CN113036724B - Flexible direct-current short-circuit fault protection method based on thyristor chain and superconducting current limiter - Google Patents
Flexible direct-current short-circuit fault protection method based on thyristor chain and superconducting current limiter Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flexible direct current short-circuit fault protection method based on a thyristor chain and a superconducting current limiter, wherein a current converter used in a flexible direct current transmission system is an ABC three-phase structure based on a modular multilevel current converter cascaded by half-bridge sub-modules, each phase comprises an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm, and each bridge arm consists of a plurality of half-bridge sub-modules and a bridge arm inductor; the output port of the AC side of the modular multilevel converter is connected with a thyristor chain in parallel; three-phase lines on the alternating current side of the modular multilevel converter are respectively connected with a superconducting current limiter in series; the upper end of a three-phase upper bridge arm of the modular multilevel converter is connected to a direct current side through a first mechanical switch after being short-circuited, and the lower end of a three-phase lower bridge arm is connected to the direct current side through a second mechanical switch after being short-circuited. The protection method realizes the AC-DC side current isolation under the fault condition by opening the thyristor chain, reduces the DC side fault current to zero, and limits the AC side fault current through the superconducting current limiter, thereby realizing the DC short circuit fault protection of the flexible DC power transmission system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of multilevel power electronic converters, and particularly relates to a flexible direct-current short-circuit fault protection method based on a thyristor chain and a superconducting current limiter.
Background
The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is formed by cascading a plurality of submodules with the same structure, the voltage and power grade can be changed by adjusting the number of the cascaded submodules, and the output of any level can be realized, so that the harmonic component of the output voltage is effectively reduced, and the switching frequency and the loss of a power switching device are reduced. The MMC has shown its important engineering application prospect in a high-voltage high-power system with its many advantages such as high efficiency, easy expansion, the redundancy design of being convenient for, and is gradually popularizing and applying in fields such as renewable energy is incorporated into the power networks, motor drive, track traffic.
When the MMC has a direct current side short circuit fault, an uncontrolled rectification path can be formed due to the fact that a freewheeling diode exists in a half-bridge submodule, alternating current side current can feed in current to a direct current side short circuit point through the freewheeling diode after each submodule is locked, and great harm can be brought to a converter and a power transmission line. In addition, in the conventional fault handling method, since the ac side and the dc side are not isolated, and the current on the dc side cannot be cut off automatically, the dc side fault current is often cut off by using a dc breaker, which has a high requirement on the cut-off capacity of the dc breaker and a high cost. In some fault processing methods for isolating the alternating current side and the direct current side, because the alternating current side is directly short-circuited, the current of the alternating current side can be sharply increased when the fault occurs, which is dozens of times of that of the alternating current side in normal operation, and therefore, the safe operation of a power grid can be seriously damaged.
Aiming at the problems, a flexible direct-current short-circuit fault protection method based on a thyristor chain and a superconducting current limiter is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a direct-current short-circuit fault protection method of a flexible direct-current power transmission system based on a thyristor chain and a superconducting current limiter.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the flexible direct-current transmission system is based on a thyristor chain and a superconducting current limiter, the converter adopted in the flexible direct-current transmission system is a modular multilevel converter based on half-bridge submodule cascade, and specifically has an ABC three-phase structure, each phase comprises an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm, and each bridge arm consists of a plurality of half-bridge submodules and a bridge arm inductor; the output port of the AC side of the modular multilevel converter is connected with a thyristor chain in parallel; three-phase lines on the alternating current side of the modular multilevel converter are respectively connected with a superconducting current limiter in series; the upper end of a three-phase upper bridge arm of the modular multilevel converter is connected to a direct current side through a first mechanical switch after being short-circuited, and the lower end of a three-phase lower bridge arm is connected to the direct current side through a second mechanical switch after being short-circuited.
Further, the half-bridge sub-module includes IGBT, lower IGBT, last diode, electrolytic capacitor down, electrolytic capacitor's positive pole is connected to the collecting electrode of supreme IGBT, and electrolytic capacitor's negative pole is connected to IGBT's emission set down, and this tie point is as half-bridge sub-module's negative terminal, goes up IGBT's emission set and is connected to IGBT's collecting electrode down, and this tie point is as half-bridge sub-module's positive terminal, goes up the diode and connects to the last IGBT both ends in reverse, and lower diode connects to IGBT both ends in reverse.
Furthermore, the thyristor chain is composed of an A-phase thyristor group, a B-phase lead and a C-phase thyristor group, wherein one end of the A-phase thyristor group is connected to an A-phase output port on the AC side of the converter, one end of the B-phase lead is connected to a B-phase output port on the AC side of the converter, one end of the C-phase thyristor group is connected to a C-phase output port on the AC side of the converter, and the other end of the A-phase thyristor group, the other end of the B-phase lead and the other end of the C-phase thyristor group are in short circuit.
Furthermore, the A-phase double-thyristor group is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of anti-parallel thyristors in series, and the C-phase double-thyristor group is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of anti-parallel thyristors in series.
Furthermore, the superconducting current limiters are respectively connected in series to a three-phase current-intersecting side circuit of the current converter, the superconducting current limiters are made by immersing YBCO superconducting tapes into liquid nitrogen, the critical current of the superconducting current limiters is selected to be 1.5 times of the peak value of alternating current in normal operation, when the current is less than the critical current, the superconducting tapes are in a superconducting state, the resistance is zero, and the superconducting current limiters do not play any role at this time; when the current is larger than the critical current, the superconducting tape enters a quench state, the resistance is larger, and the superconducting current limiter plays a role in limiting current.
The direct-current short-circuit fault protection method of the flexible direct-current power transmission system based on the thyristor chain and the superconducting current limiter controls the following steps when the system normally operates: when the system normally operates, an upper IGBT and a lower IGBT in a half-bridge submodule of the converter complementarily operate, each thyristor of a thyristor chain is in a turn-off state, and a first mechanical switch and a second mechanical switch on the direct current side are in a turn-on state.
Further, the control method for clearing the direct-current side short-circuit fault comprises the following steps:
s1, sampling the direct-current side current idc of the converter, and judging whether a direct-current short-circuit fault occurs;
s2, switching on a thyristor chain connected in parallel at an output port of an AC side of the converter, isolating the AC side and the DC side, causing a three-phase superconducting current limiter at the AC side to enter a quench state, and switching off trigger signals of an upper IGBT and a lower IGBT on each submodule of the converter, so that the converter is in a locking state;
and S3, sampling the direct current side current idc of the converter, and disconnecting the first mechanical switch and the second mechanical switch on the direct current side circuit of the converter after the direct current side current of the converter is reduced to zero.
Further, the method for controlling clearing of the short-circuit fault on the alternating current side comprises the following steps: and turning off the thyristor chain connected in parallel at the output port of the alternating current side of the converter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the direct-current short-circuit fault protection method of the flexible direct-current power transmission system based on the thyristor chain and the superconducting current limiter does not need to be matched with a direct-current breaker to work;
when a flexible direct-current transmission system has a direct-current short-circuit fault, the current peak value of a direct-current side is high and has no zero point, the switching difficulty is high, and the requirement on the switching capacity of a direct-current circuit breaker is high, so that the direct-current circuit breaker is often high in cost;
the fault current at the DC side is reduced to zero by isolating the fault current at the AC side and the DC side, then the mechanical switch is switched off to remove the fault at the DC side, and the fault current at the AC side is greatly reduced under the limit of the superconducting current limiter until the fault at the AC side is removed;
on one hand, the method does not need to be matched with a direct current breaker for working, and the problem that the capacity of the direct current breaker is limited is effectively avoided; on the other hand, the process of the superconducting current limiter entering the quench state from the superconducting state is completely determined by the characteristics of the superconducting current limiter and the characteristics of fault current, manual operation is not needed in the current limiting process, the current limiting response speed is extremely high, the quench state can be completely recovered to the superconducting state in a short time, and the superconducting current limiter has strong practicability;
2. the direct-current short-circuit fault protection method of the flexible direct-current power transmission system based on the thyristor chain and the superconducting current limiter can realize the isolation of alternating-current and direct-current side fault currents, and has high practical value;
in the traditional method for protecting the direct-current short-circuit fault of the flexible direct-current transmission system, because the alternating-current side and the direct-current side are not isolated, when the direct-current short-circuit fault occurs, the sub-module capacitor discharges through the upper IGBT, at the moment, the short-circuit current is the sum of the discharge current of the sub-module capacitor and the feed-in current of the alternating-current side, the current reaches a peak in a half period, after several milliseconds, the sub-module enters a locking state, the upper IGBT is turned off, the sub-module capacitor stops discharging, at the moment, the alternating-current side current is fed into the direct-current side through the lower diode of the sub-module, the short-circuit current is still large, and the pressure of the diode for resisting the over-current is increased;
in the invention, the thyristor chain is connected in parallel at the output port of the AC side of the converter, when the DC short-circuit fault current is detected, the thyristor chain connected in parallel at the output port of the AC side of the converter is opened, the three-phase superconducting current limiter at the AC side is caused to enter a quench state, and the trigger signal of each submodule of the converter is closed, so that the converter is in a blocking state, the method can realize the fault isolation of the AC side and the DC side, reduce the over-current resistant pressure of the diode, greatly protect the diode and have higher practical value;
3. the direct-current short-circuit fault protection method of the flexible direct-current power transmission system based on the thyristor chain and the superconducting current limiter, which is provided by the invention, adopts the resistive superconducting current limiter, when the system has a direct-current short-circuit fault, the fault current is very large, the resistive superconducting current limiter is caused to enter a quench state, the resistance value is rapidly increased, and thus the fault current is limited; when the system normally operates, the resistance of the resistive superconducting current limiter is zero, and the thyristor chain is in a cut-off state, so that the method does not have any influence on the characteristics of the system in normal operation and has high application value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a topological structure diagram of a flexible dc power transmission system based on a thyristor chain and a superconducting current limiter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a short-circuit fault protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a converter used in a flexible direct current transmission system based on a thyristor chain and a superconducting current limiter is a modular multilevel converter based on half-bridge submodule cascade, specifically, an ABC three-phase structure, each phase includes an upper bridge arm 1.1 and a lower bridge arm 1.2, and each bridge arm is composed of a plurality of half-bridge Submodules (SM) 1.3 and a bridge arm inductor 1.4; an output port on the alternating current side of the modular multilevel converter is connected with a thyristor chain 1.5 in parallel; three-phase lines on the alternating current side of the modular multilevel converter are respectively connected with a superconducting current limiter 1.6 in series; the upper end of a three-phase upper bridge arm 1.1 of the modular multilevel converter is connected to the direct current side through a first mechanical 1.7 switch after being short-circuited, and the lower end of a three-phase lower bridge arm 1.2 is connected to the direct current side through a second mechanical switch 1.8 after being short-circuited.
The half-bridge sub-module 1.3 comprises an upper IGBT, a lower IGBT, an upper diode, a lower diode and an electrolytic capacitor. The positive pole of electrolytic capacitor is connected to the collecting electrode of supreme IGBT, and the negative pole of electrolytic capacitor is connected to the emission set of IGBT down, and this tie point is as the negative terminal of half-bridge submodule piece, and the emission set of going up the IGBT is connected to the collecting electrode of IGBT down, and this tie point is as the positive terminal of half-bridge submodule piece, goes up the diode and connects supreme IGBT both ends in reverse, and the diode is connected to down IGBT both ends in reverse.
The thyristor chain 1.5 is composed of an A-phase double thyristor group, a B-phase lead and a C-phase double thyristor group, wherein one end of the A-phase double thyristor group is connected to an A-phase output port on the AC side of the converter, one end of the B-phase lead is connected to a B-phase output port on the AC side of the converter, one end of the C-phase double thyristor group is connected to a C-phase output port on the AC side of the converter, and the other end of the A-phase double thyristor group, the other end of the B-phase lead and the other end of the C-phase double thyristor group are in short circuit.
The A-phase double-thyristor group is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of anti-parallel thyristors in series, and the C-phase double-thyristor group is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of anti-parallel thyristors in series.
The superconducting current limiters 1.6 are respectively connected in series to a three-phase current-intersecting side line of the current converter, the superconducting current limiters 1.6 are made by immersing YBCO superconducting tapes into liquid nitrogen, the critical current of the superconducting current limiters is selected to be 1.5 times of the peak value of alternating current in normal operation, when the current is less than the critical current, the superconducting tapes are in a superconducting state, the resistance is zero, and at the moment, the superconducting current limiters 1.6 do not play any role; when the current is larger than the critical current, the superconducting tape enters a quench state, the resistance is larger, and the superconducting current limiter 1.6 plays a role in limiting current.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for protecting a dc short-circuit fault of a flexible dc power transmission system based on a thyristor chain and a superconducting current limiter includes control during normal operation of the system, dc side short-circuit fault clearing control, and ac side short-circuit fault clearing control, and includes the following steps:
the following control is carried out when the system is in normal operation:
when the system normally operates, an upper IGBT and a lower IGBT in a half-bridge submodule 1.3 of the converter complementarily operate, each thyristor of a thyristor chain 1.5 is in a turn-off state, and a first mechanical switch 1.7 and a second mechanical switch 1.8 on a direct current side are in a closed state.
The control method for clearing the short-circuit fault on the direct current side comprises the following steps:
s1, sampling the direct-current side current idc of the converter, and judging whether a direct-current short-circuit fault occurs (normally, if the direct-current side current of the converter is increased to 1.5 times of a rated value, the direct-current short-circuit fault is judged to occur);
s2, switching on a thyristor chain 1.5 connected in parallel at an output port of an AC side of the converter, isolating the AC side from the DC side, causing a three-phase superconducting current limiter at the AC side to enter a quench state, and switching off trigger signals of an upper IGBT and a lower IGBT on each submodule of the converter to enable the converter to be in a blocking state;
and S3, sampling the direct current side current idc of the converter, and disconnecting the first mechanical switch 1.7 and the second mechanical switch 1.8 on the direct current side circuit of the converter after the direct current side current of the converter is reduced to zero.
Wherein 2.1 is the state of the converter in the normal operation of the system in S1, 2.2 is the state of the converter in the stage of clearing the short-circuit fault on the direct current side in S2, and 2.3 is the state of the converter in the stage of clearing the short-circuit fault on the alternating current side in S3.
The method for clearing and controlling the short-circuit fault on the alternating current side comprises the following steps:
and turning off the thyristor chain 1.5 connected in parallel at the output port of the alternating current side of the converter.
The control method ensures that the flexible direct current transmission system based on the thyristor chain and the superconducting current limiter can effectively extinguish the short-circuit current and clear the short-circuit fault.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. The flexible direct-current transmission system based on the thyristor chain and the superconducting current limiter is characterized in that a converter adopted in the flexible direct-current transmission system is a modular multilevel converter based on half-bridge submodule cascade, specifically an ABC three-phase structure, each phase comprises an upper bridge arm (1.1) and a lower bridge arm (1.2), and each bridge arm consists of a plurality of half-bridge submodules (1.3) and a bridge arm inductor (1.4); the modular multilevel converter AC side output port is connected with a thyristor chain (1.5) in parallel, the thyristor chain (1.5) is composed of an A-phase double thyristor group, a B-phase lead and a C-phase double thyristor group, wherein one end of the A-phase double thyristor group is connected to the A-phase output port of the converter AC side, one end of the B-phase lead is connected to the B-phase output port of the converter AC side, one end of the C-phase double thyristor group is connected to the C-phase output port of the converter AC side, and the other end of the A-phase double thyristor group, the other end of the B-phase lead and the other end of the C-phase double thyristor group are directly connected; three-phase lines on the alternating current side of the modular multilevel converter are respectively connected with a superconducting current limiter (1.6) in series; the upper end of a three-phase upper bridge arm (1.1) of the modular multilevel converter is directly connected and then connected to a direct current side through a first mechanical switch (1.7), and the lower end of a three-phase lower bridge arm (1.2) is directly connected and then connected to the direct current side through a second mechanical switch (1.8).
2. The thyristor chain and superconducting current limiter-based flexible direct current transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the half-bridge sub-module (1.3) comprises an upper IGBT, a lower IGBT, an upper diode, a lower diode and an electrolytic capacitor, wherein the anode of the electrolytic capacitor is connected to the collector of the upper IGBT, the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor is connected to the emitter of the lower IGBT, the corresponding connection point serves as the negative end of the half-bridge sub-module, the emitter of the upper IGBT is connected to the collector of the lower IGBT, the corresponding connection point serves as the positive end of the half-bridge sub-module, the upper diode is connected to two ends of the upper IGBT in a reverse direction, and the lower diode is connected to two ends of the lower IGBT in a reverse direction.
3. The thyristor chain and superconducting current limiter-based flexible direct-current transmission system according to claim 2, wherein the A-phase double-thyristor group is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of anti-parallel thyristors in series, and the C-phase double-thyristor group is formed by connecting a plurality of groups of anti-parallel thyristors in series.
4. The flexible direct-current transmission system based on the thyristor chain and the superconducting current limiter according to claim 3, wherein the superconducting current limiters (1.6) are respectively connected in series to three-phase current-intersecting side lines of the converter, the superconducting current limiters (1.6) are made by immersing YBCO superconducting tapes into liquid nitrogen, the critical current of the superconducting current limiters is 1.5 times of the peak value of the alternating current in normal operation, when the current is less than the critical current, the superconducting tapes are in a superconducting state, the resistance is zero, and the superconducting current limiters (1.6) do not play any role; when the current is larger than the critical current, the superconducting tape enters a quench state, the resistance is larger, and the superconducting current limiter (1.6) plays a role in limiting current.
5. The method for protecting the direct-current short-circuit fault of the flexible direct-current power transmission system based on the thyristor chain and the superconducting current limiter according to claim 4, wherein the following control is performed when the system is in normal operation: when the system normally operates, an upper IGBT and a lower IGBT in a half-bridge submodule (1.3) of the converter complementarily operate, each thyristor of a thyristor chain (1.5) is in a turn-off state, and a first mechanical switch (1.7) and a second mechanical switch (1.8) on a direct current side are in a closed state.
6. The method for protecting the direct-current short-circuit fault of the flexible direct-current power transmission system based on the thyristor chain and the superconducting current limiter according to claim 5, wherein the method for clearing and controlling the direct-current side short-circuit fault comprises the following steps:
s1, sampling the direct-current side current idc of the converter, and judging whether a direct-current short-circuit fault occurs;
s2, switching on a thyristor chain (1.5) connected in parallel at an output port of an AC side of the converter, isolating the AC side from the DC side, causing a three-phase superconducting current limiter at the AC side to enter a quench state, and switching off trigger signals of an upper IGBT and a lower IGBT on each submodule of the converter to enable the converter to be in a blocking state;
and S3, sampling the direct current side current idc of the converter, and disconnecting the first mechanical switch (1.7) and the second mechanical switch (1.8) on the direct current side circuit of the converter after the direct current side current of the converter is reduced to zero.
7. The method for protecting the direct-current short-circuit fault of the flexible direct-current power transmission system based on the thyristor chain and the superconducting current limiter according to claim 6, wherein the method for clearing and controlling the alternating-current side short-circuit fault comprises the following steps: and (3) turning off the thyristor chain (1.5) connected in parallel at the output port of the alternating current side of the converter.
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