CN113049429B - Device and method for simulating surface melting loss of blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and crystallizer - Google Patents
Device and method for simulating surface melting loss of blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and crystallizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113049429B CN113049429B CN202110273169.4A CN202110273169A CN113049429B CN 113049429 B CN113049429 B CN 113049429B CN 202110273169 A CN202110273169 A CN 202110273169A CN 113049429 B CN113049429 B CN 113049429B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
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- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for simulating the surface melting loss of a tuyere small sleeve and a crystallizer of a blast furnace, which are used for testing the wettability and the liquid slag and iron melting loss resistance of red copper or a cobalt-based alloy cladding layer prepared on the copper surface by a red copper surface or plasma cladding process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and crystallizer surface melting loss, in particular to a device and a method for simulating the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and crystallizer surface melting loss.
Background
Copper has good thermal and electrical conductivity, good corrosion resistance, and good corrosion resistance in the atmosphere, seawater, certain non-oxidizing acids, alkalis, salt solutions, and various organic acids. However, the hardness is low and the wear resistance is poor, so that the application of the composite material in many aspects is limited. Pure copper is currently most used in blast furnace tuyere jackets and continuous casting crystallizers because of its good thermal conductivity.
The blast furnace is responsible for reducing iron ore into molten iron and is an important component in the whole steel production process. The blast furnace tuyere small sleeve is arranged in a furnace wall which is about 500mm away from the upper edge of a furnace hearth, and the front end of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve is projected into the furnace by 400-600 mm.
The blast furnace tuyere small sleeve has the function of blowing hot air and coal powder into the blast furnace, and the working environment is very severe. The front end of the tuyere is flushed by molten iron and circulating high-temperature materials at 1500 ℃ in blast furnace steel with the temperature of more than 2000 ℃, hot air at 900-1300 ℃ passes through the tuyere hole, the inner wall of the tuyere is abraded at high speed by coal powder, and the damage of the tuyere is accelerated by the adverse factors. The outer surface of the tuyere extending into the blast furnace is subjected to erosion by liquid slag and iron dropping from the top to the bottom and abrasion by red hot coke. As the blast furnace tuyere belongs to equipment which can continuously work and can not be overhauled and replaced in use, once the blast furnace tuyere is damaged, the tuyere needs to be temporarily stopped for replacement, thereby bringing adverse effects to the yield, the quality, the coke ratio and the like of pig iron.
At present, the material of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve in China is mainly made of pure copper, because the heat dissipation capacity of the pure copper is good, the service life of the small sleeve can be prolonged. The service life of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve used at present is short, and is only several months to one year on average, so the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve is frequently required to be replaced, the replacement of the small sleeve can bring great difficulty to the process operation of the blast furnace, and the manual work intensity is also increased. Only because the tuyere of the blast furnace is frequently changed to stop blowing down, millions of tons of pig iron are produced each year in China, and the reduction of the output value is about one billion yuan.
The crystallizer is a core device for continuous casting production, plays a role in solidifying liquid molten steel into a solid blank shell in continuous casting, and is an important heat conduction cooling part. Copper and copper alloys are widely used in crystallizers for continuous casting production due to their excellent thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. When in work, one side of the steel is in contact with liquid molten steel with the temperature of 1530-1570 ℃ and the other side is in contact with cooling water with the temperature of 30-40 ℃, and the steel bears high-temperature oxidation, chemical corrosion, surface abrasion, thermal fatigue and the like under the extreme service condition of the combined action of the high-temperature liquid molten steel and the low-temperature circulating cooling water. The reliability of its operation directly affects the continuous casting productivity and the quality of the cast slab. According to the calculation, the annual consumption of the continuous casting crystallizer is about 1.5-2 yuan/ton steel, and the annual consumption of the copper crystallizer of national iron and steel enterprises in China is more than 12 million yuan when the domestic crude steel yield is 8 million tons. The crystallizer has important influence on the service life and reliability of equipment, and with the continuous development of an efficient continuous casting process, the performance of the crystallizer is required, and the crystallizer has good heat conductivity, corrosion resistance, high heat strength and the like, which become standards for judging the quality of the crystallizer.
At present, methods such as electroplating, thermal spraying and the like are widely adopted to improve the wear resistance of copper, but the coating and the substrate are mechanically combined, so that the effect is lost in the using process. The cladding layer prepared on the copper surface by adopting the plasma cladding technology is metallurgically bonded with the substrate. The cobalt-based alloy is a good cladding material due to good high-temperature wear resistance, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance. The application prospect of copper is greatly expanded by carrying out plasma cladding on the surface of the copper to form the wear-resistant layer. At present, the combination condition of the cladding layer and the substrate and the high-temperature wear resistance of the cladding layer are mainly analyzed, and the research on whether the cladding layer can bear high-temperature liquid slag and iron is still a place worthy of being researched, and how to design and research the melting loss resistance of the prepared cladding layer to the liquid slag and the iron is worth paying attention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for simulating the surface melting loss of a blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and a crystallizer, which utilizes the device with the melting loss resistance to simulate the actual working state of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer, obtains contact and reaction samples of high-temperature liquid slag, iron and copper (or a cladding layer) surface, and detects the wettability of the sample surface and the melting loss of the slag iron. A new way is opened up for researching the liquid slag and iron melting loss resistance of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer.
The invention provides a device for simulating the surface melting loss of a blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and a crystallizer in a first aspect, which comprises a slag iron heating device, a slag iron container, a slag iron temperature control valve, a copper matrix heating device, a temperature monitoring device, a cooling water system and an atmosphere system; wherein:
the slag iron heating device is used for heating and melting slag and iron in the slag iron container, and when the slag and the iron are heated to a set temperature, the slag iron temperature control valve is opened, so that the slag and the iron in the slag iron container drop onto a copper matrix to be detected or a cladding layer of the copper matrix;
the copper matrix heating device is used for heating the copper matrix to a set temperature;
the cooling water system is used for introducing cooling water into the inner wall of the copper matrix so as to simulate a cooling system of a blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and a crystallizer;
the atmosphere system is used for introducing controllable atmosphere to simulate the actual working atmosphere of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer.
Further, the slag iron heating device and the slag iron heating device adopt induction heating or resistance heating.
Furthermore, the iron slag container is a corundum crucible funnel with an outer layer of graphite.
Further, when the slag and the iron are heated to 1600 ℃, the slag iron temperature control valve is automatically opened; when the temperature is reduced to 1590 ℃, the slag iron temperature control valve is automatically closed.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for simulating surface melting loss of a tuyere small sleeve and a crystallizer of a blast furnace, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The device for simulating the surface melting loss of the tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer of the blast furnace comprises a slag iron heating device, a slag iron container, a slag iron temperature control valve, a copper matrix heating device, a temperature monitoring device, a cooling water system and an atmosphere system; wherein:
the slag iron heating device is used for heating and melting slag and iron in the slag iron container, and when the slag and the iron are heated to a set temperature, the slag iron temperature control valve is opened, so that the slag and the iron in the slag iron container drop onto a copper matrix to be detected or a cladding layer of the copper matrix;
the copper matrix heating device is used for heating the copper matrix to a set temperature;
the cooling water system is used for introducing cooling water into the inner wall of the copper matrix so as to simulate a cooling system of a blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and a crystallizer;
the atmosphere system is used for introducing controllable atmosphere to simulate the actual working atmosphere of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer;
(2) Plasma cladding of a cobalt-based alloy cladding layer on the surface of a copper matrix by using plasma surfacing equipment;
(3) Loading a copper matrix into the device, and introducing atmosphere and cooling water into the device;
(4) Heating the copper matrix to 1000 ℃; adjusting the flow speed and flow of cooling water to control the temperature of the surface of the cladding layer to be about 600 ℃;
(5) Adding slag iron into the slag iron container, heating to 1600 ℃, and opening a slag iron temperature control valve to enable slag and iron in the slag iron container to drip on a cladding layer of the copper matrix; when the temperature of slag and iron in the slag iron container is reduced to 1590 ℃, the automatic temperature control valve is automatically closed;
(6) And taking out the copper matrix when the copper matrix is cooled to room temperature.
Further, the slag iron heating device and the slag iron heating device adopt induction heating or resistance heating.
Further, the iron slag container is a corundum crucible funnel.
Furthermore, a copper tube with the purity of 99.99% is used as a matrix, co06 alloy powder with the granularity of 50 mu m is selected as cladding powder, the shape of the cladding powder is spherical, and the cladding powder comprises the following components: 1.15wt% C, 29wt% Cr, 1wt% Si, 4wt% W, 3wt% Fe, 1wt% Mo, 3wt% Ni, 1wt% Mn, 56.85wt% Mo.
Further, a cladding layer is prepared by a plasma cladding technology, and the selected process parameters are preheating temperature of 800 ℃, surfacing speed of 180mm/min and welding gun height of 10mm.
Further, the copper matrix is pretreated before cladding.
The invention tests the protection material with excellent performance prepared on the surfaces of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer and the liquid slag and iron melting loss resistance performance thereof by simulating the actual working environment of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer and by a device for simulating the surface melting loss of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer. Has important fundamental theoretical research significance and practical application value for key breakthrough of the high-efficiency energy-saving long-life blast furnace comprehensive smelting technology and continuous casting production.
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a device for simulating the erosion of the tuyere stock and the mold surface of a blast furnace in a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of a simulated blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and mold surface melting loss apparatus in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-automatic temperature control valve, 2-graphite, 3-corundum crucible funnel, 4, 11, 12-thermocouple, 5-induction heating device, 6-resistance heating wire, 7-copper pipe, 8-water inlet, 9-water outlet and 10-cladding layer.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
The device for simulating the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer surface melting loss mainly adopts an induction heating device 5, a resistance wire heating device 6, thermocouples 4, 11 and 12, an automatic temperature control valve 1, an atmosphere system and a cooling water system. The structural composition and function of each system are as follows:
induction heating device 5: the induction heating device 5 is mainly used for heating slag and iron in the corundum crucible funnel 3 (the outer layer is graphite 2), and the heating is stopped when the slag and the iron are heated to 1600 ℃ (the melting temperature of the slag and the iron in the blast furnace is higher);
thermocouple: the thermocouple 4 is used for measuring the heated temperature of the iron slag, the thermocouple 11 is used for measuring the heated temperature of the copper pipe 7, and the thermocouple 12 is used for measuring the temperature of the surface of the cladding layer after cooling water is introduced;
resistance wire heating device 6: the device is used for heating the copper pipe 7 or the cladding layer, and the heating temperature is 1000 ℃ (after cooling water is introduced into the simulated blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer, the temperature of the surface of the copper pipe or the cladding layer is maintained at about 600 ℃).
Cooling water system: and (3) simulating a cooling system of a blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and a crystallizer, and introducing cooling water into the inner wall of the copper pipe 7 to reduce the working temperature of the surface of a cladding layer. The temperature of the surface of the cladding layer is further controlled by controlling the flow speed and the flow of the cooling water.
Automatic temperature control valve 1: when the induction heating coil 5 heats and melts the slag and iron in the corundum crucible funnel 3 to 1600 ℃, the temperature control valve 1 can be automatically opened, and the liquid slag and iron drop to the surface of the cladding layer from top to bottom at the moment. When the temperature is reduced to 1590 ℃, the thermostatic valve can be automatically closed.
Atmosphere system: and introducing a controllable atmosphere to simulate the actual working atmosphere of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer.
When in detection:
the method comprises the following steps of (I) plasma cladding a cobalt-based alloy cladding layer on the surface of a red copper matrix with the purity of 99.99%, wherein the cladding powder is Co06 alloy powder, and the specific components are as follows: 1.15wt% C, 29wt% Cr, 1wt% Si, 4wt% W, 3wt% Fe, 1wt% Mo, 3wt% Ni, 1wt% Mn, 56.85wt% Mo. (the cobalt-based alloy powder has better hot corrosion resistance and heat resistance and better high-temperature performance and is suitable for an antioxidant, corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant surface working at the high temperature of 600-700 ℃), and the matrix and cladding powder are pretreated before detection.
And (II) obtaining a better cladding layer by regulating and controlling process parameters by using plasma surfacing equipment, and repeatedly preparing a detection sample under the condition of the same process parameters.
And (III) simulating the actual working states of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer by using a device for simulating the surface melting loss of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer, obtaining a contact and reaction sample of high-temperature liquid slag, iron and copper (or a cladding layer) surface, and detecting the wettability of the sample surface and the melting loss of the slag and iron.
The actual operation process of the device for simulating the surface melting loss of the tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer of the blast furnace is as follows:
adding slag and iron into a corundum funnel (the outer layer is graphite) from a furnace opening, loading a copper pipe (or preparing the copper pipe with a cobalt-based alloy cladding layer by using a plasma cladding technology) into a furnace, fixing the copper pipe, introducing a controllable atmosphere into the furnace, and introducing cooling water into the copper pipe. The copper pipe is heated to 1000 ℃ by using a resistance heating wire or an induction heating device, the actual temperature of the cladding layer or the surface of the copper pipe is observed by a thermocouple, and the flow speed and the flow of cooling water are adjusted to control the temperature of the surface of the cladding layer to be about 600 ℃ so as to simulate the actual working environment of a blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and a crystallizer. The slag and iron in the corundum crucible (the outer layer is graphite) are heated by using an induction heating coil or a resistance heating wire, when the heating temperature reaches 1600 ℃, the automatic temperature control valve can be automatically opened, and the liquid slag and iron can drop onto the surface of a cladding layer (or a copper pipe) from top to bottom. When the heating of slag and iron in the corundum funnel (the outer layer is graphite) is stopped and the temperature in the funnel is reduced to 1590 ℃, the automatic temperature control valve can be automatically closed. And taking out the copper pipe when the copper pipe is cooled to room temperature.
One specific embodiment is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps of (A) selecting a copper tube with the purity of 99.99% as a substrate, selecting Co06 alloy powder with the particle size of 50 mu m as cladding powder, wherein the shape of the powder is spherical, and the powder comprises the following components: 1.15wt% C, 29wt% Cr, 1wt% Si, 4wt% W, 3wt% Fe, 1wt% Mo, 3wt% Ni, 1wt% Mn, 56.85wt% Mo. The matrix is pretreated before cladding: red copper with a purity of 99.99% → sanding (180 mesh, 400 mesh, 600 mesh, 800 mesh) → acetone washing → ethanol washing → blower drying. In order to ensure that the powder has better fluidity in the plasma cladding process, the Co06 alloy powder is placed in a drying oven to be dried (120-2 h) before the experiment.
And (II) preparing a cladding layer by using a plasma cladding technology, wherein the selected process parameters are the preheating temperature of 800 ℃, the surfacing speed of 180mm/min and the height of a welding gun of 10mm.
And thirdly, performing liquid slag and iron melting loss test on the prepared sample (copper pipe or cladding layer) by using a device for simulating the surface melting loss of the tuyere small sleeve of the blast furnace, and taking out the tested sample for performance detection.
And (IV) cutting into a cuboid with the size of 15mm/10mm/7mm by using a wire cutting technology as a sample for observing a phase and a tissue. And observing whether the cladding layer is penetrated by the liquid slag and the iron or not, and the combination condition of the cladding layer and the substrate which are dropped by the high-temperature liquid slag and the iron. The wear resistance was tested by cutting into 3.96mm by 18mm cylinders. And testing the wettability of the surface of the cladding layer or the copper pipe.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concepts of the present invention should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A device for simulating the surface melting loss of a blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and a crystallizer is characterized by comprising a slag iron heating device, a slag iron container, a slag iron temperature control valve, a copper matrix heating device, a temperature monitoring device, a cooling water system and an atmosphere system; wherein:
the slag iron heating device is used for heating and melting slag and iron in the slag iron container, and when the slag and the iron are heated to a set temperature, the slag iron temperature control valve is opened, so that the slag and the iron in the slag iron container drop onto a copper matrix to be detected or a cladding layer of the copper matrix;
the copper matrix heating device is used for heating the copper matrix to a set temperature;
the cooling water system is used for introducing cooling water into the inner wall of the copper matrix so as to simulate a cooling system of a blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and a crystallizer;
the atmosphere system is used for introducing controllable atmosphere to simulate the actual working atmosphere of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer.
2. The apparatus for simulating the surface melting loss of the tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer of the blast furnace as set forth in claim 1, wherein the slag iron heating means and the slag iron heating means employ induction heating or resistance heating.
3. The apparatus for simulating the surface melting loss of a tuyere small sleeve and a crystallizer of a blast furnace as set forth in claim 2, wherein the iron slag container is a corundum crucible funnel whose outer layer is graphite.
4. The apparatus for simulating the surface melting loss of the tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer of the blast furnace as claimed in claim 3, wherein the slag iron temperature control valve is automatically opened when the slag iron is heated to 1600 ℃; when the temperature is reduced to 1590 ℃, the slag iron temperature control valve is automatically closed.
5. A method for simulating the surface melting loss of a tuyere small sleeve and a crystallizer of a blast furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The device for simulating the surface melting loss of the tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer of the blast furnace comprises a slag iron heating device, a slag iron container, a slag iron temperature control valve, a copper matrix heating device, a temperature monitoring device, a cooling water system and an atmosphere system; wherein:
the slag iron heating device is used for heating and melting slag and iron in the slag iron container, and when the slag and the iron are heated to a set temperature, the slag iron temperature control valve is opened, so that the slag and the iron in the slag iron container drop onto a copper matrix to be detected or a cladding layer of the copper matrix;
the copper matrix heating device is used for heating the copper matrix to a set temperature;
the cooling water system is used for introducing cooling water into the inner wall of the copper matrix so as to simulate a cooling system of a blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and a crystallizer;
the atmosphere system is used for introducing controllable atmosphere to simulate the actual working atmosphere of the blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and the crystallizer;
(2) Plasma cladding of a cobalt-based alloy cladding layer on the surface of a copper matrix by using plasma surfacing equipment;
(3) Loading a copper matrix into the device, and introducing atmosphere and cooling water into the device;
(4) Heating the copper matrix to 1000 ℃; adjusting the flow speed and flow of cooling water to control the temperature of the surface of the cladding layer to be about 600 ℃;
(5) Adding slag iron into the slag iron container, heating to 1600 ℃, and opening a slag iron temperature control valve to enable slag and iron in the slag iron container to drip on a cladding layer of the copper matrix; when the temperature of slag and iron in the slag iron container is reduced to 1590 ℃, the automatic temperature control valve is automatically closed;
(6) And taking out the copper matrix when the copper matrix is cooled to room temperature.
6. The method for simulating the surface melting loss of the tuyere small sleeve of the blast furnace and the crystallizer as set forth in claim 5, wherein the slag iron heating device and the slag iron heating device adopt induction heating or resistance heating.
7. The method for simulating blast furnace tuyere small sleeve and mold surface melting loss of claim 6, wherein the iron slag container is a corundum crucible funnel.
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