CN113044883A - Preparation method of three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide electrode material - Google Patents

Preparation method of three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide electrode material Download PDF

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CN113044883A
CN113044883A CN202110277837.0A CN202110277837A CN113044883A CN 113044883 A CN113044883 A CN 113044883A CN 202110277837 A CN202110277837 A CN 202110277837A CN 113044883 A CN113044883 A CN 113044883A
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黄剑锋
罗晓敏
曹丽云
李嘉胤
王瑜航
魏世英
李心诚
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide electrode material, which comprises the following steps: respectively dissolving tungsten hexachloride and methylimidazole in methanol solution, mixing the two solutions, standing and collecting light blue precipitate. Dispersing the precipitate in an ethanol solution, adding thioacetamide, stirring, transferring to a hydrothermal kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction, wherein the solvothermal temperature is controlled to be 180-240 ℃, and the reaction time is 12-72 hours; after the reaction is finished, washing and freeze-drying a reaction product to obtain a black three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide material; the obtained electrode material has good structural stability and higher capacity.

Description

Preparation method of three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide electrode material
Technical Field
The present invention relates to WS2The technical field of nano material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide electrode materialThe method is carried out.
Background
The two-dimensional transition metal sulfide is of a layered structure and exists in a form of X-M-X, and chalcogen element atoms are separated by transition metal atoms to form a sandwich structure to isolate the two-dimensional transition metal sulfide in two hexagonal space layered structures. The overall structure of the two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenide is a quadrangle or a hexagon. WS2As a transition metal chalcogenide, the transition metal chalcogenide has a hexagonal phase graphene-like laminated structure and large interlayer spacing
Figure BDA0002977343320000011
The unique layered structure and the larger interlayer distance are beneficial to the intercalation and deintercalation of sodium ions, and are potential sodium ion battery negative electrode materials. But the material has a larger volume expansion problem in the charging and discharging process, so that the cycling stability of the material is poor. And the material itself has poor conductivity, which is not conducive to electron transport. At present, the common solution to the problem of volume expansion is to synthesize a composite material using carbon as a matrix, relieve the stress generated in the volume expansion process, and enhance the conductivity of the material.
According to literature reports, the electrochemical stability of the composite material can be effectively improved by synthesizing the composite material with the carbon material as the matrix. The carbon material is beneficial to electron transmission, and can relieve stress generated by volume expansion of the electrode material in the charge-discharge process and prevent particle agglomeration. But due to the lower theoretical capacity of carbon, compounding it results in a reduction in its overall capacity. Therefore, it is a matter of consideration that how to improve the structural stability of the material itself, and thus the electrochemical performance, is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an embroidered spherical WS with good structural stability and higher capacity2A preparation method of the electrode material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps: adding 0.3965-1.965 g of methylimidazole into 20-100 mL of methanol solvent, and stirring and dissolving to obtain a solution A;
step two: adding 0.793-3.96 g of tungsten hexachloride into 20-100 mL of methanol solvent to ensure that the molar concentration of the tungsten hexachloride is 0.1mlo/L, and stirring until the tungsten hexachloride is dissolved to obtain a solution B;
step three: pouring the solution B into the solution A to obtain a mixed solution C, stirring until the mixed solution C becomes a blue turbid solution, and standing for 12-72 hours;
step four: centrifugally washing the blue turbid liquid to obtain a blue precursor;
step five: dispersing the precursor in an ethanol solvent, and then adding 0.7511-3.75 g of thioacetamide for stirring; transferring the solution into a hydrothermal kettle, sealing the hydrothermal kettle, putting the hydrothermal kettle into a homogeneous reaction instrument, controlling the solvothermal temperature to be 180-240 ℃, reacting for 12-72 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished;
step six: opening the reaction kettle, taking out a product, repeatedly washing the product by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in sequence, centrifugally separating the product, and drying the product in a freeze dryer with the temperature of-40 to-70 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 10 to 40Pa for 8 to 12 hours to obtain the black embroidered spherical WS2A material.
The volume ratio of the methanol solution obtained in the step 1 and the step 2 is 1: 1.
the mass ratio of the tungsten hexachloride to the methylimidazole added in the step 3 is 2: 1.
and 4, after the centrifugal washing in the step 4, washing for 3 times by using deionized water, and then, centrifugally washing for 3 times by using ethanol.
The molar ratio of thioacetamide to tungsten hexachloride in the step 5 is 5: 1.
the stirring time of the step 5 is 10-60 min.
The filling ratio of the step 5 is controlled to be 30-60%.
And 6, repeating the washing for 4-6 times.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention obtains the product by simple normal temperature liquid phase synthesis method and oxidation of methylimidazole and tungsten hexachloride in methanol solutionObtaining tungsten trioxide with uniform appearance and small size, and then further obtaining WS by liquid phase vulcanization2. In the process, the uniform morphology and the small size of the tungsten trioxide are ensured, so that the hydrangeal tungsten disulfide with uniform size is formed. The electrode material has a large specific surface area, and is favorable for the infiltration of electrolyte and the transmission of ions in the charge and discharge process when being used as an electrode material. And a large number of gaps exist in the self-assembled three-dimensional embroidered spherical structure, so that the volume expansion of the electrode material in the charging and discharging processes can be effectively relieved, and the good structural stability is kept. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, the process parameters are easy to control, the application range is wide, the reaction time is greatly shortened, the reaction efficiency is improved, the repeatability is high, and the yield is high.
The three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide material prepared by the invention has uniform appearance, high electrochemical performance and stability and great application prospect in the application of sodium ion battery cathodes.
Drawings
Figure 1 is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the three-dimensionally embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide material prepared in example 3.
FIG. 2 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photograph of the embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide material prepared in example 3, wherein (a) is 20K, and (b) is 50K.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the cycle performance and the rate performance of (a) the three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide material prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The invention relates to a three-dimensional embroidered spherical WS2A method of making a material comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: adding 0.3965-1.965 g of methylimidazole into 20-100 mL of methanol solvent, and stirring and dissolving to obtain a solution A;
step two: adding 0.793-3.96 g of tungsten hexachloride into 20-100 mL of methanol solvent to ensure that the molar concentration of the tungsten hexachloride is 0.1mlo/L, and stirring until the tungsten hexachloride is dissolved to obtain a solution B;
wherein the volume ratio of the methanol solution obtained in the step 1 and the step 2 is 1: 1;
step three: pouring the solution B into the solution A to obtain a mixed solution C (wherein the mass ratio of the added tungsten hexachloride to the methylimidazole is 2: 1), stirring until the mixed solution C becomes a blue turbid solution, and standing for 12-72 hours;
step four: washing the blue turbid liquid by using deionized water for 3 times after centrifugal washing, and then washing by using ethanol for 3 times to obtain a blue precursor;
step five: dispersing the precursor in an ethanol solvent, adding 0.7511-3.75 g of thioacetamide (the molar ratio of thioacetamide to tungsten hexachloride is 5: 1), and stirring for 10-60 min; transferring the solution into a hydrothermal kettle, controlling the filling ratio to be 30-60%, then sealing the hydrothermal kettle, putting the hydrothermal kettle into a homogeneous reaction instrument, controlling the solvothermal temperature to be 180-240 ℃, reacting for 12-72 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished;
step six: opening the reaction kettle, taking out a product, repeatedly washing the product for 4-6 times by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in sequence, centrifugally separating the product, and drying the product in a freeze dryer with the vacuum degree of 10-40 Pa for 8-12 h at the temperature of-40 to-70 ℃ to obtain the black embroidered spherical WS2A material.
Example 1:
the method comprises the following steps: 0.3965g of methylimidazole is added into 20mL of methanol solvent, and the mixture is stirred until the mixture is dissolved to obtain a clear and transparent solution A;
step two: adding 0.793g of tungsten hexachloride into 20mL of methanol solvent so that the molar concentration of the tungsten hexachloride is 0.1mlo/L, and stirring until the tungsten hexachloride is dissolved to obtain a clear yellow solution B;
step three: and pouring the solution B into the solution A to obtain a mixed solution C, stirring until the mixed solution C becomes a blue turbid solution, and standing for 24 hours.
Step four: centrifugally washing the blue turbid liquid, washing the blue turbid liquid for 3 times by deionized water, and then washing the blue turbid liquid for 3 times by ethanol to obtain a blue precursor;
step five: the precursor was dispersed in ethanol solvent and 0.7511g of thioacetamide was added so that the molar ratio of thioacetamide to tungsten hexachloride was 5: 1, stirring for 10 min; transferring the mixture into a hydrothermal kettle, controlling the filling ratio to be 30%, then sealing the hydrothermal kettle, putting the hydrothermal kettle into a homogeneous reaction instrument, controlling the solvothermal temperature to be 180 ℃, reacting for 12 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished.
Step six: and opening the reaction kettle, taking out the product, sequentially washing by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, carrying out centrifugal separation, repeatedly washing for 4 times, and drying in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-40 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 10Pa for 8 hours to obtain the black three-dimensional hydrangeal tungsten disulfide material.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: adding 1.965g of methylimidazole into 100mL of methanol solvent, and stirring until the methylimidazole is dissolved to obtain a clear and transparent solution A;
step two: adding 3.96g of tungsten hexachloride into 100mL of methanol solvent to ensure that the molar concentration of the tungsten hexachloride is 0.1mlo/L, and stirring until the tungsten hexachloride is dissolved to obtain a clear yellow solution B;
step three: and pouring the solution B into the solution A to obtain a mixed solution C, stirring until the mixed solution C becomes a blue turbid solution, and standing for 72 hours.
Step four: centrifugally washing the blue turbid liquid, washing the blue turbid liquid for 3 times by deionized water, and then washing the blue turbid liquid for 3 times by ethanol to obtain a blue precursor;
step five: dispersing the precursor in an ethanol solvent, and adding 3.75g of thioacetamide to obtain a mixture of thioacetamide and tungsten hexachloride with the molar ratio of 5: 1, stirring for 60 min; transferring the mixture into a hydrothermal kettle, controlling the filling ratio to be 60%, then sealing the hydrothermal kettle, putting the hydrothermal kettle into a homogeneous reaction instrument, controlling the solvothermal temperature to be 240 ℃ and the reaction time to be 72h, and naturally cooling the hydrothermal kettle to room temperature after the reaction is finished.
Step six: and opening the reaction kettle, taking out the product, sequentially washing by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, carrying out centrifugal separation, repeatedly washing for 6 times, and drying in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-70 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 40Pa for 12 hours to obtain the black three-dimensional hydrangeal tungsten disulfide material.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: adding 0.595g of methylimidazole into 30mL of methanol solvent, and stirring until the methylimidazole is dissolved to obtain a clear and transparent solution A;
step two: adding 1.19g of tungsten hexachloride into 30mL of methanol solvent to ensure that the molar concentration of the tungsten hexachloride is 0.1mlo/L, and stirring until the tungsten hexachloride is dissolved to obtain a clear yellow solution B;
step three: and pouring the solution B into the solution A to obtain a mixed solution C, stirring until the mixed solution C becomes a blue turbid solution, and standing for 12 hours.
Step four: centrifugally washing the blue turbid liquid, washing the blue turbid liquid for 3 times by deionized water, and then washing the blue turbid liquid for 3 times by ethanol to obtain a blue precursor;
step five: the precursor was dispersed in ethanol solvent, and 1.13g of thioacetamide was added so that the molar ratio of thioacetamide to tungsten hexachloride was 5: 1, stirring for 60 min; transferring the mixture into a hydrothermal kettle, controlling the filling ratio to be 60%, then sealing the hydrothermal kettle, putting the hydrothermal kettle into a homogeneous reaction instrument, controlling the solvothermal temperature to be 200 ℃, reacting for 24 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished.
Step six: and opening the reaction kettle, taking out a product, washing the product by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in sequence, performing centrifugal separation, repeatedly washing for 6 times, and drying the product in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-40 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 25Pa for 12 hours to obtain the black three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide material.
Fig. 1 is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide material prepared in example 3. The sample has the same structure with the tungsten disulfide of a hexagonal system with JCPDS serial number of 08-0237, which shows that the tungsten disulfide prepared by the method has higher purity and no impurity phase.
Fig. 2 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photograph of the three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide material prepared in example 3. It can be seen that the tungsten disulfide nanosheets assembled together form a uniform embroidered ball shape.
Fig. 3 is a cycle performance diagram of the three-dimensional spherical tungsten disulfide material prepared in example 3. It can be seen that it shows better stability and higher capacity.
According to the method, methylimidazole and tungsten hexachloride are oxidized in a methanol solution to obtain tungsten trioxide with uniform appearance and small size, and then, tungsten disulfide is obtained through liquid-phase vulcanization. In the process, the uniform morphology and the small size are ensured so as to form the hydrangeal tungsten disulfide with uniform size. On one hand, the electrode material has a large specific surface area, and is favorable for the infiltration of electrolyte and the transmission of ions when being used as an electrode material in the charging and discharging processes. On the other hand, a large number of gaps exist in the self-assembled three-dimensional embroidered spherical structure, so that the volume expansion of the electrode material in the charging and discharging processes can be effectively relieved, and the good structural stability is kept. The preparation method is simple and easy to operate, the process parameters are easy to control, the application range is wide, the reaction time is greatly shortened, the reaction efficiency is improved, the repeatability is high, and the yield is high.
Example 4
The method comprises the following steps: adding 0.99g of methylimidazole into 50mL of methanol solvent, and stirring until the methylimidazole is dissolved to obtain a clear and transparent solution A;
step two: adding 1.98g of tungsten hexachloride into 50mL of methanol solvent to ensure that the molar concentration of the tungsten hexachloride is 0.1mlo/L, and stirring until the tungsten hexachloride is dissolved to obtain a clear yellow solution B;
step three: and pouring the solution B into the solution A to obtain a mixed solution C, stirring until the mixed solution C becomes a blue turbid solution, and standing for 48 hours.
Step four: centrifugally washing the blue turbid liquid, washing the blue turbid liquid for 3 times by deionized water, and then washing the blue turbid liquid for 3 times by ethanol to obtain a blue precursor;
step five: dispersing the precursor in an ethanol solvent, and adding 1.88g of thioacetamide to obtain a mixture of thioacetamide and tungsten hexachloride with the molar ratio of 5: 1, stirring for 30 min; transferring the mixture into a hydrothermal kettle, controlling the filling ratio to be 50%, then sealing the hydrothermal kettle, putting the hydrothermal kettle into a homogeneous reaction instrument, controlling the solvothermal temperature to be 220 ℃ and the reaction time to be 60 hours, and naturally cooling the hydrothermal kettle to the room temperature after the reaction is finished.
Step six: and opening the reaction kettle, taking out the product, sequentially washing by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, carrying out centrifugal separation, repeatedly washing for 6 times, and drying in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-50 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 30Pa for 12 hours to obtain the three-dimensional black hydrangeal tungsten disulfide material.
Example 5
The method comprises the following steps: adding 1.585g of methylimidazole into 80mL of methanol solvent, and stirring until the methylimidazole is dissolved to obtain a clear and transparent solution A;
step two: adding 3.17g of tungsten hexachloride into 80mL of methanol solvent to ensure that the molar concentration of the tungsten hexachloride is 0.1mlo/L, and stirring until the tungsten hexachloride is dissolved to obtain a clear yellow solution B;
step three: and pouring the solution B into the solution A to obtain a mixed solution C, stirring until the mixed solution C becomes a blue turbid solution, and standing for 36 hours.
Step four: centrifugally washing the blue turbid liquid, washing the blue turbid liquid for 3 times by deionized water, and then washing the blue turbid liquid for 3 times by ethanol to obtain a blue precursor;
step five: dispersing the precursor in an ethanol solvent, and adding 3g of thioacetamide to obtain a mixture with the molar ratio of thioacetamide to tungsten hexachloride being 5: 1, stirring for 50 min; transferring the mixture into a hydrothermal kettle, controlling the filling ratio to be 40%, then sealing the hydrothermal kettle, putting the hydrothermal kettle into a homogeneous reaction instrument, controlling the solvothermal temperature to be 240 ℃ and the reaction time to be 36h, and naturally cooling the hydrothermal kettle to room temperature after the reaction is finished.
Step six: and opening the reaction kettle, taking out the product, sequentially washing by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, carrying out centrifugal separation, repeatedly washing for 5 times, and drying in a freeze dryer at the temperature of-40 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 40Pa for 10 hours to obtain the three-dimensional black hydrangeal tungsten disulfide material.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adding 0.3965-1.965 g of methylimidazole into 20-100 mL of methanol solvent, and stirring and dissolving to obtain a solution A;
step two: adding 0.793-3.96 g of tungsten hexachloride into 20-100 mL of methanol solvent to ensure that the molar concentration of the tungsten hexachloride is 0.1mlo/L, and stirring until the tungsten hexachloride is dissolved to obtain a solution B;
step three: pouring the solution B into the solution A to obtain a mixed solution C, stirring until the mixed solution C becomes a blue turbid solution, and standing for 12-72 hours;
step four: centrifugally washing the blue turbid liquid to obtain a blue precursor;
step five: dispersing the precursor in an ethanol solvent, adding 0.7511-3.75 g of thioacetamide, and stirring; transferring the solution into a hydrothermal kettle, sealing the hydrothermal kettle, putting the hydrothermal kettle into a homogeneous reaction instrument, controlling the solvothermal temperature to be 180-240 ℃, reacting for 12-72 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished;
step six: opening the reaction kettle, taking out a product, repeatedly washing the product by adopting absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in sequence, centrifugally separating the product, and drying the product in a freeze dryer with the temperature of-40 to-70 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 10 to 40Pa for 8 to 12 hours to obtain the black embroidered spherical WS2A material.
2. The preparation method of the three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide electrode material as recited in claim 1, wherein: the volume ratio of the methanol solution obtained in the step 1 and the step 2 is 1: 1.
3. the preparation method of the three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide electrode material as recited in claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the tungsten hexachloride to the methylimidazole added in the step 3 is 2: 1.
4. the preparation method of the three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide electrode material as recited in claim 1, wherein: and 4, after the centrifugal washing in the step 4, washing for 3 times by using deionized water, and then, centrifugally washing for 3 times by using ethanol.
5. The preparation method of the three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide electrode material as recited in claim 1, wherein: the molar ratio of thioacetamide to tungsten hexachloride in the step 5 is 5: 1.
6. the preparation method of the three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide electrode material as recited in claim 1, wherein: the stirring time of the step 5 is 10-60 min.
7. The preparation method of the three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide electrode material as recited in claim 1, wherein: the filling ratio of the step 5 is controlled to be 30-60%.
8. The preparation method of the three-dimensional embroidered spherical tungsten disulfide electrode material as recited in claim 1, wherein: and 6, repeating the washing for 4-6 times.
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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114784244A (en) * 2022-04-21 2022-07-22 陕西科技大学 Three-dimensional hollow WS2/C composite electrode material and preparation method and application thereof

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