CN113045048A - 一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理*** - Google Patents
一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理*** Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于水处理技术领域,具体涉及一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***。所述处理***通过合理的设计反应***、沉淀***、过滤***、除油***、分离***、树脂软化***、纳滤膜分盐***、反渗透膜浓缩***、蒸发***以及氨氮吸附***等各***之间的连接关系及处理关系,够有效去除压裂返排液中的盐分和其他化学成分,产水可以达标回用,废液中的盐可以提取出来,作为工业盐出售,实现资源合理化利用,环境友好,并且***设备简单、可操作性强、运行成本降低,解决了页岩气压裂返排液回用时盐份和其它化学成分积聚所造成的生产成本升高和环境污染的问题,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水处理技术领域,具体涉及一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***。
背景技术
页岩气是一种以吸附、溶解、游离状态赋存于泥页岩中的清洁、低碳、非常规天然气资源。页岩气开发具有开采寿命长、产量高和生产周期长的优点,已成为全球油气资源勘探开发的新亮点。然而,作为最成熟的页岩气开采方法—水力压裂技术,因带来甲烷等温室气体释放、废水排放、地下水污染等环境问题,已经引起各国政府和民众的高度关注,其中,以水污染问题最令人堪忧。页岩气压裂返排液具有组成复杂、污染物浓度高、粘度大、乳化程度高和点多面广的特点,若直接外排会造成严重的环境污染和水资源浪费,同时处理难度大。事实上,在早期阶段返排水经过基本过滤及与淡水混合后,添加压裂化学剂后常常能够在一定的地质条件下使用多次,进而能够提高油气流。但是,积聚的盐水和其它化学成分仍需处理,因而高生产成本和环境污染的问题依然存在。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术问题,提供一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,所述处理***能够有效去除压裂返排液中的盐分和其他化学成分,且可实现废水中水和盐的资源化利用。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,包括以下步骤:
1)页岩气压裂返排液经过在废水收集池沉淀去除大粒径杂质后,上清液进入第一反应***的反应池,并通过混凝剂和絮凝剂加药装置将混凝剂和絮凝剂均匀的投加到第一反应***反应池中,通过机械搅拌装置和曝气***使其充分反应,经过15min反应停留时间后,反应池内料液输送至沉淀***中,经沉淀去除废水中的悬浮物;
2)沉淀***上清液再进入过滤***,进一步去除废水中的悬浮颗粒物或胶体等物质;
3)过滤***出水再进入杀菌***,对废水进行杀菌处理,达到压裂返排液回用的标准:
4)杀菌***出水进入除油***进行油水分离,去除水中的油类物质至达到后续进膜***的指标;
5)除油***出水再进入第二反应***的反应池,并通过软化药剂加药装置将软化药剂均匀的投加到第二反应***反应池中,通过机械搅拌装置和曝气***使其充分反应,经过30min反应停留时间后,反应池内料液输送至分离***中,进行固体与液体的分离;
6)分离***出水进入树脂软化***,进一步去除水中的硬度以及未反应沉淀的重金属离子;
7)树脂软化***出水进入纳滤膜分盐***进行一二价盐分离,膜淡水测富含一价盐,浓水测富含二价金属盐,膜淡水进入后续反渗透膜浓缩***进行再浓缩,膜浓水再返回至第二反应***,通过添加软化药剂的方式去除浓水中的重金属和被浓缩的有机物;
8)反渗透膜浓缩***对纳滤膜分盐***膜淡水进行浓缩减量得到浓缩液,反渗透膜浓缩***浓缩液进入辅助反渗透***进行进一步浓缩减量,最后浓缩辅助反渗透***的浓缩液至TDS≥140000mg/l,再进入蒸发***进行蒸发结晶;
9)辅助反渗透***配合设置有汲取液回收***,辅助反渗透***的淡水进入汲取液回收***,汲取液回收***的浓缩液回流至辅助反渗透***,汲取液回收***的淡水和反渗透膜浓缩***的淡水进入氨氮吸附***进行氨氮的脱除,达标后进行排放或回用。
优选的,步骤1)中所述的混凝剂为聚合硫酸铝、聚合氯化铝或聚合氯化铁中的任意一种或多种组合,加药量为30-50mg/L;絮凝剂为阴离子聚丙烯酰胺,加药量为1-3mg/L。
优选的,步骤2)中所述过滤***为砂滤、膜过滤的一种或多种组合。
优选的,步骤3)中所述杀菌***为臭氧杀菌、紫外杀菌、杀菌剂杀菌的一种或多种组合。
优选的,步骤4)中所述除油***为气浮除油、活性焦除油、活性炭除油、膜法除油的一种或多种组合。
优选的,步骤5)中所述软化药剂为熟石灰、氢氧化钠或碳酸钠的任意一种或多种组合;更优选的,控制第二***反应池pH为11-11.4;更优选的,熟石灰加药量为400-600mg/L,氢氧化钠加药量为500-1000mg/L,碳酸钠的加药量2000-3300mg/L。
优选的,步骤5)中所述分离***为沉淀池、管式膜的一种或多种组合。
优选的,步骤6)中所述树脂软化***为螯合树脂、弱酸性阳离子树脂的一种或多种组合。
优选的,步骤7)中所述纳滤膜分盐***为纳滤分盐、电渗析分盐的一种或多种组合;主要用于实现一二价盐的分离。
优选的,步骤8)中所述辅助反渗透***设有四个口,分别为进水口、浓水口、汲取液进水口和稀释的汲取液出口;利用汲取液来降低反渗透膜两端的渗透压,以提高反渗透***的浓缩倍率。
优选的,步骤8)中所述辅助反渗透***操作压力为60-80bar。
优选的,步骤8)中所述辅助反渗透***设置有汲取液,所述汲取液为盐类、有机高分子类的一种或多种组合;更优选的,所述汲取液为氯化钠、氯化镁、氯化钙或硫酸镁的一种或多种组合。
优选的,步骤9)中所述汲取液回收***是对辅助反渗透***中稀释的汲取液进行浓缩,并返回至辅助反渗透***。
本发明提供一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,与现有技术相比,具有如下优势:
(1)***设备简单,可操作性强;
(2)利用辅助反渗透***,有效降低反渗透膜两端渗透压,提高浓缩倍率,降低后续蒸发器的投资及运行成本;
(3)能够有效去除页岩气压裂返排液中的盐份和其它化学成分,产水可以达标回用,废液中的盐可以提取出来,作为工业盐出售,实现资源合理化利用,环境友好;
(4)解决了页岩气压裂返排液回用时盐份和其它化学成分积聚所造成的生产成本升高和环境污染的问题,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。
附图说明
图1是本发明的页岩气压裂返排液的处理***的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例,并结合附图,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的具体说明。
实施例:
在一个实施例中,所述页岩气压裂返排液的初始值如下表所示:
表1页岩气压裂返排液各成分初始值
一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,包括以下步骤:
1)页岩气压裂返排液经过在废水收集池沉淀去除大粒径杂质后,上清液进入第一反应***的反应池,并通过混凝剂和絮凝剂加药装置将混凝剂和絮凝剂均匀的投加到第一反应***反应池中,通过机械搅拌装置和曝气***使其充分反应,经过15min反应停留时间后,反应池内料液输送至沉淀***中,经沉淀去除废水中的悬浮物;
2)沉淀***上清液再进入过滤***,进一步去除废水中的悬浮颗粒物或胶体等物质;
3)过滤***出水再进入杀菌***,对废水进行杀菌处理,达到压裂返排液回用的标准:
4)杀菌***出水进入除油***进行油水分离,去除水中的油类物质至达到后续进膜***的指标;
5)除油***出水再进入第二反应***的反应池,并通过软化药剂加药装置将软化药剂均匀的投加到第二反应***反应池中,通过机械搅拌装置和曝气***使其充分反应,经过30min反应停留时间后,反应池内料液输送至分离***中,进行固体与液体的分离;
6)分离***出水进入树脂软化***,进一步去除水中的硬度以及未反应沉淀的重金属离子;
7)树脂软化***出水进入纳滤膜分盐***进行一二价盐分离,膜淡水测富含一价盐,浓水测富含二价金属盐,膜淡水进入后续反渗透膜浓缩***进行再浓缩,膜浓水再返回至第二反应***,通过添加软化药剂的方式去除浓水中的重金属和被浓缩的有机物;
8)反渗透膜浓缩***对纳滤膜分盐***膜淡水进行浓缩减量得到浓缩液,反渗透膜浓缩***浓缩液进入辅助反渗透***进行进一步浓缩减量,最后浓缩辅助反渗透***的浓缩液至TDS≥140000mg/l,再进入蒸发***进行蒸发结晶;
9)辅助反渗透***配合设置有汲取液回收***,辅助反渗透***的淡水进入汲取液回收***,汲取液回收***的浓缩液回流至辅助反渗透***,汲取液回收***的淡水和反渗透膜浓缩***的淡水进入氨氮吸附***进行氨氮的脱除,达标后进行排放或回用。
其中,步骤1)中所述的混凝剂为聚合硫酸铝,加药量为40mg/L;絮凝剂为阴离子聚丙烯酰胺,加药量为2mg/L。
步骤2)中所述过滤***为砂滤,页岩气压裂返排液经第一反应***、沉淀***、过滤***处理后,各数据如下表所示:
表2经第一反应***及沉淀过滤***处理后各成分数值
步骤3)中所述杀菌***为臭氧杀菌。
步骤4)中所述除油***为气浮除油,经杀菌***和除油***处理后,各数据如下表所示:
表3经杀菌***和除油***处理后各成分数值
步骤5)中所述软化药剂为熟石灰,加药量为500mg/L,第二反应***反应池pH为11;所述分离***为沉淀池。经第二反应***和分离***处理后,各数据如下表所示:
表4经第二反应***和分离***处理后各成分数值
步骤6)中所述树脂软化***为螯合树脂,经树脂软化***处理后,各数据如下表所示:
表5经树脂软化***处理后各成分数值
步骤7)中所述纳滤膜分盐***为纳滤分盐,经纳滤膜分盐***处理后,各数据如下表所示:
表6经纳滤膜分盐***处理后各成分数值
步骤8)中经反渗透膜浓缩***处理后,各数据如下表所示:
表7经反渗透膜浓缩***处理后各成分数值
步骤8)中所述辅助反渗透***设有四个口,分别为进水口、浓水口、汲取液进水口和稀释的汲取液出口;利用汲取液来降低反渗透膜两端的渗透压,以提高反渗透***的浓缩倍率;其中汲取液为氯化钠;辅助反渗透***操作压力为60-80bar,经辅助反渗透***处理后,各数据如下表所示:
表8经辅助反渗透***处理后各成分数值
步骤8)中经蒸发***处理后,各数据如下表所示:
表9经蒸发***处理后各成分数值
步骤9)中经氨氮吸附***处理后,各数据如下表所示:
表10经氨氮吸附***处理后各成分数值
综上所述,页岩气压裂返排液经过上述处理***处理后,各数据如下表所示:
表11页岩气压裂返排液经处理***处理后各成分数值
在一个实施例中,步骤1)中所述的混凝剂为聚合硫酸铝、聚合氯化铝或聚合氯化铁中的任意一种或多种组合,加药量为30-50mg/L,絮凝剂为阴离子聚丙烯酰胺,加药量为1-3mg/L。
在一个实施例中,步骤2)中所述过滤***为砂滤、膜过滤的一种或多种组合。
在一个实施例中,步骤3)中所述杀菌***为臭氧杀菌、紫外杀菌、杀菌剂杀菌的一种或多种组合。
在一个实施例中,步骤4)中所述除油***为气浮除油、活性焦除油、活性炭除油、膜法除油的一种或多种组合。
在一个实施例中,步骤5)中控制第二***反应池pH为11-11.4,所述软化药剂为熟石灰,加药量为400-600mg/L,或软化药剂为氢氧化钠,加药量为500-1000mg/L,或软化药剂为碳酸钠,加药量2000-3300mg/L。
在一个实施例中,步骤5)中所述分离***为沉淀池、管式膜的一种或多种组合。
在一个实施例中,步骤6)中所述树脂软化***为螯合树脂、弱酸性阳离子树脂的一种或多种组合。
在一个实施例中,步骤7)中所述纳滤膜分盐***为纳滤分盐、电渗析分盐的一种或多种组合。
在一个实施例中,步骤8)中所述汲取液为氯化钠、氯化镁、氯化钙或硫酸镁的一种或多种组合。
在一个实施例中,步骤8)中辅助反渗透***的进水口经高压泵泵入TDS 70000mg/L的废水,压力为66bar,同时汲取液进水口泵入浓度为90000mg/L的NaCl溶液,随后浓水口出水为TDS 140000mg/L的浓水,稀释的汲取液出口出水浓度为52000mg/L的NaCl溶液,该稀释的汲取液再经汲取液回收***浓缩至浓度为90000mg/L后再返回辅助反渗透***的汲取液进水口处,进行循环。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的较佳方案,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (10)
1.一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)页岩气压裂返排液经过在废水收集池沉淀去除大粒径杂质后,上清液进入第一反应***的反应池,并通过混凝剂和絮凝剂加药装置将混凝剂和絮凝剂均匀的投加到第一反应***反应池中,通过机械搅拌装置和曝气***使其充分反应,经过15min反应停留时间后,反应池内料液输送至沉淀***中,经沉淀去除废水中的悬浮物;
2)沉淀***上清液再进入过滤***,进一步去除废水中的悬浮颗粒物或胶体物质:
3)过滤***出水再进入杀菌***,进行杀菌处理;
4)杀菌***出水进入除油***进行油水分离,去除水中的油类物质;
5)除油***出水再进入第二反应***的反应池,并通过软化药剂加药装置将软化药剂均匀的投加到第二反应***反应池中,通过机械搅拌装置和曝气***使其充分反应,经过30min反应停留时间后,反应池内料液输送至分离***中,进行固体与液体的分离;
6)分离***出水进入树脂软化***,进一步去除水中的硬度以及未反应沉淀的重金属离子;
7)树脂软化***出水进入纳滤膜分盐***,膜淡水进入后续反渗透膜浓缩***进行再浓缩;
8)反渗透膜浓缩***对纳滤膜分盐***膜淡水进行浓缩减量,反渗透膜浓缩***浓缩液进入辅助反渗透***进行进一步浓缩减量,最后浓缩辅助反渗透***的浓缩液至TDS≥140000mg/l,再进入蒸发***进行蒸发结晶;
9)辅助反渗透***配合设置有汲取液回收***,辅助反渗透***的淡水进入汲取液回收***,汲取液回收***的浓缩液回流至辅助反渗透***,汲取液回收***的淡水和反渗透膜浓缩***的淡水进入氨氮吸附***进行氨氮的脱除后,进行排放或回用。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,其特征在于,步骤2)中所述过滤***为砂滤、膜过滤的一种或多种组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,其特征在于,步骤3)中所述杀菌***为臭氧杀菌、紫外杀菌、杀菌剂杀菌的一种或多种组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,其特征在于,步骤4)中所述除油***为气浮除油、活性焦除油、活性炭除油、膜法除油的一种或多种组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,其特征在于,步骤5)中所述分离***为沉淀池、管式膜的一种或多种组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,其特征在于,步骤6)中所述树脂软化***为螯合树脂、弱酸性阳离子树脂的一种或多种组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,其特征在于,步骤7)中所述纳滤膜分盐***为纳滤分盐、电渗析分盐的一种或多种组合。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,其特征在于,步骤8)中所述辅助反渗透***设有四个口,分别为进水口、浓水口、汲取液进水口和稀释的汲取液出口。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,其特征在于,步骤8)中所述辅助反渗透***操作压力为60-80bar。
10.根据权利要求1所述一种页岩气压裂返排液的处理***,其特征在于,步骤9)中所述汲取液回收***为盐类、有机高分子类的一种或多种组合。
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