CN113036442B - Multifunctional digital super-surface for four-channel wave front regulation and control - Google Patents
Multifunctional digital super-surface for four-channel wave front regulation and control Download PDFInfo
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- CN113036442B CN113036442B CN202110241223.7A CN202110241223A CN113036442B CN 113036442 B CN113036442 B CN 113036442B CN 202110241223 A CN202110241223 A CN 202110241223A CN 113036442 B CN113036442 B CN 113036442B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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Abstract
A multifunctional digital super-surface for four-channel wave front regulation relates to the technical field of super-surfaces. The invention aims to solve the problems of maximization and complexity of the super surface caused by the fact that the traditional multifunctional digital super surface mostly adopts a cascading super surface design method. The invention discloses a multifunctional digital super-surface for four-channel wavefront regulation, which comprises a plurality of super-surface units arranged in an array, wherein each super-surface unit comprises a metal layer, a dielectric layer and a grounding plate which are sequentially stacked, the dielectric layer is rectangular, the metal layer comprises a low-frequency-band resonator and 4 high-frequency-band resonators, the low-frequency-band resonators are positioned at the center of the dielectric layer, and the 4 high-frequency-band resonators are respectively positioned at the four corners of the dielectric layer. The development requirements of the modern microwave millimeter wave system in the aspects of low profile, high integration, large information capacity and the like are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of super-surface.
Background
The subsurface is the result of metamaterial planarization, which provides a better way to control electromagnetic waves. The super surface has strong regulation and control capability on electromagnetic waves, and can effectively and flexibly regulate and control the polarization, amplitude, phase and other propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic waves in a sub-wavelength scale. At present, the super surface is widely applied in various fields such as filtering, abnormal refraction, plane lens, radar stealth and the like. Particularly, after the teaching of T.J.Cui in 2014 proposes the concept of digital super-surface, the design and manufacture of super-surface and related devices are simpler and more efficient. In the design of a digital subsurface, different discrete phases generated by a cell structure are defined as different digital bits, and different digital bit sequences represent different phase distributions of the subsurface, so that different functions can be realized. The proposal of the digital super surface greatly simplifies the design process of the super surface and promotes the further development of the super surface technology. At present, researchers realize novel functional devices such as abnormal deflection, plane lenses, bessel vortex beams and the like by utilizing a digital super-surface technology, and on the basis, a plurality of double/multifunctional digital super-surface schemes are provided, and the working frequency band covers an audio frequency band, a microwave band, a terahertz frequency band and even an optical frequency band. Unfortunately, most of the multifunctional digital super-surfaces proposed at present adopt a design method of cascading super-surfaces, which easily causes maximization and complexity of super-surfaces, is not beneficial to processing and manufacturing, and is also not beneficial to efficient integration with modern microwave millimeter wave systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of maximization and complexity of a super surface caused by a cascade super surface design method adopted by the traditional multifunctional digital super surface, and provides a single-layer multifunctional digital super surface for four-channel wave front regulation.
The utility model provides a multi-functional digital super surface for four passageway wave fronts regulation and control, is including a plurality of super surface unit that are the array arrangement, every super surface unit all includes metal level, dielectric layer and the earth plate of laminating in proper order and setting up, and the dielectric layer is the rectangle, and the metal level includes low frequency band resonator and 4 high frequency band resonators, and low frequency band resonator is located the central point of dielectric layer, and 4 high frequency band resonators are located the four corners position of dielectric layer respectively.
Further, the low-frequency band resonator comprises two metal strips perpendicular to each other, two ends of each metal strip are in an arrow shape, one side of each metal strip is parallel to one side of the dielectric layer, the intersection point of the two metal strips coincides with the center point of the surface of the dielectric layer, two strip-shaped metal sheets are arranged on each metal strip, the two metal sheets are perpendicular to the metal strip, and the two metal sheets are respectively located on two sides of the midpoint of the metal strip and are equal to the midpoint in distance. The width of the metal strip and the metal sheet are both 0.3mm, the length of the metal sheet is 1mm, and the distance between the metal sheet and the adjacent metal strip end point is 1.5mm.
Further, the high-frequency band resonator is a structure formed by encircling a right angle and two arc sides, the two arc sides are outwards protruded, a connecting line between the intersection point of the two arc sides and the vertex of the right angle is used as a symmetrical axis, the two arc sides are in axisymmetrical structures, and the right angle of the high-frequency band resonator and the angle of the corresponding dielectric layer are mutually overlapped. The arc side is a quarter ellipse, and the short axis length of the ellipse is 1mm.
Further, the thickness of the dielectric layer was 2mm, the relative permittivity was 3.5, and the loss tangent was 0.001.
Furthermore, for the multi-functional digital super surface for four-channel wave front regulation and control, when one metal strip is arranged in the horizontal direction for vertically incident x-polarized plane waves and the length of the metal strip is changed from 8mm to 9mm, the super surface unit can realize 180-degree phase difference at 7.5GHz, and the reflection coefficient in the working frequency band is larger than 0.94. When one right-angle side of the high-frequency band resonator is arranged in the horizontal direction, and the length of the right-angle side is changed from 2.2mm to 4mm, the super-surface unit can realize 180-degree phase difference at 11.9GHz, and the reflection coefficient in the working frequency band is larger than 0.96.
Furthermore, when one metal strip is arranged in the vertical direction for the vertically incident y-polarized plane wave and the length of the metal strip is changed from 6.4mm to 9mm, the multifunctional digital super-surface for four-channel wave front regulation can realize 300-degree phase difference at 7.5GHz, and the reflection coefficient in the working frequency band is larger than 0.94. When a right-angle side of the high-frequency band resonator is arranged in the vertical direction, and the length of the right-angle side is changed from 1.4mm to 4mm, the super-surface unit can realize 180-degree phase difference at 11.9GHz, and the reflection coefficient in the working frequency band is larger than 0.96.
The multifunctional digital super surface for four-channel wave front regulation can overcome the problems that the traditional digital super surface has limited functions and large volume and cannot meet the development requirement of a modern microwave millimeter wave system in the aspects of low profile, high integration, large information capacity and the like. The invention can realize independent regulation and control of four-channel wave fronts. When x polarized wave is excited, the invention can realize beam splitting function at 7.5GHz frequency and abnormal deflection function at 11.9GHz frequency; when the y polarized wave is excited, the vortex beam function can be realized at the frequency of 7.5GHz, and the radar scattering cross section reduction function can be realized at the frequency of 11.9 GHz.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic of a subsurface unit,
Figure 2 is a plan view of a subsurface unit,
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the amplitude of a metal strip arranged in a horizontal direction with the length of the metal strip varying from 8mm to 9mm,
Figure 4 is a phase diagram of a metal strip arranged in a horizontal direction with a length varying from 8mm to 9mm,
Figure 5 is a graph of amplitude when the length of a horizontally disposed right angle side of a high-band resonator is varied from 2.2mm to 4mm,
Figure 6 is a phase diagram of a horizontally disposed right angle side of a high frequency band resonator with a length of 2.2mm to 4mm,
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the amplitude of a metal strip arranged in a vertical direction with the length of the metal strip varying from 6.4mm to 9mm,
Figure 8 is a phase diagram of a metal strip arranged in a vertical direction with a length varying from 6.4mm to 9mm,
Figure 9 is a graph of amplitude when the length of a vertical right-angle side of a high-band resonator is changed from 1.4mm to 4mm,
Figure 10 is a phase diagram of a vertical set of right angle side lengths of a high frequency band resonator from 1.4mm to 4mm,
Figure 11 is a two-dimensional far-field radiation pattern of a subsurface array at 7.5GHz upon x-polarized wave excitation,
Figure 12 is a two-dimensional far-field radiation pattern of a subsurface array at 11.9GHz upon x-polarized wave excitation,
Figure 13 is a far field amplitude distribution plot of a subsurface array at 7.5GHz upon excitation of y-polarized waves,
Figure 14 is a far field phase distribution plot of a subsurface array at 7.5GHz upon excitation of y-polarized waves,
FIG. 15 is a two-dimensional far-field radiation pattern of a subsurface array at 11.9GHz when excited by y-polarized waves.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the problem that the traditional digital super-surface has limited functions, the requirements of the modern microwave millimeter wave system on low profile, high integration, large information capacity and the like cannot be met. The invention provides a novel frequency multiplexing and polarization multiplexing multifunctional digital super-surface capable of realizing four-channel wave front regulation. The method comprises the following steps:
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1 to 15, a multi-functional digital subsurface for four-channel wavefront modulation according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of subsurface units arranged in an array.
The super surface units adopt a single-layer structure, and each super surface unit comprises a metal layer, a dielectric layer and a grounding plate which are sequentially stacked.
The dielectric layer was square, had a side length P x＝Py =10 mm, a thickness of 2mm, a relative dielectric constant of 3.5, and a loss tangent of 0.001.
The metal layer includes a low-band resonator and 4 high-band resonators.
The low-frequency band resonator is used for regulating and controlling the reflection phase of the low-frequency band. The low-frequency band resonator comprises two mutually perpendicular metal strips, two ends of each metal strip are in an arrow shape, the side length k 4 of the arrow is 1.1mm, and the included angle theta between the arrow side and the metal strip is 45 degrees. One metal strip is parallel to one side of the dielectric layer, and the intersection point of the two metal strips coincides with the center point of the surface of the dielectric layer. Each metal strip is provided with two strip-shaped metal sheets which are perpendicular to the metal strip, and the two metal sheets are respectively positioned on two sides of the midpoint of the metal strip and have the same distance with the midpoint. The width of the metal strip and the metal sheet are both 0.3mm, the length k 3 of the metal sheet is 1mm, and the distance k 5 between the metal sheet and the adjacent metal strip end points is 1.5mm.
The 4 high-frequency band resonators are used for regulating and controlling the reflection phase of the high-frequency band and are respectively positioned at four corners of the dielectric layer. Specifically, the high-frequency resonator is a structure formed by encircling a right angle and two arc edges, and the two arc edges are outwards protruded. The connecting line between the intersection point of the two arc-shaped sides and the vertex of the right angle is used as a symmetrical axis, the two arc-shaped sides are in axisymmetrical structures, and the right angle of the high-frequency band resonator is overlapped with the angle of the corresponding dielectric layer. The two arcuate sides are each one quarter of two ellipses, the minor axis lengths r 1 and r 2 of the two ellipses being 1mm.
In this embodiment, for the vertically incident x-polarized plane wave, when one metal strip is disposed in a horizontal direction and the length D x of the metal strip is changed from 8mm to 9mm, the reflection amplitude and phase of the super-surface unit are as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, and it is known from the figure that the super-surface unit can achieve a 180 ° phase difference at 7.5GHz, and the reflection coefficient in the operating band is greater than 0.94. When one right-angle side of the high-frequency resonator is arranged in the horizontal direction and the length k 2 of the right-angle side is changed from 2.2mm to 4mm, the reflection amplitude and the phase of the super-surface unit are shown in fig. 5 and 6, and it is known from the graph that the super-surface unit can realize 180 DEG phase difference at 11.9GHz and the reflection coefficient in the working frequency band is larger than 0.96.
For the y-polarized plane wave vertically incident, when one metal strip is arranged in the vertical direction and the length D y of the metal strip is changed from 6.4mm to 9mm, the reflection amplitude and the phase of the super-surface unit are shown in fig. 7 and 8, and the reflection coefficient of the super-surface unit is larger than 0.94 in the working frequency band and can achieve 300-degree phase difference at 7.5 GHz. When one right-angle side of the high-frequency resonator is arranged in the vertical direction and the length k 1 of the right-angle side is changed from 1.4mm to 4mm, the reflection amplitude and the phase of the corresponding super-surface unit are shown in fig. 9 and 10, and the super-surface unit can realize 180-degree phase difference at 11.9GHz and has a reflection coefficient larger than 0.96 in the working frequency band.
According to the embodiment, two resonators are integrated into the same super-surface unit, and through regulating and controlling the four key geometric parameters of the unit, the super-surface unit can realize four different electromagnetic functions at 7.5GHz and 11.9GHz under the excitation of x-ray and y-ray polarized plane waves. Thus, the single-layer total reflection multifunctional digital super surface capable of realizing beam splitting, abnormal deflection, vortex beam and radar scattering cross section reduction functions is obtained. Under the excitation of x polarized plane waves, the coding sequence '0000111100001111 …' is constructed by regulating the geometric parameter D x, so that the multifunctional digital super-surface according to the present embodiment can implement the beam splitting function at 7.5GHz, as shown in FIG. 11. From the figure, two main lobes clearly appear at + -32 DEG in the two-dimensional far-field radiation diagram, and the dual-beam splitting function is realized. The code sequence "00112233 …" is constructed by adjusting the geometric parameter k 2, so that the multifunctional digital subsurface described in this embodiment implements an abnormal deflection function at 11.9GHz, as shown in fig. 12. As can be seen from the figure, the main lobe position is obviously shifted and the deflection angle is about 18.7 degrees, so that the beam deflection function is realized. Under the excitation of y polarized plane wave, 3-bit coding can be realized by regulating and controlling the geometric parameter D y, and by constructing a sector spiral coding sequence, the proposed multifunctional digital super surface realizes the vortex beam function at 7.5GHz, as shown in figures 13 and 14. As can be seen from the figure, the reflected wave exhibits a circular intensity distribution and a spiral phase distribution, which is consistent with typical vortex beam characteristics. The random code sequence is constructed by regulating the geometric parameter k 1, so that the multifunctional digital super-surface in the embodiment realizes the radar cross-section reduction function at 11.9GHz, as shown in fig. 15. It can be seen from the figure that the reflected wave is scattered into a plurality of beamlets pointing in any direction, and the resulting backscatter intensity is greatly reduced, thus achieving radar cross-section reduction.
In the embodiment, a pair of orthogonally placed low-frequency-band resonator structures are adopted, and the wave beam splitting function of the super surface is realized at 7.5GHz when x-polarized plane waves are excited by utilizing the propagation phase principle and the anisotropic property of the super surface structure; when excited by y polarized plane wave, the super surface realizes vortex beam function at 7.5 GHz. 4 high-frequency band resonator structures are adopted, and the abnormal deflection function of the super surface is realized at 11.9GHz when the x-polarized plane wave is excited by utilizing the propagation phase principle and the anisotropic property of the super surface structure; when the y polarized plane wave is excited, the super surface realizes the radar scattering cross section reduction function at 11.9 GHz.
According to the embodiment, the reflection phase of the super-surface unit at a low frequency can be efficiently controlled by adjusting and controlling the geometric parameters of the orthogonal double-arrow low-frequency-band resonators, and the reflection phase of the super-surface unit at a high frequency can be efficiently controlled by adjusting and controlling the geometric parameters of the four high-frequency-band resonators. The implementation mode integrates the two resonant structures, realizes the novel single-layer four-channel wavefront-controlled multifunctional digital super surface, can realize four independent functions of beam splitting, abnormal deflection, radar scattering cross section reduction and vortex beam with low crosstalk under the excitation of x-polarization plane waves and y-polarization plane waves, simultaneously realizes four different electromagnetic functions by utilizing polarization multiplexing and frequency multiplexing, and has the advantages of high efficiency, low crosstalk and low profile.
Claims (8)
1. A multifunctional digital super-surface for four-channel wave front regulation is characterized by comprising a plurality of super-surface units which are arranged in an array, each super-surface unit comprises a metal layer, a dielectric layer and a grounding plate which are sequentially stacked, the dielectric layer is rectangular,
The metal layer comprises a low-frequency-band resonator and 4 high-frequency-band resonators, the low-frequency-band resonator is positioned at the center of the dielectric layer, and the 4 high-frequency-band resonators are respectively positioned at four corners of the dielectric layer;
the low-frequency resonator comprises two mutually perpendicular metal strips, the two ends of each metal strip are in an arrow shape, one metal strip is mutually parallel to one side of the dielectric layer, the intersection point of the two metal strips coincides with the center point of the surface of the dielectric layer,
Each metal strip is provided with two strip-shaped metal sheets which are perpendicular to the metal strip, and the two metal sheets are respectively positioned at two sides of the midpoint of the metal strip and have the same distance with the midpoint;
The high-frequency band resonator is a structure formed by encircling a right angle and two arc edges, the two arc edges are outwards protruded, a connecting line between the intersection point of the two arc edges and the vertex of the right angle is used as a symmetrical axis, the two arc edges are in axisymmetrical structures, and the right angle of the high-frequency band resonator is mutually overlapped with the angle of the corresponding dielectric layer.
2. A multifunctional digital subsurface for four-channel wave front modulation according to claim 1, wherein the width of the metal strip and the metal sheet are each 0.3mm, the length of the metal sheet is 1mm, and the distance between the metal sheet and the adjacent metal strip end is 1.5mm.
3. A multi-functional digital subsurface for four-channel wavefront manipulation according to claim 1 wherein the arcuate sides are quarter ellipses having a minor axis length of 1mm.
4. The multifunctional digital subsurface for four-channel wave front modulation according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer has a thickness of 2mm, a relative permittivity of 3.5, and a loss tangent of 0.001.
5. A multifunctional digital subsurface for four-channel wave front modulation according to claim 1, wherein for normally incident x-polarized plane waves,
When one metal strip is arranged in the horizontal direction, and the length of the metal strip is changed from 8mm to 9mm, the super-surface unit can realize 180-degree phase difference at 7.5GHz, and the reflection coefficient in the working frequency band is larger than 0.94.
6. A multifunctional digital subsurface for four-channel wave front modulation according to claim 1, wherein for normally incident x-polarized plane waves,
When one right-angle side of the high-frequency band resonator is arranged in the horizontal direction, and the length of the right-angle side is changed from 2.2mm to 4mm, the super-surface unit can realize 180-degree phase difference at 11.9GHz, and the reflection coefficient in the working frequency band is larger than 0.96.
7. A multifunctional digital subsurface for four-channel wave front modulation according to claim 1, wherein for normally incident y-polarized plane waves,
When a metal strip is arranged in the vertical direction, and the length of the metal strip is changed from 6.4mm to 9mm, the super-surface unit can realize 300-degree phase difference at 7.5GHz, and the reflection coefficient in the working frequency band is larger than 0.94.
8. A multifunctional digital subsurface for four-channel wave front modulation according to claim 1, wherein for normally incident y-polarized plane waves,
When a right-angle side of the high-frequency band resonator is arranged in the vertical direction, and the length of the right-angle side is changed from 1.4mm to 4mm, the super-surface unit can realize 180-degree phase difference at 11.9GHz, and the reflection coefficient in the working frequency band is larger than 0.96.
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