carrying out drug abstinence and drug rehabilitation.
At present, the detection methods commonly used in the market are often limited in the following aspects: firstly, the equipment is expensive and inconvenient to carry, so that rapid detection of drugs cannot be realized on a first site; and secondly, the detection limit is low, only a large amount of drugs can be detected, and high-sensitivity rapid detection cannot be realized under the condition that the first site is damaged. Therefore, considering the sensitivity and practicability of detection, it is important to research a more convenient and faster rapid detection method. The surface enhanced Raman spectrum is a molecular spectrum technology with a fingerprint identification function, can realize the nondestructive qualitative and quantitative detection of a sample in a millisecond range, and can realize the million-fold enhancement of Raman signals on molecules adsorbed on the surfaces of gold or silver nanoparticles, thereby realizing the trace detection of substances (even reaching the single molecule level). In addition, the portable Raman spectrometer has the characteristics of convenience in carrying, simplicity in operation, field real-time detection and the like, and a test sample does not need special pretreatment and sample preparation work, but is difficult to be applied to actual life due to sensitivity.
With the continuous maturation and development of the technology for preparing the high-performance, uniform and stable Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) nano substrate, the portable Raman spectrometer is bound to be combined with the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy technology to realize rapid on-site trace detection. However, it is difficult to obtain a high-performance SERS nano substrate with stable reproducibility so far, which is mainly caused by that when a purely synthesized nanoparticle is prepared into a solid chip, particles are easily in direct contact with each other, so that molecules cannot be adsorbed in a hot spot region of the particle, thereby greatly losing signal intensity, and meanwhile, due to the nonuniformity of the size and morphology of the synthesized particle, the hot spot is unevenly distributed, thereby affecting the repeatability and stability of signals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a chip preparation method for rapid drug detection and application thereof, which can realize rapid detection of single drug or multiple drug mixture residues in a complex environment in a low-cost, convenient and rapid manner.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a chip preparation method for rapid drug detection comprises the following steps:
1) evaporating a gold film on the plane of the substrate, and cutting the gold film into regular gold sheets for later use by using a grinding wheel cutting machine; the gold substrate can greatly enhance Raman signals and increase the detection limit of the chip; the substrate comprises glass, quartz, silicon wafers, metal, wood, paper and the like;
2) preparing a shell layer with pinholes for isolating the gold nanoparticles, wherein the pinholes can adsorb modified molecules;
3) soaking the shell isolated gold nanoparticles with pinholes prepared in the step 2) in a plurality of electrically different modifiers, namely a positively charged modifier A, a negatively charged modifier B and an electrically neutral modifier C; thus, the nano particles can adsorb molecules with electronegativity, electropositivity and electroneutrality in the detection process
4) And (3) after centrifugal concentration of the gold nanoparticles, the shell layers modified with the molecules in the step 3) are isolated, the gold nanoparticles are mixed and dripped on the surface of the gold sheet according to a certain proportion, and the SERS chip is obtained.
In the step 2), the shell layer with the pinholes isolates the gold nanoparticles, inorganic substances, organic macromolecules and framework molecules are used as the shell layer, and the gold nanoparticles are used as the inner core.
In the step 2), the shell layer isolated gold nanoparticles with the pin holes comprise Au @ CdS and Au @ SiO2、Au@TiO2、Au@MOF、Au@Al2O3And one or more of Au @ ZnO.
In the step 3), the positively charged modifier A comprises one or more of cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyltrimethyl ammonium iodide, polyallylamine hydrochloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraoctylammonium bromide, polyethylene glycol, polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyacrylamide and triethanolamine.
In the step 3), the modifier B with negative electricity comprises one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium citrate, tannic acid, potassium iodide, sodium bromide, sodium isooctyl succinate sulfonate, sodium phosphite, gluconic acid and DNA.
In the step 3), the electrically neutral modifier C comprises one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, trioctylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, trihydroxymethylphosphorus, alkanes, polyacrylonitrile and ethylene glycol.
In the step 4), the volume ratio of the positive charged nanoparticles to the negative charged nanoparticles to the electrically neutral nanoparticles is (1-3) to (1-3).
The chip for rapidly detecting the drugs is applied to the steps of taking soaked cotton swabs, tissues, cloth and the like which can absorb and soak moisture absorption materials soaked with liquid to wipe the surfaces of various objects to be detected, dripping liquid drops on the SERS chip, and then detecting residual drugs by using a Raman spectrometer.
In the invention, the wiped object surface comprises any object surface such as various packages, table tops, vessels, fingers, coins, cutters and the like; the liquid for wetting the wipe comprises at least one of water, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile.
The residual drug to be tested comprises fentanyl, amphetamines, ***e, morphine, papaverine hydrochloride, barbiturates, cannabinoids, diphenoxylate, tetracaine, diazepam, norhydroxyazone, sulbactam, chlordiazepoxide, alprazolor, triazoler, tetrahydrocannabinol, noscapine, caffeine, ketamine hydrochloride, dolantin, methadone, clozapine, lorazepam or fenfluramine.
The raman spectrometer used may be, without limitation, a hand-held spectrometer, a portable raman spectrometer, a bench-top raman spectrometer, or the like.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the gold nanoparticles with uniform size are synthesized for matching the excitation wavelength of a common portable Raman spectrometer on the market, and the synthesized multiple molecular modified nanoparticles can perform specific identification detection on multiple mixtures, so that the detection sensitivity can be remarkably improved, and the repeatability and stability of signals can be ensured.
2. The method for rapidly detecting the drug residues by using the synthesized multiple molecular modified nanoparticles is rapid, simple and convenient to operate, and can be synthesized in batch.
3. The shell isolated gold nanoparticles with pinholes synthesized by the method can modify molecules with different properties on the surfaces of the gold nanoparticles, and the hot points are maintained unchanged due to the isolation of the shell, so that the gold nanoparticles have stronger reinforcing capability than naked particle size. The nano particles with different electric properties are isolated by the shell layer, so that the nano particles cannot interfere with each other, and the purpose of testing drug molecules with different electronegativities by the same chip can be realized.
4. The detection process of the invention is very simple and rapid, can be completed only by about 10s, and the commonly used reagent can be obtained in the actual environment, thus being beneficial to the actual application on site.
5. The combination of the handheld Raman spectrum and the chip adopted by the invention can be suitable for the rapid and trace detection of various drugs under various complex environments.
6. The invention has high-efficiency sensitivity, stability and repeatability for quickly detecting the residual drugs on the surfaces of various postal parcels, the detection limit of various drugs is below 1ppm, and the detection requirements of actual field detection can be well met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a pinhole Au @ SiO film prepared in example 12Scanning after modification of three molecules by shell isolated nanoparticlesElectron micrographs;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the modification of three types of pinhole-containing Au @ SiO films with different electrical properties in example 12Testing SERS images of trace residual fentanyl, K powder and glacial toxic mixed drugs on the simulated package by using the shell layer isolated nano particle chip;
FIG. 3 is a pinhole-containing Au @ SiO solid modified with only positively charged cetyltrimethylammonium chloride in example 12Testing a chip prepared by the shell layer isolated nano particles to simulate an SERS (surface enhanced Raman scattering) diagram of trace residual fentanyl, K powder and glacial acetic acid on a package;
FIG. 4 shows a pinhole Au @ TiO prepared in example 22A transmission electron microscope picture of the shell layer isolated nano particle modified with three molecules;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the modification of three types of pinhole-containing Au @ TiO films with different electrical properties in example 22Testing SERS graphs of three mixed drugs of trace residual ice toxin, heroin and ephedrine on the simulated package by using the shell layer isolated nano particle chip;
FIG. 6 is a pinhole-containing Au @ TiO modification of only negatively charged sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate in example 22Testing a chip prepared by the shell layer isolated nano particles to simulate an SERS graph of three mixed drugs of trace residual ice toxin, heroin and ephedrine on a package;
FIG. 7 is a TEM image of the pinhole-containing Au @ CdS shell isolated nanoparticles prepared in example 3 after modifying three molecules;
FIG. 8 is a SERS graph of three mixed drugs of trace residual heroin, ***e and ephedrine on a simulated package of a modified three Au @ CdS shell isolated nanoparticle chips with different electric properties and pinholes;
FIG. 9 is a SERS graph of three mixed drugs of trace residual heroin, ***e and ephedrine on a chip test simulation package prepared from Au @ CdS shell isolated nanoparticles with pinholes for modifying only polyvinyl alcohol with charge neutrality in example 3.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Example 1:
(1) synthesis of Au @ SiO with pinhole2The shell layer isolates the gold nanoparticles, and the specific synthesis method comprises the following steps: adding 0.4ml of 1mM 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane into 30ml of 55nm Au nano particles, stirring for 15min, adding 3.2ml of 0.054 wt% sodium silicate solution, and stirring at normal temperature for 5min to obtain the ultrathin Au @ SiO with pinholes2The shell layer isolates the gold nanoparticles.
(2) And (2) centrifuging the nanoparticle solution obtained in the step (1) for 3 times, soaking the nanoparticle solution in a positively charged hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride modifier, stirring the solution at normal temperature for 30min, and centrifuging to remove redundant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride molecules in the solution.
(3) And (2) centrifuging the nanoparticle solution obtained in the step (1) for three times, soaking the solution in a negatively charged 1% sodium citrate solution, stirring the solution at normal temperature for 30min, and centrifuging the solution to remove redundant sodium citrate molecules in the solution.
(4) And (2) centrifuging the nanoparticle solution obtained in the step (1) for three times, soaking the solution in an electrically neutral polyvinyl alcohol solution, stirring the solution at normal temperature for 30min, and centrifuging to remove redundant polyvinyl alcohol in the solution.
(5) Three types of shell layer isolated gold nanoparticles modified with different molecules and provided with pinholes are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, concentrated and dripped on a gold sheet for drying to obtain an SERS chip, as shown in figure 1.
(6) And (3) taking the postal parcel with the mixture of fentanyl, K powder and glacial acetic acid, wiping the surface of the postal parcel with a cotton swab soaked with alcohol, dipping the alcohol on the cotton swab on the SERS chip prepared in the step (4), and testing by using a 785nm handheld Raman spectrometer to obtain the SERS spectrogram shown in the figure 2. When only the positively charged hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is used for modifying the Au @ SiO with the pinhole2When the gold nanoparticles are isolated by the shell layer to serve as the SERS substrate, as shown in the SERS spectrogram of FIG. 3, only the detection of a single K powder molecule can be realized. And three kinds of Au @ SiO with pinholes and different electric properties are simultaneously modified2The gold nanoparticles isolated by the shell layer can realize the rapid implementation of three mixed drugsThe detection is fast, and meanwhile, the detection sensitivity reaches below 1ppm, so that the on-site detection requirement can be well met.
Example 2:
(1) synthesizing Au @ TiO with pinholes2The specific scheme is as follows: adding 10 mu l of titanium trichloride solution into ethanol solution for dilution, adding the diluted titanium trichloride solution into 10ml of prepared gold nanoparticle solution, and stirring for 30min under the condition of ice water mixture to obtain Au @ TiO with pinholes2Nanoparticles.
(2) And (2) centrifuging the nanoparticle solution obtained in the step (1) for 3 times, soaking the solution in a sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate modifier with negative electricity, stirring the solution at normal temperature for 30min, and centrifuging to remove redundant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate molecules in the solution.
(3) And (2) centrifuging the nanoparticle solution obtained in the step (1) for three times, soaking the nanoparticle solution in a positively charged 1% polyallylamine hydrochloride solution, stirring the solution at normal temperature for 30min, and centrifuging the solution to remove the redundant polyallylamine hydrochloride in the solution.
(4) And (2) centrifuging the nanoparticle solution obtained in the step (1) for three times, soaking the solution in a charged neutral glycol solution, stirring the solution at normal temperature for 30min, and centrifuging to remove redundant glycol molecules in the solution.
(5) Three types of pinhole shell isolated gold nanoparticles modified with different molecules are mixed according to the volume ratio of 2:1:1, concentrated and dripped on a gold sheet for drying to obtain the SERS chip, as shown in FIG. 4.
(5) And (3) taking the postal parcel with the three mixtures of the ice toxin, the heroin and the ephedrine, wiping the surface of the postal parcel with a cotton swab soaked with alcohol, dipping the alcohol on the cotton swab on the SERS chip prepared in the step (4), and testing by using a 785nm handheld Raman spectrometer to obtain an SERS spectrogram in the graph 5. When only the negatively charged sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is used for modifying the Au @ TiO with the pinholes2When the gold nanoparticles are isolated by the shell layer to serve as the SERS substrate, as shown in the SERS spectrogram of FIG. 6, only the detection of a single acetotoxin molecule can be realized. And three kinds of Au @ TiO with pinholes on molecules with different electric properties are simultaneously modified2The gold nanoparticles isolated by the shell layer can realize the rapid detection of three mixed drugs, and the detection is flexibleThe sensitivity reaches below 1ppm, and the on-site detection requirement can be well met.
Example 3:
(1) the specific scheme for synthesizing the Au @ CdS with the pinholes comprises the following steps: adding 1ml of 0.02M cadmium nitrate solution into 10ml of 0.05M cysteine solution, adding the alkaline solution to adjust the pH to 11, adding the mixture into 30ml of prepared gold nanoparticles, and reacting at 130 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the shell isolated Au @ CdS nanoparticles with pinholes.
(2) And (2) centrifuging the nanoparticle solution obtained in the step (1) for 3 times, soaking the nanoparticle solution in a neutral polyvinyl alcohol modifier, stirring the solution at normal temperature for 30min, and centrifuging to remove redundant polyvinyl alcohol molecules in the solution.
(3) And (2) centrifuging the nanoparticle solution obtained in the step (1) for three times, soaking the solution in a positively charged 5% polyacrylamide solution, stirring the solution at normal temperature for 30min, and centrifuging to remove redundant polyacrylamide molecules in the solution.
(4) And (2) centrifuging the nanoparticle solution obtained in the step (1) for three times, soaking the solution in potassium iodide solution with negative electricity, stirring the solution at normal temperature for 30min, and centrifuging the solution to remove redundant potassium iodide.
(5) Three types of pinhole shell isolated gold nanoparticles modified with different molecules are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:3:1, concentrated and dripped on a gold sheet for drying to obtain the SERS chip, as shown in FIG. 7.
(6) And (3) taking the postal parcel with the mixture of the heroin, the ***e and the ephedrine, wiping the surface of the postal parcel with a cotton swab soaked with alcohol, dipping the alcohol on the cotton swab on the SERS chip prepared in the step (4), and testing by using a 785nm handheld Raman spectrometer to obtain an SERS spectrogram in the graph of 8. And when only the Au @ CdS shell isolated gold nanoparticles with pinholes are modified by the charged neutral polyvinyl alcohol to serve as the SERS substrate, as shown in the SERS spectrogram of FIG. 9, only the detection of a single ***e molecule can be realized. Meanwhile, three Au @ CdS shell isolated gold nanoparticles with different electric properties and pinholes are modified, so that three mixed drugs can be rapidly detected, the detection sensitivity reaches below 1ppm, and the on-site detection requirement can be well met.
The chip is extremely simple to manufacture, is used for surface-enhanced Raman spectrum detection, has higher stability and sensitivity, and can be used for quickly detecting residual drugs including postal parcels, table tops, utensils, fingers and the like by utilizing the handheld Raman spectrometer, so that not only can single-class drugs be quickly detected, but also various mixtures can be quickly detected in various complex environments. The method can improve the signal intensity of the nano particles and simultaneously can effectively improve the detection sensitivity and the reproducibility.
The invention can also be applied to other aspects of quick detection such as explosives, radioactive substances and the like, only a cotton swab is used for wiping a place once stained with a sample, and then alcohol is dripped on the chip, so that the Raman spectrometer can be used for testing, the whole testing process only needs 10s of time, and the invention has great commercial application prospect.

Claims (10)

1. A chip preparation method for rapid drug detection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) evaporating a gold film on the plane of the substrate, and cutting the gold film into gold sheets for later use;
2) preparing a shell layer with pinholes to isolate the gold nanoparticles;
3) soaking the shell isolated gold nanoparticles with pinholes prepared in the step 2) in a plurality of electrically different modifiers, namely a positively charged modifier A, a negatively charged modifier B and an electrically neutral modifier C;
4) and 4) carrying out centrifugal concentration on the gold nanoparticles isolated by the modified shell layer of the molecules in the step 3), mixing according to a certain proportion, dripping the mixture on the surface of a gold sheet, and drying to obtain the SERS chip.
2. The method for preparing a chip for rapid detection of drugs according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step 2), the shell layer with the pinholes isolates the gold nanoparticles, inorganic substances, organic macromolecules and framework molecules are used as the shell layer, and the gold nanoparticles are used as the inner core.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the chip is used for rapid detection of drugsThe method is characterized in that: in the step 2), the shell layer isolated gold nanoparticles with the pin holes comprise Au @ CdS and Au @ SiO2、Au@TiO2、Au@MOF、Au@Al2O3-And one or more of Au @ ZnO.
4. The method for preparing a chip for rapid detection of drugs according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step 3), the positively charged modifier A comprises one or more of cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyltrimethyl ammonium iodide, polyallylamine hydrochloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetraoctylammonium bromide, polyethylene glycol, polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyacrylamide and triethanolamine.
5. The method for preparing a chip for rapid detection of drugs according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step 3), the modifier B with negative electricity comprises one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium citrate, tannic acid, potassium iodide, sodium bromide, sodium isooctyl succinate sulfonate, sodium phosphite, gluconic acid and DNA.
6. The method for preparing a chip for rapid detection of drugs according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step 3), the electrically neutral modifier C comprises one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, trioctylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, trihydroxymethylphosphorus, alkanes, polyacrylonitrile and ethylene glycol.
7. The method for preparing a chip for rapid detection of drugs according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the step 4), the volume ratio of the positive charged nanoparticles to the negative charged nanoparticles to the electrically neutral nanoparticles is (1-3) to (1-3).
8. The use of the chip for rapid drug detection according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: and wiping the surfaces of various objects to be detected with the moisture absorption object soaked with the liquid, dripping the liquid drops on the SERS chip, and detecting the residual drugs by using a Raman spectrometer.
9. The use of claim 8, wherein: the liquid for wetting the wipe comprises at least one of water, ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile; the Raman spectrometer comprises a handheld spectrometer, a portable Raman spectrometer and a table type Raman spectrometer.
10. The use of claim 8, wherein: the residual drug to be tested comprises fentanyl, amphetamines, ***e, morphine, papaverine hydrochloride, barbiturates, cannabinoids, diphenoxylate, tetracaine, diazepam, norhydroxyazone, sulbactam, chlordiazepoxide, alprazolor, triazoler, tetrahydrocannabinol, noscapine, caffeine, ketamine hydrochloride, dolantin, methadone, clozapine, lorazepam or fenfluramine.
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