CN113049205A - Bird collision test device based on electromagnetic loading - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bird collision test device based on electromagnetic loading, belongs to the technical field of bird collision tests, is used for verifying the bird collision resistance of a test piece, and specifically comprises a power supply system, a transmitting system and a test system; the technical scheme of the invention adopts an electromagnetic loading technology, charges the capacitor by control and then discharges the loading coil, utilizes the electromagnetic force generated between the loading coil and the induction coil to finish the launching of the bird bomb, and the induction coil is blocked by the combined buffer mechanism in the motion process, so that the bird bomb only flies out of the gun barrel to finish the impact on the test piece. The bird impact test platform using the electromagnetic loading to replace the air cannon loading has the advantages of simple structure, capability of enabling the bird bomb to obtain higher launching speed, good controllability of the launching process, simplicity and convenience in operation, good repeatability of the test process and accurate result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bird impact tests, and particularly relates to a bird impact test device based on electromagnetic loading.
Background
Bird strike generally refers to the collision of high-speed moving vehicles such as airplanes, high-speed rails and the like to flying birds, the process of the bird strike is in the millisecond level, and the bird strike has the characteristics of dynamic load, flexible collision, large deformation geometric nonlinearity, high strain rate and the like, and is a sudden and multiple accident. If the bird hits the critical part of an aircraft or a high-speed rail, the result is serious, and the life safety of people is directly threatened.
The bird-strike resistance test is an important method for evaluating the safety performance of airplanes and high-speed rails, and 4-8 pounds (1.8-3.6kg) of artificial simulated birds (bird bullets) are generally accelerated to strike a test piece to simulate the bird-strike process at home and abroad. The bird bomb acceleration method currently mainly adopts gunpowder explosion energy driving or air bomb loading. The former can provide greater firing rates but gunpowder storage and testing is more dangerous, so air cannon loading is more common. The gas release of the launching device is the key of the air cannon launching test technology, and in the current common air cannon test system, three gas release technologies, namely a piston air valve type gas release technology, a membrane breaking technology and a solenoid valve type gas release technology, are respectively adopted, so that a metal membrane breaks and then moves along with a high-speed projectile body when the membrane breaking type gas is released, potential safety hazards exist, the repeatability precision is poor, the loss is large, and the uniform action of launching airflow is difficult to ensure; and the piston type and electromagnetic valve type gas release launching device has a complex structure, long opening time and poor launching precision.
The patent with application number 201510729223.6 discloses a bird strike test device, which adopts an air compressor and an air storage tank to realize air loading on bird projectiles, seals a gun barrel by using a film before the test, and uses a decompression device to enable the interior of the gun barrel to be in a vacuum state, and enables 1.8kg of bird projectiles to obtain a flying speed of 1010km/h (280m/s) under the conditions that the air pressure is 0.4Mpa, the length of the second section of the gun barrel is 9m, and the vacuum pressure is-0.09 Mpa, which is far higher than the speed of 650km/h (180m/s) in the prior art. Although the flying speed of the bird bomb is improved, the requirement on barrel sealing is high, the structure is complex due to the adoption of a vacuum environment, the test cost is high, and the uniform effect of launching airflow is difficult to ensure in the launching process.
The patent application No. 201810889047.6 discloses a centrifugal bird strike test method, the device provides driving force by a driving motor, the bird body is rotated by a centrifugal rotating device, when the linear velocity of the bird body reaches a set value, the centrifugal rotating device releases the bird body and guides the bird body to strike a test piece, the device does not need a long gun tube and a high-voltage device, the whole occupied space of the test system is small, but the rotation acceleration time of the bird body is long, the requirement on the control precision of the release of the bird body is high, and a large launching speed is difficult to obtain.
In summary, the existing bird strike test device cannot meet the development requirements of the current supersonic aircraft and high-speed rails, and a new technical scheme is urgently needed to solve the problems of low bird projectile launching speed, complex device structure and poor test precision in bird strike test launching.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bird strike testing device based on electromagnetic loading to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the bird strike testing device based on electromagnetic loading comprises a power supply system, a transmitting system and a testing system;
the power supply system comprises an input power supply, a step-up transformer, a rectifying element, a current-limiting resistor, a capacitor, a discharge switch and a cable;
the test system comprises a high-speed camera measurement system, two speed probes and a test piece;
the launching system comprises a loading coil, an induction coil, a bird support, a bird bomb, a gun barrel, a combined buffer mechanism and a bracket;
the induction coil is of a metal disc structure with low resistivity, is arranged on the front side of the loading coil, is provided with an arc-shaped groove for attaching a bird bomb at the center of the surface of one side far away from the loading coil, and is also connected with a non-magnetic bird support on the surface, before test launching, one side of the induction coil close to the loading coil is tightly attached to the loading coil, and meanwhile, the bird bomb is tightly attached to the induction coil;
and a cable of the power supply system is connected with a loading coil of the transmitting system through a connecting joint.
Optionally, the combined buffer mechanism is arranged at an outlet at the front end in the barrel, and the combined buffer mechanism is composed of damping rubber, a damper and a spring;
during testing, an input power supply is boosted by a step-up transformer and rectified by a rectifying element to charge a capacitor, a discharging switch is closed to discharge to a loading coil through a cable after reaching a specified voltage, an induction coil and a bird bomb are launched together by utilizing electromagnetic repulsion force generated between the loading coil and the induction coil, after the induction coil is launched, a bird support connected with the coil and the bird bomb supported in the bird support are driven to fly together, the induction coil firstly impacts damping rubber at the left end of a combined type buffer mechanism when reaching an outlet of a gun barrel, the bird support is inserted into a cylindrical space in the center of the combined type buffer mechanism to limit the induction coil and the bird support to continuously move rightwards, and only the bird bomb is launched to impact a test piece to complete the test.
Optionally, the two speed probes are all fixedly mounted on the outer side of the barrel, and a hole for measuring the speed of the speed probe is formed in the joint between the upper part of the barrel and the speed probe.
Optionally, the speed probe on the left side is located right above an outlet at the front end of the bird support before launching, and the speed probe on the right side is located right above the left end of the shock-absorbing rubber after resetting.
Optionally, the loading coil is located at the left end of the barrel, and the bottom of the barrel is provided with brackets at equal intervals.
Optionally, the induction coil is located at the left end in the barrel, and the induction coil is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the barrel.
Optionally, the power supply system of the test apparatus is in an underdamped operating state, that is, the equivalent resistance of the power supply systemRInductorLAnd the capacitance C satisfies the formula:
when the discharge switch is closed, the impact current provided by the power supply system meets the formula:
i(t)＝Ime(-δt)sin(ωt)
wherein, in the formula ImIn order to obtain the peak value of the surge current,
where Uc is the charging voltage across the capacitor.
Optionally, after the capacitor discharges, an instantaneous current is generated inside the loading coil, so that an eddy current is induced in the induction coil, and the loading power obtained by the bird bomb comes from an electromagnetic repulsion force generated between the loading coil and the induction coil, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, r in the formula1To load the coil radius, mu0Is vacuum magnetic conductivity, omega is damping resonance circle frequency, M is mutual inductance between two coils, N is number of turns of loading coil, alpha is distance between loading coil and induction coil, R is2、L2C, Uc are the capacitance and charging voltage, respectively, for the induction coil resistance and inductance, respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. high transmitting speed
The present bird strike test platform adopts compressed air loading or gunpowder explosion to provide power, is limited by gas expansion speed, is difficult to accelerate a standard test bird bomb of 4-8 pounds to approach or even exceed sonic speed, and along with the progress of the current technological level, supersonic speed transportation means are common in the coming months, the test result of the traditional bird strike test platform can not effectively provide the test condition of a structure under high-speed strike, but the invention converts electric energy into electromagnetic energy and then into kinetic energy of the bird bomb in principle, theoretically, enough energy can be provided to accelerate the bird bomb to sonic speed or even supersonic speed as long as electric capacity is enough, the invention can greatly improve the launching speed of the bird bomb, can better test the performance of a test piece under an extremely complex environment, and can leave enough safety margin for designers as far as possible.
2. Good controllability
The bird bomb with different weights is adopted according to different test objects and different test requirements, different electromagnetic forces and the launching speed of the bird bomb can be obtained by adjusting the energy storage of the power supply (mainly the capacitance and the capacitor charging voltage), the 'three-free' (silent, smokeless and lightless) launching can be realized in the launching process, the operation is simple and convenient, and the controllability is good.
3. Simple structure, convenient management and maintenance
The electromagnetic loading can provide a large launching speed, and meanwhile, the loading can be completed within hundreds of microseconds to milliseconds, so compared with a bird collision test device loaded by an air cannon, the launching barrel does not need to be processed very long and can be shortened to 1-3m, the loss of a bird bomb in the running process is small, and the barrel does not need to be vacuumized.
4. Accurate test result
The electromagnetic loading force obtained during launching can be calculated according to the electromagnetic force formula provided by the invention, the conversion, the loss and the like of energy in the whole process of the test can be accurately analyzed, meanwhile, the influence of uneven airflow on a bird bomb during launching of a traditional air cannon on the test result is not required to be considered, the test repeatability is good, and the accuracy of the test result is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic loading bird strike test platform according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional block diagram of the loading coil and induction coil of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a simulation graph of electromagnetic force, flight speed and time applied to the loading of the bird bomb according to the present invention
In the figure: 1. inputting a power supply; 2. a step-up transformer; 3. a capacitor; 4. a rectifying element; 5. a current limiting resistor; 6. a discharge switch; 7. a cable; 8. connecting a joint; 9. a bird support; 10. a speed probe; 11. a barrel; 12. damping rubber; 13. a damper; 14. a spring; 15. testing a test piece; 16. a high speed camera measurement system; 17. a support; 18. bird bullets; 19. loading a coil; 20. an induction coil.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the bird strike testing device based on electromagnetic loading comprises a power supply system, a transmitting system and a testing system;
the power supply system comprises an input power supply 1, a step-up transformer 2, a rectifying element 4, a current-limiting resistor 5, a capacitor 3, a discharge switch 6 and a cable 7;
the test system comprises a high-speed camera measurement system 16, two speed probes 10 and a test specimen 15;
the launching system comprises a loading coil 19, an induction coil 20, a bird support 9, a bird bomb 18, a gun barrel 11, a combined type buffer mechanism and a bracket 17;
the induction coil 20 is a metal disc structure with low resistivity, and is arranged on the front side of the loading coil 19, an arc-shaped groove for fitting a bird bomb is formed in the center of the surface of one side, away from the loading coil 19, of the induction coil 20, the surface of the induction coil is also connected with the non-magnetic bird holder 9, before test launching, one surface, close to the loading coil 19, of the induction coil 20 is tightly attached to the loading coil 19, and meanwhile, the bird bomb 18 is tightly attached to the induction coil 20;
the cable 7 of the power supply system is connected with the loading coil 20 of the transmitting system through a connecting joint 8.
Specifically, the combined buffer mechanism is arranged at an outlet at the front end in the gun barrel 11 and consists of damping rubber 12, a damper 13 and a spring 14;
during the test, an input power supply 1 is boosted by a boosting transformer 2 and rectified by a rectifying element 4 to charge a capacitor 3, a discharging switch 6 is closed to discharge to a loading coil 19 through a cable 7 after reaching a specified voltage, the induction coil 20 and a bird bomb 18 are emitted together by utilizing electromagnetic repulsion generated between the loading coil 19 and the induction coil 20, after the induction coil 20 is emitted, a bird support 9 connected with the induction coil 20 and the bird bomb 18 supported in the bird support are driven to fly together, the induction coil 20 firstly impacts a damping rubber 12 at the left end of a combined type buffer mechanism when reaching the outlet of a gun barrel 11, the bird support 9 is inserted into a cylindrical space at the center of the combined type buffer mechanism, the induction coil 20 and the bird support 9 are limited to move rightwards continuously, and only the bird bomb 18 is emitted to impact a test piece to complete the test.
Specifically, the two speed probes 10 are all fixedly mounted on the outer side of the barrel 11, and an opening for measuring the speed of the speed probe 10 is formed in a joint between the upper side of the barrel 11 and the speed probe 10.
Specifically, the speed probe 10 on the left side is located right above the front end outlet of the bird support 9 before launching, and the speed probe 10 on the right side is located right above the left end of the damping rubber 12 after resetting.
Specifically, the loading coil 19 is located at the left end of the barrel 11, and the supports 17 are installed at the bottom of the barrel 11 at equal intervals.
Specifically, the induction coil 20 is located at the left end in the barrel 11, and the induction coil 20 is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the barrel 11.
In this embodiment, a bird strike test method based on electromagnetic loading is specifically provided, which includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: before the test, selecting a corresponding bird bomb 18 according to a test standard, fixing a test piece 15, debugging a speed probe 10 and a high-speed camera measuring system 16, enabling a base of an induction coil 20 to be tightly attached to a loading coil 19, enabling a groove with a radian to be formed in the central surface of the induction coil to be tightly attached to the bird bomb 18 as far as possible, and supporting the outer surface of the bird bomb 18 by a bird support 9 to finish the preparation work;
step two: an input power supply 1 of 380V or 220V is used for charging a capacitor after being boosted by a boosting transformer 2 and rectified by a rectifying element 4, the capacitor 3 is charged to a specified voltage within 2min, the charging time of the capacitor 3 is mainly determined by the energy storage energy required by the capacitor 3 and a current limiting resistor 5, and the energy storage energy required by the capacitor 3 is determined by the weight of the bird bomb 18 to be launched and the launching speed required;
step three: after reaching the specified voltage, the discharge switch 6 is closed and then discharges the loading coil 19 through the cable 7, instantaneous current is generated in the loading coil 19, the current generates a changing pulse magnetic field around the coil and penetrates through the induction coil 20 to induce eddy current, the instantaneous magnetic field and the eddy current interact to generate electromagnetic repulsion to emit the induction coil 20 and the bird bomb 18 together, the duration of the process is short, the induction coil 20 and the connected bird support 9 can be considered to support the bird bomb 18 to obtain the same speed within hundreds of microseconds to milliseconds, the bird support 9 is made of non-magnetic materials and cannot generate interference on the pulse magnetic field, the gun barrel can be shortened to 1-3m due to the huge acceleration provided by electromagnetic loading, a combined type buffer mechanism formed by matching of vibration-damping rubber 12, a damper 13 and a spring 14 is arranged at the outlet of the gun barrel 11, after the induction coil 20 emits, the bird support 9 connected with the induction coil 20 and the supported bird bomb 18 are driven to fly together, the induction coil 20 firstly impacts on the damping rubber 12 at the left end of the combined type buffer mechanism at the outlet of the gun barrel 11, the bird support 9 is inserted into the cylindrical space at the center of the combined type buffer mechanism, the induction coil 20 and the bird support 9 are limited to continuously move rightwards, only the bird bomb 18 is launched to impact a test piece 15, and the blocking speed of the induction coil 20 and the bird support 9 in the combined type buffer mechanism is reduced to zero;
step four: after the bird bomb 18 leaves the gun barrel 11, the high-speed camera measuring system 16 starts to capture information such as flight track and speed of the bird bomb 18, and after the bird bomb impacts the test specimen 15, a collision test is completed, and at the moment, the induction coil 20 is reset.
In this embodiment, based on the electromagnetically-loaded bird strike testing device, when the power supply system of the testing device is in an underdamped operating state, that is, the equivalent resistance of the power supply systemRInductorLAnd the capacitance C satisfies the formula:
when the discharge switch is closed, the impact current provided by the power supply system meets the formula:
i(t)＝Ime(-δt)sin(ωt)
wherein, in the formula ImIn order to obtain the peak value of the surge current,
in the formula, Uc is the charging voltage at two ends of the capacitor;
after the capacitance discharges, instantaneous current is generated in the loading coil, eddy current is induced in the induction coil, loading power obtained by the bird bomb comes from electromagnetic repulsion force generated between the loading coil and the induction coil, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula r1To load the coil radius, mu0Is vacuum magnetic conductivity, omega is damping resonance circle frequency, M is mutual inductance between two coils, N is number of turns of loading coil, alpha is distance between loading coil and induction coil, R is2、L2Are an induction coil resistance and an inductance, respectively.
As can be seen from the equation, the loading coil radius r1The larger the number of turns N is, the smaller the distance α between the loading coil and the induction coil is, the larger the electromagnetic force F is, and further the larger the launching velocity obtained by the bird bomb is, so that before an actual test, the distance α between the loading coil and the induction coil should be as small as possible. The sizes of the loading coil and the induction coil are generally matched with the size of the bird bomb, wherein the diameter of the loading coil is the same as that of the induction coil, the diameter of the groove in the central surface of the induction coil is the same as the diameter D of the bird bomb, and the length L and the diameter D (unit: mm) of the bird bomb respectively meet the calculation formula by referring to the standard of a bird collision test system:
L＝174.4m1/3
D＝0.5×174.4m1/3
wherein m is the weight (unit: kg) of the bird bomb.
The method comprises the steps that the diameter D of the bird bomb is determined according to the maximum launching weight by a device before launching, the size of a loading coil is further determined, the bird support can be replaced by launching the bird bomb with different weight, after the size of the loading coil and the size of an induction coil of the device and the size of components of a power supply system are determined, different electromagnetic forces can be obtained by adjusting the size of a capacitor C and the size of a charging voltage Uc, the bird bomb can obtain different loading speeds, the charging voltage Uc can be adjusted more conveniently, the effect is more obvious, in the example, as shown in figure 3, through simulation calculation, 3.6kg of the bird bomb can be accelerated to the speed exceeding 350m/s within 1.5ms under 3000V voltage, and the launching speed is far higher than the launching speed provided by an existing bird collision test platform.
Specifically, the electromagnetic force between the coils does not need to be measured directly, two speed probes arranged on the barrel can be used for detecting and detecting the instantaneous speed and acceleration of the induction coil and the bird bomb impacting the combined type buffer mechanism, the electromagnetic force during launching is estimated by using F ═ ma, and the speed of the bird bomb leaving the barrel can be measured by using a laser or a high-speed camera measuring system.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The bird strike testing device based on electromagnetic loading is characterized by comprising a power supply system, a transmitting system and a testing system;
the power supply system comprises an input power supply, a step-up transformer, a rectifying element, a current-limiting resistor, a capacitor, a discharge switch and a cable;
the test system comprises a high-speed camera measurement system, two speed probes and a test piece;
the launching system comprises a loading coil, an induction coil, a bird support, a bird bomb, a gun barrel, a combined buffer mechanism and a bracket;
the induction coil is of a metal disc structure with low resistivity, is arranged on the front side of the loading coil, is provided with an arc-shaped groove for attaching a bird bomb at the center of the surface of one side far away from the loading coil, and is also connected with a non-magnetic bird support on the surface, before test launching, one side of the induction coil close to the loading coil is tightly attached to the loading coil, and meanwhile, the bird bomb is tightly attached to the induction coil;
and a cable of the power supply system is connected with a loading coil of the transmitting system through a connecting joint.
2. The electromagnetic loading based bird strike test device according to claim 1, wherein the combined buffer mechanism is arranged at the outlet of the front end in the barrel, and the combined buffer mechanism is composed of damping rubber, a damper and a spring;
during testing, an input power supply is boosted by a step-up transformer and rectified by a rectifying element to charge a capacitor, a discharging switch is closed to discharge to a loading coil through a cable after reaching a specified voltage, an induction coil and a bird bomb are launched together by utilizing electromagnetic repulsion force generated between the loading coil and the induction coil, after the induction coil is launched, a bird support connected with the coil and the bird bomb supported in the bird support are driven to fly together, the induction coil firstly impacts damping rubber at the left end of a combined type buffer mechanism when reaching an outlet of a gun barrel, the bird support is inserted into a cylindrical space in the center of the combined type buffer mechanism to limit the induction coil and the bird support to continuously move rightwards, and only the bird bomb is launched to impact a test piece to complete the test.
3. The electromagnetic loading based bird strike test device according to claim 1, wherein the two speed probes are both fixedly mounted on the outer side of the barrel, and a hole for speed measurement of the speed probes is formed in a connection position between the upper portion of the barrel and the speed probes.
4. The electromagnetic loading based bird strike test device according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the speed probe on the left side is positioned directly above the exit at the front end of the bird tray before launching, and the speed probe on the right side is positioned directly above the left end of the damping rubber after resetting.
5. The electromagnetic loading based bird strike test device of claim 1, wherein the loading coil is located at the left end of the barrel, and the bottom of the barrel is equidistantly spaced apart from a bracket.
6. The electromagnetic loading based bird strike test device of claim 1, wherein the induction coil is located at a left end within the barrel, and the induction coil is in clearance fit with an inner wall of the barrel.
7. The bird strike testing device based on electromagnetic loading according to claim 1, wherein a power supply system of the testing device is in an underdamped working state, that is, a formula is satisfied among a resistor R, an inductor L and a capacitor C after the power supply system is equivalent:
when the discharge switch is closed, the impact current provided by the power supply system meets the formula:
i(t)＝Ime(-δt)sin(ωt)
wherein, in the formula ImIn order to obtain the peak value of the surge current,
where Uc is the charging voltage across the capacitor.
8. The electromagnetic loading based bird strike testing device according to claim 1, wherein after the capacitance discharges, instantaneous current is generated inside the loading coil, further eddy current is induced in the induction coil, and the loading power obtained by the bird bomb comes from electromagnetic repulsion force generated between the loading coil and the induction coil, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, r in the formula1To load the coil radius, mu0Is vacuum magnetic conductivity, omega is damping resonance circle frequency, M is mutual inductance between two coils, N is number of turns of loading coil, alpha is distance between loading coil and induction coil, R is2、L2C, Uc are the capacitance and charging voltage, respectively, for the induction coil resistance and inductance, respectively.
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| CN202110299407.9A CN113049205A (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2021-03-22 | Bird collision test device based on electromagnetic loading |
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| CN113624443A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-11-09 | 西北工业大学 | Launching tube opening sealing device for underwater launching and mounting method |
| CN113983863A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-28 | 陕西大工旭航电磁科技有限公司 | Impact testing device and method based on electromagnetic loading |
| CN114486596A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-05-13 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Electromagnetic drive-based multidirectional high-speed small particle emitting device |
| CN114518235A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-05-20 | 陕西大工旭航电磁科技有限公司 | Head collision injury tester based on electromagnetic loading |
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| CN113624443B (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2024-05-10 | 西北工业大学 | Transmitting cylinder opening sealing device for underwater transmission and mounting method |
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| CN114486596A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-05-13 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Electromagnetic drive-based multidirectional high-speed small particle emitting device |
| CN114518235A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-05-20 | 陕西大工旭航电磁科技有限公司 | Head collision injury tester based on electromagnetic loading |
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