CN113042895B - Welding method of nickel steel composite structure - Google Patents
Welding method of nickel steel composite structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN113042895B CN113042895B CN202110319493.5A CN202110319493A CN113042895B CN 113042895 B CN113042895 B CN 113042895B CN 202110319493 A CN202110319493 A CN 202110319493A CN 113042895 B CN113042895 B CN 113042895B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
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Abstract
The invention provides a welding method of a nickel steel composite structure, which comprises the following steps: s1, butting the two nickel-steel composite plates, wherein the steel layers and the nickel layers on the two nickel-steel composite plates are correspondingly arranged, and a trapezoidal groove is formed in the side of the steel layer at the butting position of the two nickel-steel composite plates, the depth of the trapezoidal groove is larger than or equal to the thickness of the steel layer, and the bottom of the trapezoidal groove is ensured to be free of steel materials; s2, fixing the two nickel steel composite plates through a clamp, and connecting the nickel base alloys at the bottoms of the trapezoidal grooves together by adopting a pure laser welding method; s3, welding by using a consumable electrode gas shielded welding method with a cold metal transition function and low heat input in a cold metal transition mode; and S4, performing filling welding by adopting other conventional arc welding methods to finish the welding of the two nickel-steel composite plates. The method is favorable for improving the corrosion resistance of the nickel-based alloy layer after welding and improving the strength of the welding seam of the steel layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nickel steel composite plate welding, in particular to a welding method of a nickel steel composite structure.
Background
The composite plate is a bimetal formed by rolling a composite layer and a base layer. The composite layer is generally stainless steel or nickel-based alloy to ensure corrosion resistance, while the base metal is mainly carbon steel to ensure that the composite plate has higher strength, so the manufacturing cost of the composite plate is greatly lower than the manufacturing cost of pure stainless steel or pure nickel-based alloy, the requirements of high corrosion resistance, high heat conductivity and the like of the stainless steel or nickel-based alloy are met, and the composite plate has good welding performance and high strength of carbon steel, good economic value and application prospect.
However, because the two materials of the composite board have different chemical compositions and physical properties, in the welding process, carbon and alloy elements are easily diffused, which causes the deterioration of the performance of the welded joint, reduces the strength of the joint or weakens the corrosion resistance, and affects the use of the composite board.
Therefore, in order to avoid dilution of alloy elements, migration of carbon elements and the like at the interface of the stainless steel layer and the base layer, welding of the transition layer is the key for ensuring the welding quality of the composite plate. In the past, the welding of clad plates has mainly focused on how to control the smooth transition of alloy elements in the base layer and the clad layer without causing composition segregation, how to control weld cracks and weld deformation due to the non-uniformity of the dissimilar steel joint structure, and the like.
When stainless steel is welded, the welding depth is larger than the thickness of the stainless steel layer, so that after carbon steel is welded, the thickness of the pure stainless steel layer is not influenced, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel welding seam side is not influenced, but the welding method needs to be filled with stainless steel welding wires, and the cost is relatively high. Researchers also directly adopt a laser welding method to lead the stainless steel layers to be connected together in a self-welding way, thus the stainless steel welding wires do not need to be filled, and the welding cost is reduced. When carbon steel is welded, a small amount of carbon steel alloy elements and stainless steel alloy elements are interdiffused under the control of a welding method and a welding process, and the corrosion resistance of a stainless steel layer is slightly weakened.
At present, welding researches on the nickel-based alloy clad steel plate are less, on one hand, the physical properties of the nickel-based alloy and the carbon steel phase, such as the coefficient of thermal expansion and the thermal conductivity, are greatly different from those of stainless steel and the carbon steel, and the types and the contents of alloy elements are also greatly different, so that the welding difficulty of the nickel-based alloy clad plate is also increased.
The prior Chinese patent with publication number CN104455761A discloses a composite welded pipe of nickel-based alloy and carbon steel metallurgical bonding and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the straight seam nickel-based composite pipe is formed by hot rolling nickel-based composite plates through JCOE process and then is manufactured by adopting a welding mode; one surface of the hot-rolled nickel-based composite plate is a nickel-based alloy layer, and the other surface of the hot-rolled nickel-based composite plate is a carbon steel layer. The nickel-based alloy layer and the carbon steel layer are combined together in a hot rolling mode, and metallurgical bonding is formed between the nickel-based alloy layer and the carbon steel layer.
The inventor considers that the main difficulty of the composite plate welding is that the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance are influenced by the mutual diffusion of elements in the transition layer, and a large amount of alloy elements in the carbon steel layer and the nickel-based alloy layer are mutually diffused in the welding method in the prior art, so that the corrosion resistance and the mechanical property of a welding joint are poor, and the welding joint has a part to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a welding method of a nickel steel composite structure.
According to the welding method of the nickel steel composite structure provided by the invention, the nickel steel composite structure comprises a nickel steel composite plate, the nickel steel composite plate comprises a steel layer and a nickel layer, and the welding method comprises the following steps: s1, butting the two nickel-steel composite plates, wherein the steel layers and the nickel layers on the two nickel-steel composite plates are correspondingly arranged, and a trapezoidal groove is formed in the side of the steel layer at the butting position of the two nickel-steel composite plates, the depth of the trapezoidal groove is larger than or equal to the thickness of the steel layer, and the bottom of the trapezoidal groove is ensured to be free of steel materials; s2, fixing the two nickel steel composite plates through a clamp, and connecting the nickel base alloys at the bottoms of the trapezoidal grooves together by adopting a pure laser welding method; s3, welding by using a consumable electrode gas shielded welding method with a cold metal transition function and low heat input in a cold metal transition mode; and S4, performing filling welding by adopting other conventional arc welding methods to finish the welding of the two nickel-steel composite plates.
Preferably, the total thickness of the nickel steel composite plate is more than or equal to 4mm, and the ratio of the thickness of the nickel layer to the thickness of the steel layer is less than 1 to 1.
Preferably, in step S1, the nickel layer side and the steel layer side are welded to the nickel-steel composite plate, respectively, and the nickel layer side is welded first, and then the steel layer side is welded.
Preferably, in step S1, the depth of the trapezoidal groove is greater than the thickness of the steel layer, the distance from the bottom of the trapezoidal groove to the boundary between the steel layer and the nickel layer is 0 to 0.5mm, the width of the bottom of the trapezoidal groove is 3 to 6mm, and the inclination angle of the trapezoidal groove is 40 to 60 °.
Preferably, in step S2, a pure laser method is used to perform the first welding, the nickel layers at the bottoms of the two nickel-steel composite plates are subjected to self-melting connection, the heat input is strictly controlled during welding, and it is ensured that the nickel layers are just welded through without subsurface sagging.
Preferably, in step S3, a cold metal transition mode is adopted to perform the second welding, the thickness of the welding filler layer is controlled to be about 2mm, the width of the weld joint is greater than the width of the bottom of the trapezoidal groove, and the welding filler material is a welding material matched with the steel layer.
Preferably, in step S4, the third welding is performed by gas metal arc welding or manual arc welding, the welding heat input is not too large, the cold metal transition layer is not melted completely, and the filling material used in the welding is a filling material matching the steel layer.
Preferably, in step 4, if the thickness of the steel layer is large, more than three welding passes are required to fill the trapezoidal groove, and in the subsequent welding process, consumable electrode gas shielded welding with large heat input or laser-arc hybrid welding can be adopted until the trapezoidal groove is filled.
Preferably, only a trace of alloy elements in the steel layer enter a welding seam in a welding joint in the welding process, so that the corrosion resistance of the nickel layer after welding is slightly influenced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the welding operation is carried out on the trapezoidal groove by sequentially using the pure laser welding, the gas metal arc welding method with the cold metal transition function and other conventional arc welding methods to carry out the filling welding, so that the area in the transition layer of the welding joint, which is subjected to mutual diffusion, is smaller, the corrosion resistance of the nickel-based alloy layer after welding is improved, and the strength of the welding seam of the steel layer is improved;
2. the invention adopts the material matched with the steel layer, and does not adopt a nickel-based alloy welding wire for welding, thereby being beneficial to saving economic cost;
3. according to the invention, the depth of the trapezoidal groove is set to be larger than or equal to the thickness of the steel layer, so that the bottom of the trapezoidal groove is favorably ensured to be free of steel materials, the diffusion of elements in the steel layer in the transition layer of the welding joint to the nickel layer is favorably reduced, and the corrosion resistance of the nickel-based alloy layer after welding is favorably improved.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a trapezoidal groove according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a welding process for two nickel steel composite plates according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic image of a weld obtained by the welding method of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a nickel steel composite board; 2. a nickel layer; 3. a steel layer; 4. and (4) trapezoidal beveling.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the welding method of the nickel steel composite structure provided by the invention comprises a test material, wherein the test material is a nickel steel composite plate 1 prepared by rolling a 825 nickel-based alloy and X65 pipeline steel, the nickel steel composite plate 1 comprises a nickel layer 2 and a steel layer 3, the thickness of the nickel layer 2 is 3mm, and the thickness of the steel layer 3 is 17 mm. Also comprises the following steps:
s1, butt joint two nickel steel composite boards 1, and steel layer 3 and nickel layer 2 on two nickel steel composite boards 1 are all corresponding settings, open trapezoidal groove 4 again in the steel layer 3 side of two nickel steel composite boards 1 butt joint department, the nickel layer 2 is visited into to the bottom of trapezoidal groove 4, the distance of trapezoidal groove 4 bottom apart from steel layer 3 and nickel layer 2 interface is 0.3mm, the diameter of trapezoidal groove 4 bottom is 4mm, the inclination of trapezoidal groove 4 is 45 to guarantee that there is not steel material in the bottom of trapezoidal groove 4.
And S2, placing the two nickel steel composite plates 1 after surface treatment on a welding tool and fixing the two nickel steel composite plates through corresponding clamps. And (3) carrying out self-fusion welding on the nickel layers 2 of the two nickel steel composite plates 1 by adopting an optical fiber laser, wherein the first welding is carried out. The laser power is 3.5kW, the welding speed is 2m/min, the protective gas is pure argon, the flow is 15L/min, and the welding of the nickel layers 2 of the two nickel steel composite plates 1 is completed.
S3, placing the two laser welded nickel steel composite boards 1 on a gas metal arc welding tool and fixing the two laser welded nickel steel composite boards through corresponding fixtures, and performing second welding by using a gas metal arc welding method with a cold metal transition function, wherein the welding wire feeding speed is 3m/min, the welding speed is 0.18m/min, and the protective gas is 80% Ar + 20% CO2。
S4, performing a third welding on the two welded nickel steel composite plates 1 by adopting pulse gas metal arc welding, wherein the wire feeding speed is 6m/min, the welding speed is 0.36m/min, the pulse frequency is 2Hz, and the protective gas is 80% Ar + 20% CO2。
S5, performing fourth welding on the two welded nickel steel composite boards 1 by adopting pulse gas metal arc welding, and increasing welding heat input, wherein the welding wire feeding speed is 9m/min, the welding speed is 0.36m/min, the pulse frequency is 2Hz, and the protective gas is 80% Ar + 20% CO2And finishing groove filling.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, only a small amount of the nickel layer 2 is mixed into the alloying elements in the steel layer 3 in the entire transition layer due to the low heat input by the cold metal transfer arc welding method. Only a transition layer with the thickness of 0.6mm exists in the nickel layer 2, and the influence on the corrosion resistance of the nickel steel composite plate 1 is weak. Similarly, only the nickel layer 2 with the thickness of 0.6mm enters the CMT transition layer, the alloy dilution rate is low, and the influence on the strength of the steel layer 3 is weak.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (7)
1. A welding method of a nickel steel composite structure, the nickel steel composite structure comprises a nickel steel composite plate (1), the nickel steel composite plate (1) comprises a steel layer (3) and a nickel layer (2), and the welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, butting the two nickel steel composite plates (1), wherein the steel layers (3) and the nickel layers (2) on the two nickel steel composite plates (1) are correspondingly arranged, a trapezoidal groove (4) is formed in the side of the steel layer (3) at the butting position of the two nickel steel composite plates (1), the depth of the trapezoidal groove (4) is larger than or equal to the thickness of the steel layer (3), and the bottom of the trapezoidal groove (4) is ensured to be free of steel materials;
s2, fixing the two nickel steel composite plates (1) through a clamp, and connecting the nickel base alloys at the bottoms of the trapezoidal grooves (4) together by adopting a pure laser welding method;
s3, welding by using a consumable electrode gas shielded welding method with a cold metal transition function and low heat input in a cold metal transition mode;
s4, performing filling welding by adopting other conventional arc welding methods to complete welding of the two nickel-steel composite plates (1);
the total thickness of the nickel steel composite plate (1) is more than or equal to 4mm, wherein the ratio of the thickness of the nickel layer (2) to the thickness of the steel layer (3) is less than 1 to 1;
in the step S1, for the two nickel-steel composite plates (1), the nickel layer (2) side and the steel layer (3) side are respectively welded, and the nickel layer (2) side is welded first, and then the steel layer (3) side is welded.
2. The welding method of the nickel-steel composite structure according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the depth of the trapezoidal groove (4) is greater than the thickness of the steel layer (3), the distance from the bottom of the trapezoidal groove (4) to the boundary between the steel layer (3) and the nickel layer (2) is 0-0.5 mm, the width of the bottom of the trapezoidal groove (4) is 3-6 mm, and the inclination angle of the trapezoidal groove (4) is 40-60 °.
3. The welding method of the nickel-steel composite structure according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, a pure laser method is adopted to perform a first welding, the nickel layers (2) at the bottoms of the two nickel-steel composite plates (1) are subjected to self-melting connection, the heat input is strictly controlled during welding, and the nickel layers (2) are ensured to be just welded through without subsurface sagging.
4. The welding method of a nickel steel composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S3, a second welding is performed in a cold metal transition mode, the thickness of the welding filler layer is controlled to be 2mm, the width of the welding seam is larger than the width of the bottom of the trapezoidal groove (4), and the welding filler material is welding material matched with the steel layer (3).
5. A method for welding a nickel steel composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S4, a third welding is performed by gas metal arc welding or manual arc welding, the welding heat input is not too high, the cold metal transition layer is not completely melted, and the filler material used in welding is a filler material matching the steel layer (3).
6. The welding method of a nickel steel composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 4, if the thickness of the steel layer (3) is large, more than three welds are needed to fill the trapezoidal groove (4), and the subsequent welding process can use the gas metal arc welding with large heat input or the laser-arc hybrid welding until the trapezoidal groove (4) is filled.
7. A method of welding a nickel steel composite structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that only a small amount of alloying elements in said steel layer (3) are incorporated into the weld seam during the welding process, thereby having a minor effect on the corrosion resistance of said nickel layer (2) after welding.
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| CN101462193B (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2010-09-15 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for welding thin layer iron nickel base alloy carbon steel composite tube |
| CN101811231B (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2011-08-17 | 机械科学研究院哈尔滨焊接研究所 | Method for welding with laser-cold metal transferred arc composite heat source |
| CN103801845B (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2016-05-25 | 机械科学研究院哈尔滨焊接研究所 | Iron based on beam flying or nickel-base material laser MIG composite overlaying method |
| CN107252977B (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-03-12 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of single fillet welded method of laser+MIG/MAG |
| CN112122783B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-02-18 | 上海交通大学 | Laser butt welding method for carbon steel-nickel-containing alloy composite plate |
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