CN113044899A - Phase-change heat storage type interface photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination device and seawater desalination method - Google Patents

Phase-change heat storage type interface photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination device and seawater desalination method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113044899A
CN113044899A CN202110333876.8A CN202110333876A CN113044899A CN 113044899 A CN113044899 A CN 113044899A CN 202110333876 A CN202110333876 A CN 202110333876A CN 113044899 A CN113044899 A CN 113044899A
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phase
heat storage
change
seawater desalination
change heat
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CN113044899B (en
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敬登伟
皮豪杰
许恒瑞
赵昊城
杨松
杨月宝
邓坤瑜
梁鸽
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a phase-change heat storage type interface photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination device and a seawater desalination method, wherein the device comprises a transparent cover, a phase-change heat storage unit, an interface photo-thermal evaporation unit and a device base; the transparent cover and the device base are connected to form a closed space, and the phase-change heat storage unit and the interface photo-thermal evaporation unit are arranged in the closed space; the interface photo-thermal evaporation unit comprises a water absorption column and a mounting seat, the water absorption column is arranged on the device base through the mounting seat, and an inner hole of the mounting seat is communicated with the seawater injection port; the top of the water absorption column is provided with a solar evaporation surface; the phase-change heat storage unit comprises a phase-change heat storage device and a support, the phase-change heat storage device is arranged on the device base through the support, the phase-change heat storage device comprises a shell and a phase-change heat storage material arranged in the shell, and the shell at least comprises a heat absorption surface and a heat conduction surface. The invention improves the utilization of sunlight by various means, prolongs the time of seawater desalination and further greatly improves the efficiency of seawater desalination.

Description

Phase-change heat storage type interface photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination device and seawater desalination method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of seawater desalination devices, and particularly relates to a phase-change heat storage type interface photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination device and a seawater desalination method.
Background
Seawater desalination is an effective means for increasing water resource from the source, and is an important supplement and strategic reserve of coastal water resources. The strategy selection of seawater desalination for solving the shortage of water resources is a necessary requirement for ensuring national safety and sustainable development.
The existing seawater desalination methods mainly comprise a distillation method, a reverse osmosis method, an electrodialysis method and the like, and the solar seawater desalination has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness and the like, is a clean and portable water treatment technology, and the interface photothermal conversion technology which is raised in recent years further promotes the development of the solar seawater desalination.
The heat transfer process of an interfacial solar evaporation device is generally as follows. Firstly, the heat absorption surface absorbs the radiation of sunlight and converts the radiation into heat energy, and then the heat energy is transferred to the evaporation surface and the water body through heat transfer. In addition, the evaporation of water vapor at the evaporation surface carries latent heat of vaporization and dissipates heat in the form of convection with the surrounding air. Besides, the heat absorption surface temperature is increased, and the power of the outward heat radiation is not negligible.
However, the existing interface photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination device mainly absorbs solar energy in daytime to desalinate seawater, and cannot realize continuous work. The water mist generated in the process of seawater desalination can cover the glass cover, thereby influencing the absorption and utilization of solar energy by the solar evaporation surface.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination cannot work continuously in the prior art, the first object of the invention is to provide a phase-change heat storage type interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination device, which improves the absorption of the seawater desalination device on solar energy and the water yield by changing the structure of the device and adding required materials on the basis of the existing interface photothermal augmented seawater desalination device.
The second purpose is to provide a seawater desalination method of the phase-change heat storage type interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination device.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
A phase-change heat storage type interface photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination device comprises a transparent cover, a phase-change heat storage unit, an interface photo-thermal evaporation unit and a device base;
the transparent cover and the device base are connected to form a closed space, and the phase-change heat storage unit and the interface photo-thermal evaporation unit are arranged in the closed space; the device base is provided with a seawater injection port and a fresh water collecting port, and the fresh water collecting port is arranged close to the inner wall of the transparent cover;
the interface photo-thermal evaporation unit comprises a water absorption column and a mounting seat, the water absorption column is arranged on the device base through the mounting seat, and an inner hole of the mounting seat is communicated with the seawater injection port; the top of the water absorption column is provided with a solar evaporation surface;
the phase-change heat storage unit comprises a phase-change heat storage device and a support, the phase-change heat storage device is arranged on the device base through the support, the phase-change heat storage device comprises a shell and a phase-change heat storage material arranged in the shell, and the shell at least comprises a heat absorption surface and a heat conduction surface.
The further improvement of the invention is that the phase-change heat storage material is Na2HPO4·12H2O, the phase transition temperature is 35-45 ℃, and the heat release is 279.6 KJ/Kg.
As a further development of the invention the solar evaporation surface is a curved surface in the shape of a sine function.
As a further development of the invention, the housing has a central opening in which the suction column is arranged.
As a further improvement of the invention, the shell is of a circular ring structure, the top part is a heat absorbing surface, and the rest part is a heat conducting surface; the heat absorbing surface is made of a light-transmitting material, and the heat conducting surface is made of a heat conducting material.
As a further improvement of the invention, the light-transmitting material is glass or transparent resin, and the heat-conducting material is copper or aluminum.
As a further improvement of the invention, the water absorption column is a sponge column or a water absorption resin body.
As a further improvement of the invention, the inner wall of the transparent cover is provided with an antifogging coating film.
As a further improvement of the invention, the bottom of the mounting seat is provided with a water collecting groove which is intersected and communicated with an inner hole of the mounting seat.
A seawater desalination method of a phase-change heat storage type interface photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the light and heat acts on the solar evaporation surface in the interface light and heat evaporation unit, the solar evaporation surface is heated to change the seawater on the surface from liquid state to gaseous state, the gaseous seawater is diffused in the transparent cover, the gaseous seawater is liquefied into water when meeting the transparent cover, and flows into the device base 5 along with the transparent cover to be discharged; the water absorption column absorbs seawater and enters the solar evaporation surface to continuously carry out interface evaporation seawater desalination;
when the temperature is higher than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change heat storage material in the phase-change heat storage unit, the phase-change heat storage material absorbs heat, the solid is changed into the liquid, and the heat is stored;
when the temperature is lower than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change heat storage material, the phase-change heat storage material is changed from a liquid state to a solid state, heat is released and absorbed by the solar evaporation surface, and the seawater desalination of the interface evaporation is continued.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination device based on the phase-change heat storage type is provided with a phase-change heat storage unit and an interface photothermal evaporation unit, wherein the phase-change heat storage part absorbs sunlight by a phase-change heat storage material in the daytime, and the phase-change heat storage material is changed from a solid state to a liquid state to store heat. At night, the temperature is lower than the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material, the phase change heat storage material is changed from a liquid state to a solid state, and heat is released and absorbed by the solar evaporation surface. The phase-change heat storage part is composed of a phase-change heat storage material and a phase-change heat storage device, the upper plane of the phase-change heat storage device is made of glass, sunlight can be absorbed conveniently in the daytime, heat can be stored, the two sides and the bottom of the phase-change heat storage device are made of copper, heat stored by the phase-change heat storage material can be conducted out quickly conveniently at night, and therefore the continuous operation of seawater desalination is achieved.
Drawings
The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. In addition, the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members in the drawings are merely schematic for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and do not specifically limit the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members of the present invention. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of the teachings of this invention, may choose from the various possible shapes and proportional sizes to implement the invention as a matter of case. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the interior of an interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a phase change heat storage device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cotton core according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a transparent cover in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a wick mount according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a base of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein:
1. a transparent cover;
2. a phase change heat storage device; 2-1, a pillar; 2-2 glass surface; 2-3, copper sheet;
3. a cotton core; 3-1, solar evaporation surface;
4. a cotton core mounting seat; 4-1, a water collecting tank;
5. a device base; 5-1, and a support column hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not a whole embodiment. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a single embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The invention relates to a phase-change heat storage type interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination device which comprises a transparent cover, a phase-change heat storage unit, an interface photothermal evaporation unit and a device base, wherein the transparent cover is arranged on the transparent cover;
the transparent cover and the device base are connected to form a closed space, and the phase-change heat storage unit and the interface photo-thermal evaporation unit are arranged in the closed space; the device base is provided with a seawater injection port and a fresh water collecting port, and the fresh water collecting port is arranged close to the inner wall of the transparent cover;
the interface photo-thermal evaporation unit comprises a water absorption column and a mounting seat, the water absorption column is arranged on the device base through the mounting seat, and an inner hole of the mounting seat is communicated with the seawater injection port; the top of the water absorption column is provided with a solar evaporation surface;
the phase-change heat storage unit comprises a phase-change heat storage device and a support, the phase-change heat storage device is arranged on the device base through the support, the phase-change heat storage device comprises a shell and a phase-change heat storage material arranged in the shell, and the shell at least comprises a heat absorption surface and a heat conduction surface.
As a preferred embodiment, the housing has a central bore in which the water-absorbing column is disposed. Specifically, the shell is of a circular ring structure, the top of the shell is a heat absorption surface, and the rest of the shell is a heat conduction surface; the heat absorbing surface is made of a light-transmitting material, and the heat conducting surface is made of a heat conducting material.
Preferably, the light-transmitting material is glass or transparent resin or other transparent material, and the heat-conducting material is copper or aluminum or other heat-conducting material.
The invention selects the water absorption column as a sponge column or a water absorption resin body.
The invention also provides a phase-change heat storage type interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination method, which comprises the following steps:
when the light and heat acts on the solar evaporation surface in the interface light and heat evaporation unit, the solar evaporation surface is heated to change the seawater on the surface from liquid state to gaseous state, the gaseous seawater is diffused in the transparent cover, the gaseous seawater is liquefied into water when meeting the transparent cover, and flows into the device base 5 along with the transparent cover to be discharged; the water absorption column absorbs seawater and enters the solar evaporation surface to continuously carry out interface evaporation seawater desalination;
when the temperature is higher than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change heat storage material in the phase-change heat storage unit, the phase-change heat storage material absorbs heat, the solid is changed into the liquid, and the heat is stored;
when the temperature is lower than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change heat storage material, the phase-change heat storage material is changed from a liquid state to a solid state, heat is released and absorbed by the solar evaporation surface, and the seawater desalination of the interface evaporation is continued.
The following will be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in an embodiment of the invention: the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described as follows: it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention;
examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination device based on phase change heat storage of the present invention comprises a glass cover 1, a phase change heat storage unit, a cotton core 3, a cotton core mounting seat 4, and a device base 5;
specifically, a cotton core mounting seat 4 is arranged on a device base 5, a cotton core 3 is arranged on the cotton core mounting seat 4, and a solar evaporation surface 3-1 is formed at the top of the cotton core 3.
The phase-change heat storage unit comprises a phase-change heat storage device support 2-1 and a phase-change heat storage device 2, the phase-change heat storage device 2 comprises a shell and a phase-change heat storage material arranged in the shell, the shell at least comprises a heat absorption surface and a heat conduction surface, the heat absorption surface is a glass surface 2-2, and the heat conduction surface is a copper sheet 2-3.
The phase-change heat storage unit is characterized in that the phase-change heat storage material absorbs sunlight in the daytime, and the phase-change heat storage material in the phase-change heat storage unit is changed into a liquid state from a solid state to store heat. At night, the temperature is lower than the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material, the phase change heat storage material is changed from a liquid state to a solid state, heat is released and absorbed by the solar evaporation surface 3-1, and therefore seawater desalination of interface evaporation can still be carried out at night.
The fog phenomenon on the outer cover glass cover 1 is serious in the seawater evaporation experiment, so that the transmittance of glass is influenced, and the heat evaporation surface is not beneficial to fully absorbing sunlight; in order to solve the problem of fogging of the inner wall of the transparent cover 1, an antifogging coating film with super-hydrophilic performance is sprayed inside the glass cover 1, water molecules cannot form water drops on the surface but form a uniform water film, so that the fog degree cannot be formed on the surface, and the influence of the water fog on the sunlight absorption of the solar evaporation surface 3-1 is greatly reduced.
The cotton core 3 stores the adsorbed water in the cotton core 3 as a water storage reservoir;
the bottom of the mounting seat 4 is provided with a water collecting tank 4-1, and the water collecting tank 4-1 is intersected and communicated with an inner hole of the mounting seat.
Further, the phase-change heat storage part is composed of a phase-change heat storage material and a phase-change heat storage device 2, the upper plane of the phase-change heat storage device 2 is made of glass, so that sunlight can be absorbed conveniently in the daytime, heat can be stored conveniently, and the two sides and the bottom of the phase-change heat storage device are made of copper, so that heat stored by the phase-change heat storage material can be conducted out quickly at night;
further, the phase-change heat storage material is Na2HPO4·12H2O, the phase transition temperature is 35-45 ℃, and the heat release is 279.6 KJ/Kg. The phase-change heat storage material has a relatively proper phase-change temperature and a relatively large heat value, so that the efficiency of seawater desalination can be improved.
Further, the antifogging coating film for a glass fogging portion cannot form a haze on the surface because the coating film has super-hydrophilic properties and water molecules cannot form water droplets on the surface but form a uniform water film.
Further, the introduction of a cold evaporation surface between the hot evaporation surface and the water surface allows energy to be extracted from the water, allowing the heat conduction losses to be eliminated or even reversed. When the cold evaporation surface is low in height, heat is transferred from the hot evaporation surface to the water body; after the cold evaporation surface is increased to a certain height, the energy transfer direction begins to reverse, and heat is absorbed from the water body;
further, the solar evaporation surface 3-1 is of a corrugated structure, preferably, the solar evaporation surface 3-1 is a sine function-shaped curved surface, and the sine function heat absorption plate can increase the heat collection area and is beneficial to improving the heat collection efficiency.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
firstly, injecting seawater into the cotton core 3 through the device base 5, wherein sunlight is absorbed by the solar evaporation surface 3-1 in the daytime, the seawater in the cotton core 3 is transported to the upper end from the lower end due to the cotton absorption effect of the cotton core 3, the seawater is changed into a gaseous state from a liquid state under the action of the sunlight, and the gaseous seawater is diffused in the transparent cover 1;
the gaseous seawater is liquefied into water when meeting the transparent cover 1, flows down along the transparent cover 1 and flows out of the base 5 of the device;
when the gaseous seawater flows downwards along the transparent cover 1, the absorption of the solar evaporation surface 3-1 to sunlight can be influenced, and at the moment, antifogging mist is sprayed into the transparent cover 1, the light transmittance of the antifogging mist can reach 91 percent, so that the influence of the water mist on the solar evaporation surface 3-1 to absorb the sunlight can be greatly reduced;
the upper plane of the phase-change heat storage device 2 is a transparent cover 1 which can be penetrated by sunlight, the phase-change heat storage material can absorb the sunlight in the daytime, the phase-change heat storage material is converted from a solid state into a liquid state, and the energy in the sunlight is stored in the phase-change heat storage material;
at night, when the temperature is lower than the phase-change temperature, the phase-change heat storage material is changed from a liquid state to a solid state, the energy stored by the phase-change heat storage material is quickly guided out through the copper sheet on the lower half part of the phase-change heat storage device 2, the guided heat is absorbed by the solar evaporation surface 3-1, and the device continues seawater desalination. The seawater desalination is carried out at night through phase change heat storage, so that the efficiency of interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination is improved.
The seawater desalination method based on the seawater desalination device comprises the following steps:
the phase-change heat storage part absorbs sunlight by the phase-change heat storage material in the daytime, and the phase-change heat storage material is changed from a solid state to a liquid state to store heat. At night, the temperature is lower than the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material, the phase change heat storage material is changed from a liquid state to a solid state, heat is released, and the heat is absorbed by the solar evaporation surface 3-1. The phase-change heat storage part is composed of a phase-change heat storage material and a phase-change heat storage device 2, the upper plane of the phase-change heat storage device 2 is made of glass, sunlight can be absorbed conveniently in the daytime, heat can be stored conveniently, the two sides and the bottom of the phase-change heat storage device are made of copper, and heat stored by the phase-change heat storage material can be conducted out quickly at night conveniently.
The cotton core 3 stores the absorbed water in the cotton core 3 as a water storage tank. The cotton core 3 has cotton absorption function and can transport the water inside to the solar evaporation surface 3-1 from the bottom end.
The invention adopts the phase-change heat storage technology to ensure that the seawater desalination can still be carried out at night. The phase change heat storage device 2 adopts a circular ring structure, the upper plane is made of glass, copper sheets are arranged on the two sides and the bottom of the circular ring structure, sunlight can be absorbed in the daytime, and heat is rapidly conducted out through the copper sheets at night. Na is selected as the phase-change heat storage material2HPO4·12H2O, having a more suitable phaseAnd the temperature is changed, and the calorific value is larger.
The solar evaporation surface 3-1 is in a sine function shape, and the sine function heat absorption plate can increase the heat collection area and is beneficial to improving the heat collection efficiency. The antifogging coating is used for solving the influence of water mist in the glass cover 1 on the sunlight absorption of the solar evaporation surface 3-1.
The invention is a technology which needs to utilize sunlight to desalt seawater in daytime and at night and has higher efficiency. The interface photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination device based on the phase-change heat storage type comprises a phase-change heat storage part, a purification glass fogging part and a cotton core part. The phase-change heat storage part is composed of a phase-change heat storage material and a phase-change heat storage device, the phase-change heat storage material is arranged in the phase-change device, the phase-change heat storage material absorbs sunlight in the daytime and stores heat, and the heat is released at night and is absorbed and utilized by the solar evaporation surface 3-1. As the fog phenomenon on the outer cover glass cover 1 is serious during the seawater evaporation experiment, the transmittance of the glass is influenced, the antifogging mist is sprayed inside the glass cover 1, the transmittance of the antifogging mist can reach 91 percent, and the influence of the water fog on the solar evaporation surface 3-1 to absorb sunlight can be greatly reduced. The cotton core 3 stores the absorbed water in the cotton core 3 as a water storage reservoir, and the water can be transported to the solar evaporation surface 3-1 from the end due to the cotton absorption effect. The invention improves the utilization of sunlight by various means, prolongs the time of seawater desalination and further greatly improves the efficiency of seawater desalination.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and for distinguishing similar objects, and no precedence between the two is considered as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many embodiments and many applications other than the examples provided would be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The scope of the present teachings should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but should instead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The omission in the foregoing claims of any aspect of subject matter that is disclosed herein is not intended to forego such subject matter, nor should the applicant consider that such subject matter is not considered part of the disclosed subject matter.

Claims (10)

1. A phase-change heat storage type interface photo-thermal evaporation seawater desalination device is characterized by comprising a transparent cover, a phase-change heat storage unit, an interface photo-thermal evaporation unit and a device base;
the transparent cover and the device base are connected to form a closed space, and the phase-change heat storage unit and the interface photo-thermal evaporation unit are arranged in the closed space; the device base is provided with a seawater injection port and a fresh water collecting port, and the fresh water collecting port is arranged close to the inner wall of the transparent cover;
the interface photo-thermal evaporation unit comprises a water absorption column and a mounting seat, the water absorption column is arranged on the device base through the mounting seat, and an inner hole of the mounting seat is communicated with the seawater injection port; the top of the water absorption column is provided with a solar evaporation surface;
the phase-change heat storage unit comprises a phase-change heat storage device and a support, the phase-change heat storage device is arranged on the device base through the support, the phase-change heat storage device comprises a shell and a phase-change heat storage material arranged in the shell, and the shell at least comprises a heat absorption surface and a heat conduction surface.
2. The phase-change thermal storage type interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination device of claim 1, wherein the phase-change thermal storage material is Na2HPO4·12H2O, the phase transition temperature is 35-45 ℃, and the heat release is 279.6 KJ/Kg.
3. The phase-change thermal storage type interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination device of claim 1, wherein the solar evaporation surface is a sine function-like curved surface.
4. The phase-change thermal storage type interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination device of claim 1, wherein the housing has a central hole, and the water absorption column is disposed in the central hole.
5. The phase-change thermal storage type interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination device of claim 1, wherein the shell is of a circular ring structure, the top part is a heat absorbing surface, and the rest part is a heat conducting surface; the heat absorbing surface is made of a light-transmitting material, and the heat conducting surface is made of a heat conducting material.
6. The phase-change thermal storage type interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination device of claim 5, wherein the light-transmitting material is glass or transparent resin, and the heat-conducting material is copper or aluminum.
7. The phase-change thermal storage type interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination device of claim 1, wherein the water absorption column is a sponge column or a water absorption resin body.
8. The phase-change thermal storage type interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the transparent cover is provided with an antifogging coating.
9. The phase-change thermal storage type interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom of the mounting seat is provided with a water collecting tank, and the water collecting tank intersects with and is communicated with the inner hole of the mounting seat.
10. The seawater desalination method of any one of the phase-change thermal storage type interface photothermal evaporation seawater desalination devices of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
when the light and heat acts on the solar evaporation surface in the interface light and heat evaporation unit, the solar evaporation surface is heated to change the seawater on the surface from liquid state to gaseous state, the gaseous seawater is diffused in the transparent cover, and the gaseous seawater is liquefied into water when meeting the transparent cover and flows into the base of the device to be discharged by attaching to the transparent cover; the water absorption column absorbs seawater and enters the solar evaporation surface to continuously carry out interface evaporation seawater desalination;
when the temperature is higher than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change heat storage material in the phase-change heat storage unit, the phase-change heat storage material absorbs heat, the solid is changed into the liquid, and the heat is stored;
when the temperature is lower than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change heat storage material, the phase-change heat storage material is changed from a liquid state to a solid state, heat is released and absorbed by the solar evaporation surface, and the seawater desalination of the interface evaporation is continued.
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