CN113033997A - Urban water quality grade determination method, device and medium based on improved set pair analysis - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining urban water quality grade based on improved set pair analysis, which comprises the following steps: s1, identifying risk factors affecting urban water quality, and establishing a water quality risk assessment model; s2, determining the water quality condition evaluation grade and the standard of each water quality evaluation index according to the urban water quality standard specification; s3, determining the weight of each evaluation index of urban water quality by using an analytic hierarchy process based on the water quality risk assessment model established in S1, and calculating the contact degree of each evaluation index by using an improved set pair analysis method; and S4, performing weighted calculation on the association degree of each evaluation index in the region obtained in the S3 and the weight of each evaluation index to obtain the comprehensive association degree of each grade, and taking the comprehensive association degree as the water quality grade of the assessment region. The invention also provides a device and a medium for determining the urban water quality grade based on the improved set pair analysis, which can enable the water quality grade to be determined more efficiently and reasonably.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water resource environment, in particular to a method, a device and a medium for determining urban water quality grade based on improved set pair analysis.
Background
Water resources are critical to sustainable social development and natural systems. The development of water resource sustainability risk assessment is the most important ring in water resource sustainability management. Human activities, such as urban construction, industrial and agricultural practices, and natural processes including soil erosion and climatic conditions, affect water resources. Since the 80's of the 20 th century, the rapid development of cities in china has led to serious water environmental problems, particularly in some super cities and their surrounding areas. To maintain urban aquatic environments, governments invest large amounts of capital in controlling water pollution. This is not only a matter of water quality, but also sediment, ecosystem and vegetation. Therefore, quantification of water quality risk is one of the most challenging issues in protecting aquatic environment, and is also an important premise for further water resource conservation.
According to the existing literature for evaluating urban water body grades at home and abroad, in the water quality determination and grading evaluation, the methods widely applied include an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a numerical simulation calculation method, a set-pair analysis method (SPA) and the like. The set-pair analysis method describes the uncertainty of the system by analyzing the difference between an evaluation sample and a corresponding evaluation standard, so that the set-pair analysis method is more suitable for determining the water quality grade. When the AHP method is used, the weight of each factor needs to be determined by expert questionnaires, and there are two methods for expert questionnaires: one is a method for comparing Saday's factors with each other, and the other is a 1-9 scale method proposed by Lyu and the like (Lyu, H.M., Sun, W.J., Shen, S.L, Zhou, A. (2020). Risk assessment using a new consensuring process in fuzzy AHP. journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE,146(3),04019112.http:// dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE) CO.1943-7862.0001757). The expert questionnaire method of Lyu, etc. can be used not only to determine fuzzy numbers, but also to easily satisfy the consistency requirement of the judgment matrix.
Through the search of documents in the prior art, patent publication No. CN102789546B discloses a reference lake quantification determination method based on human disturbance intensity, and combines an analytic hierarchy process and a traditional comprehensive set pair analytic process to evaluate the disturbance degree of human activities to the lake water quality. However, the existing set-to-set analysis methods all have a common problem: when the set pair analysis method is used for determining the risk level, whether the influence of the evaluation factor on the evaluation result is positive or negative needs to be judged in advance, and then the corresponding formula is selected for calculation, so that the evaluation method has more complicated steps, and the influence of subjective factors on the level evaluation is increased due to the need of judging the positivity or the negativity of the evaluation factor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing set pair analysis method in urban water quality risk grade determination, the invention provides a method, a device and a medium for determining urban water quality grade based on improved set pair analysis, so that the determination of the water quality grade is more efficient and reasonable.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for determining a city water quality grade based on an improved set pair analysis, comprising:
s1, identifying risk factors affecting urban water quality, and establishing a water quality risk assessment model;
s2, determining the water quality condition evaluation grade and the standard of each water quality evaluation index according to the urban water quality standard specification;
s3, determining the weight of each evaluation index of urban water quality by using an analytic hierarchy process based on the water quality risk assessment model established in S1, and calculating the contact degree of each evaluation index by using an improved set pair analysis method;
and S4, performing weighted calculation on the association degree of each evaluation index in the region obtained in the S3 and the weight of each evaluation index to obtain the comprehensive association degree of each grade, and taking the comprehensive association degree as the water quality grade of the assessment region.
Optionally, the S1, including:
s11, identifying and classifying evaluation indexes affecting water quality, and collecting influence parameter data;
and S12, establishing a risk assessment model for influencing water quality according to the collected influence parameter data, wherein the risk assessment model is an index model for urban water quality risk assessment, which is established by considering objective factors.
Optionally, in S3, determining the weight of each evaluation index of the urban water quality by using an analytic hierarchy process includes:
1) constructing a risk assessment judgment matrix A;
establishing a single-layer hierarchical analysis structure through the established water quality risk assessment model, and comparing various evaluation indexes to obtain relative importance aijForming a judgment matrix A; a isijMeans an evaluation index RjAnd RiComparing the obtained relative importance, and analyzing and evaluating by adopting a 1-9-degree standard method; judging that the order n of the matrix A is consistent with the number of the evaluation indexes;
2) solving the evaluation index weight omegaiI.e. solving the maximum characteristic root lambda of the decision matrix AmaxCorresponding feature vector omegai，ωiThe calculation formula is shown as the formula:
in the formula, MiJudging the n-th square root of the product of the ith row elements of the matrix A;
maximum eigenvalue λmaxIs determined by the following formula:
3) judging the matrix A to carry out consistency check;
the condition for judging whether the matrix A meets the consistency is that the consistency check index (CR) is less than or equal to 0.1, and the weight of each evaluation index is the characteristic vector omega obtained by calculationiA component of (a); and if CR is larger than 0.1, judging that the matrix does not meet the consistency check requirement and needing to be reconstructed. Specifically, CR is determined by formula 3):
in the formula, λmaxJudging the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix; n is a judgment matrix order; the RI is a random consistency coefficient of the judgment matrix and is obtained by table lookup.
Alternatively, aijThe element located at the ith row and the jth column of the judgment matrix, and aij×ajiWhen the structure judgment matrix is 1, A is (a)ij)8*8。
Optionally, in S3, calculating the association degree of each evaluation index by using an improved set pair analysis method includes:
improving the existing set analysis method based on interval fuzzy numbers, and expressing the degree of relation by using the absolute value of the distance between an actual value and a corresponding calculation criterion; calculating the degree of relation between the evaluation index of the urban water quality and the evaluation grade standard; wherein,
the interval fuzzy number is an interval on a coordinate axis and consists of the intermediate value of two adjacent standard values in the index evaluation grading standard;
the contact degree is represented by a segmented interval and is calibrated through a contact degree function, and the contact degree obtained after calibration is a relative distance.
Optionally, the specific formula of the contact degree function is as follows:
in the formula, gammamIs a function of degree of contact of multiple elements, alpha is less than or equal to gammam≤β；km-1，km，km+1，km+2Respectively, the grading standards of the evaluation grade N; lm，lm-1，lm+1Are respectively (k)m-1,km),(km,km+1)，(km+1,km+2) The median value of (a), namely:
optionally, in S4, the comprehensive degree of association is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, gammajmThe single degree of association of each index factor under the M classification level is defined; w is ajA weight vector for each evaluation index; gamma raypmThe comprehensive degree of relation of all index factors under the classification level is that gamma is more than or equal to 0pmLess than or equal to 1, calculating the comprehensive contact degree gamma of each classification grade MpmThe closer its value is to 1, the closer the classification level of the region is to M levels.
Optionally, determining the grade of the urban water quality according to the comprehensive contact degree and the maximum membership principle.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for determining a water quality level of a city based on an improved set pair analysis, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and operable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the program is operable to perform the method described above.
According to a third aspect of the invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, is operative to carry out the method as described above.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the device and the medium, risk assessment is carried out based on water quality influence factors, an analytic hierarchy process and a set pair analysis method are comprehensively adopted, subjective and objective combination is achieved, the ambiguity and the uncertainty of the risk assessment are considered, the problem of complicated uncertainty of indexes in an assessment model can be effectively solved, and therefore the accuracy of the risk assessment is improved.
The method, the device and the medium of the invention improve the set-pair analysis method, do not need to judge the index type, simplify the original set-pair analysis method, improve the safety and the stability of decision, and provide a more simple, convenient, reasonable and efficient new method for determining the water quality grade.
The method, the device and the medium of the invention provide an improved set pair analysis method for integrating interval fuzzy numbers into the traditional comprehensive set pair analysis method. The absolute value of the distance between the actual value of the sample and the evaluation standard value is used for expressing the magnitude of the contact degree by the improved set pair analysis method, and the step of judging the positive or negative influence of the evaluation index is omitted, so that the evaluation process is simpler, more convenient, more efficient and more reasonable.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining the grade of urban water quality according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the result of determining water quality class by the improved set of pairs analysis method in one embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining urban water quality grade based on improved set pair analysis, which combines a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and an improved set pair analysis method to determine water quality and analyzes and calculates related index parameters, thereby providing a new method for determining urban water quality grade. The method comprises the steps of firstly identifying risk factors influencing urban water quality, and establishing a water quality risk assessment model; subsequently, determining the water quality condition evaluation grade and the standard of each water quality evaluation index according to the urban water quality standard specification; determining the weight of each evaluation index of the urban water quality by using an analytic hierarchy process, and calculating the degree of relation of each evaluation index by using an improved set pair analytical method; and finally, carrying out weighted calculation on the contact degree of each evaluation index in the region and the index weight to obtain the comprehensive contact degree of each level, and selecting the graded comprehensive contact degree closest to 1 as the water quality grade of the evaluation region.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, by collecting relevant basic parameters of water quality and comprehensively adopting an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and an improved Set Pair Analysis (SPA), the accuracy of risk analysis is improved by combining subjectivity and objectivity, and the water quality grade is determined more efficiently and reasonably by adopting the improved set pair analysis. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, a flow chart of a method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, in which the method for determining the city water quality grade based on the improved set pair analysis includes the following steps:
firstly, identifying and classifying index factors influencing water quality, and collecting influence parameter data.
In the step, the identification and classification of the index factors influencing the water quality refers to the identification and classification of various factors directly influencing the water quality according to the information of urban water quality risk events, national water quality specifications and the like, and the index factors evaluating the water quality can be obtained after the factors are classified.
Specifically, the factors directly influencing the water quality are as follows: the urban water environment real-time monitoring system comprises population density, total domestic production value of per capita, unit area production value, building area ratio, green area ratio, per capita water resource and the like, wherein selected factor indexes are determined by the urban water environment actual conditions.
The specific data affecting the water quality index factors can be obtained by evaluating government official statistical websites of cities, such as regional statistical bureaus and regional water resource management bureaus.
And secondly, establishing a risk assessment model influencing water quality.
In this step, the risk assessment model refers to an index model for urban water quality risk assessment, which is established by considering only objective factors.
The purpose of the risk assessment model is to obtain the weight of the influence of each evaluation index on the urban water quality. The evaluation index refers to a basic factor directly influencing the water quality, and the evaluation model is a single-layer index model.
And thirdly, determining the evaluation grade of the urban water quality and the grading standard of the evaluation index.
The evaluation grades of urban water quality are divided into five categories of 1,2,3,4 and 5 according to the national standard GB3838-2002 'surface water quality Standard'.
The ranking criterion of the evaluation index is determined by the following three aspects: the method comprises the steps of firstly, establishing urban water quality standard by national or local governments, secondly, planning and developing the region, thirdly, obtaining the degree of the selected evaluation factors, namely, the grading standard of each index parameter of the engineering example.
In the present embodiment, the rating level of the evaluation index is consistent with the rating level of the surface water area environment, and is classified into five levels of 1,2,3,4, and 5.
Fourthly, determining the weight of each index for evaluating the water quality through an analytic hierarchy process, specifically:
1) and constructing a risk assessment judgment matrix A.
Establishing a single-layer hierarchical analysis structure through the water quality risk assessment model established in the second step, and comparing all the evaluation indexes to obtain relative importance aijAnd forming a judgment matrix A. a isijMeans evaluation index SjAnd SiComparing the relative importance obtained, and analyzing and evaluating by a 1-9 degree standard method. For example, in one embodiment, aijThe element located at the ith row and the jth column of the judgment matrix, and aij×ajiWhen the structure judgment matrix is 1, A is (a)ij)8*8。
2) Solving the evaluation index weight omegai。
The process of solving the evaluation index weight is substantially to solve the maximum characteristic root lambda of the judgment matrix AmaxCorresponding feature vector omegai，ωiThe calculation formula is shown as a formula.
In formula 1), MiIs the n-th root of the product of the elements in the ith row of the decision matrix a.
Maximum eigenvalue λmaxCan be determined by the following formula 2):
3) and (5) judging the matrix A to carry out consistency check.
The condition for judging whether the matrix A meets the consistency is that the consistency check index CR is less than or equal to 0.1, and the weight of each evaluation index is a characteristic vector omega calculated by formula 1iA component of (a); and if CR is larger than 0.1, judging that the matrix does not meet the consistency check requirement and needing to be reconstructed.
And fifthly, improving the existing set pair analysis method based on the interval fuzzy number, and calculating the degree of relation between the evaluation index of the urban water quality and the evaluation grade standard, specifically:
1) an existing set pair analysis method is improved based on interval fuzzy numbers.
The set-pair analysis method analyzes the identity, the difference and the oppositiveness of two related sets by establishing a related connection degree function between an evaluation actual sample set and an evaluation standard set. The purpose of set-pair analysis is to calculate the degree of association, which is essentially the distance between the actual sample value and the evaluation criterion value. The existing set is divided into a smaller and a larger and a more optimal index type for the analysis method. Therefore, before calculating the contact degree using the correlation contact degree function, the index type needs to be judged in advance.
In this embodiment, the existing set pair analysis method is improved based on the interval fuzzy number, and the degree of association is expressed by the absolute value of the distance between the actual value and the corresponding calculation criterion. Therefore, the evaluation index type does not need to be determined in advance, the steps of the existing set-pair analysis method are simplified, and the safety and the stability of evaluation are improved. The interval fuzzy number is an interval on a coordinate axis and consists of intermediate values of two adjacent standard values in the index evaluation grading standard. The degree of association is represented by a segmented interval, and is calibrated through a degree of association function formula, wherein the degree of association obtained after calibration is a relative distance.
2) In this embodiment, α and β are taken as 1 and 0, specifically:
in the formula, gammamIs a function of the degree of contact of multiple elements; k is a radical ofm-1，km，km+1Respectively, the rating scale of the evaluation grade M; lm，lm-1，lm+1Are respectively (k)m-1,km),(km,km+1)，(km+1,km+2) The median value of (a), namely:
and sixthly, according to the contact degree of the water quality evaluation indexes of all areas of the city obtained by the calculation in the fifth step, overlapping calculation is carried out on the contact degree of each index and the corresponding weight occupied by the evaluation index obtained in the fourth step, and the comprehensive contact degree of each area is obtained, so that the risk level of each area is evaluated.
The comprehensive degree of association of the evaluation indexes is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, gammajmThe single degree of association of each index factor under the M classification level is defined; w is ajA weight vector for each evaluation index; gamma raypmThe comprehensive degree of relation of all index factors under the classification level is that gamma is more than or equal to 0pmLess than or equal to 1, calculating the comprehensive contact degree gamma of each classification grade MpmThe closer its value is to 1, the closer the classification level of the region is to M levels.
In the embodiment, the grade of the urban water quality can be determined according to the comprehensive contact degree and the maximum membership principle.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided an apparatus for determining a city water quality grade based on an improved set pair analysis, including a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the program can be used to execute the above-mentioned method for determining a city water quality grade based on an improved set pair analysis.
In another embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor is operable to perform the above-mentioned method for determining a city water quality class based on an improved set pair analysis.
Specifically, in order to better illustrate the above technical solution of the present invention, specific application examples are provided below:
the above sea market is taken as an example. The total occupation area of the Shanghai is 6530 square kilometers, the population of the ordinary living is over 2500 million, the area is 31 degrees 0 ' N, 121 degrees 0 ' to 122 degrees 0 ' E, the area is the entrance of the Yangtze river, and the area is surrounded by Hangzhou gulf and the east sea. Due to geographical location, surface water resources in Shanghai city are abundant. Shanghai city is divided into sixteen administrative areas, Xuhui, Changning, Jingan, Putuo, Rainbow, Yanpu, Huangbu, Baoshan, Jiading, Pudong, Feng, Jinshan, Min, Songjiang, Qingpu and Chongming island. According to the statistics of Shanghai municipal administration and Shanghai municipal administration in 2011, urban water resources mainly comprise 10 main rivers and 5 lakes. Large amounts of sewage are discharged into the aquatic environment and ecosystem of the plot due to industrial economic development and urbanization processes; in addition, the Yangtze river downstream of Shanghai City, which makes it easier for contaminants in the Yangtze river basin to accumulate in the body of water there. Because surface water quality is one of the important factors affecting human health and biological ecosystem safety, the quality of water resources owned in addition to the total amount of water resources is of greater concern. Therefore, the water quality safety risk evaluation in Shanghai city is of great significance. In the scheme, the quality of Shanghai city water is evaluated and graded by adopting an urban water quality grade determination method based on an improved set pair analysis method.
The method comprises the steps of firstly, identifying and classifying evaluation indexes influencing water quality, and collecting influence parameter data.
The evaluation indexes of the direct influence of the water quality in the embodiment are as follows: (S) population Density1People/square kilometer), and 2 total domestic production value (S)2Yuan/man), and output per unit area (S)3Thousand yuan/square kilometer), and (S) building area ratio4) Fifth area ratio of green (S)5) Water resource (S) for everyone6Cubic meters per person). In this embodiment, water quality parameter data is obtained from Shanghai statistics bureau and Shanghai water resource management bureau.
And secondly, establishing a risk assessment model influencing water quality.
The water quality risk assessment model is a single-layer risk assessment model composed of a target layer (water quality) and a factor layer (the eight evaluation indexes listed in the first step).
And thirdly, determining the evaluation grade of the urban water quality and the grading standard of the evaluation factor.
The urban water quality evaluation grade of the embodiment is the same as the water quality grade in the national standard GB3838-2002 'surface water environmental quality and Water quality Standard', and the specific conditions are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 grading Standard of environmental grade of surface water area
In this embodiment, a specific grading evaluation standard of the urban water quality evaluation factor in Shanghai city is formulated according to the national urban water quality standard, the regional planning and development trend of Shanghai city, and the degree of availability of the statistical data of the Shanghai city statistical bureau and the water resource management bureau, as shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2 grading Standard of surface Water quality evaluation factors
Note: s1～S6With the basic parameter S in the first step1～S6The meaning and the unit are consistent.
Fourthly, determining the weight of each evaluation index through an analytic hierarchy process, specifically:
in this embodiment, a is obtained by comparing 6 factors of the risk indicator model with each other by using a 1-9 scale method proposed by Lyu and the likeijConstructing two judgment matrixes A ═ aij)6*6. Calculating the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix A, and solving the maximum eigenvalue lambdamaxAnd carrying out consistency check on the judgment matrix.
In this embodiment, the feature vector ωiDetermined by formula 1), wherein the value range of i is: 1,2, …, 6; maximum eigenvalue λmaxCan be determined by equation 2), where i and j have a range of values: i, j ═ 1,2, …, 6; will be lambdamaxSubstitution 3), where the table lookup yields RI 1.26.
The calculation result of this embodiment is that the maximum eigenvalue λmaxCorresponding feature vector is ωi(0.194,0.182,0.185,0.191,0.154,0.093), i.e., an evaluation index: population Density (people/km)2，S1) Domestic production of total value (Yuan/ren, S)2) Yield per unit area (10 billion yuan/km)2，S3) Building area ratio (S)4) Green area ratio (S)5) Equal water resource (m)3Person, S6) The weights are 0.194,0.182,0.185,0.191,0.154,0.093, respectively. The consistency of the judgment matrix is checked, and CR is 0.0336 after calculation<0.1, the consistency check passes, indicating that the judgment matrix is reasonable.
And fifthly, improving the existing set pair analysis method based on the interval fuzzy number, and calculating the degree of relation between the evaluation index of the urban water quality and the evaluation grade standard, specifically:
firstly, a set pair analysis relationship H of the embodiment is constructed, the water quality parameter data collected in the second step is an actual numerical value set a, and the index parameter grading standards divided in the third step form an index evaluation standard set B, so that a set pair H is constructed as (a, B).
Next, in this example, five grades (M is 5) are shared according to the water quality grade classified in the third step, and each evaluation is usedGenerating interval fuzzy numbers of standard parameters of the price indexes, and respectively setting the indexes as I e (k)1,-∞)，II∈(k1,k2)，III∈(k2,k3)，IV∈(k3,k4) And V e (k)4, + ∞), wherein the specific grading boundary value of each index parameter is k1,k2,k3,k4See table 2, while calculating the median value l between the two intervals by equation 5)1,l2,l3,l4,l5The method specifically comprises the following steps:
in this embodiment, the degree of association of each evaluation factor is defined as an interval distance, and an absolute value of a distance between an index measured value and a corresponding value in the evaluation criterion is calculated, so that the calculated degree of association is an absolute value. Formula 4) substituting the intermediate value liAnd index boundary value k of each stageiThe degree of association γ of each stage can be obtained1(x),γ2(x),γ3(x),γ4(x) And gamma5(x)。
And sixthly, calculating the contact degree of the water quality evaluation indexes of each region of the city, and performing superposition calculation on the contact degree of each index and the weight occupied by the corresponding index to obtain the comprehensive contact degree of each region, thereby evaluating the risk level of each region of the city.
In the present embodiment, the evaluation index weight ω calculated in the fourth step is (0.194,0.182,0.185,0.191,0.154,0.093), and the degree of association γ of each evaluation index calculated in the fifth step is calculated1(x),γ2(x),γ3(x),γ4(x) And gamma5(x) Substituted into formula 6) to obtain the comprehensive degree of association γ of each regionpk. Classification grade of water quality in urban area according to gammapkThe closer the value is to 1, the closer the classification level of the region is to M levels.
In the example, the grades of the water quality grades of the regions evaluated according to the method are shown in fig. 2. Wherein, Chongming is the area with the best water quality at level 1, Pudong, partial siphon mouth, quiet Ann, Huangpu and Changning are the area with the worst water quality at level 5, Baoshan, Yangpu, Putuo, Xuhui and Minxing belong to water quality at level 4, Pingjiang and Jiading belong to water quality at level 3, and Qingpu, Jinshan and Fengxian belong to water quality at level 2.
And comparing the water resource grading result determined by the improved set-pair analysis method with the actual water quality zoning result of the Shanghai city in 2017, wherein the grades calculated by analyzing and calculating the regional areas of Qingpu, Baoshan, Rainbow, Huangpu, Yangpu, Shuan, Changning, Xuhui, Songjiang and Min are basically consistent with the actual water quality grading. Among them, the Chongming is 3 grade in the current grading, but because the surrounding of the Chongming is surrounded by three water resource areas for supplying water to the Shanghai city, the Chongming water resource area, the grass sand water resource area and the Chengxing water resource area, the water quality of the Chongming water resource area is identical with the evaluation result. In addition, the accuracy of the evaluation and classification of the water quality of the Jiading and Jinshan areas generated after the improvement is improved compared with the accuracy of the original set on the analysis method. The risk distribution result graph is calculated by the improved set pair analysis method, and the grade 4 of water quality evaluation risk classification of parts of the Jiading and Jinshan areas is obviously higher than the grade 3 and the grade 2 of the average water quality of the Jiading and Jinshan areas. And the two areas are respectively provided with a fixed automobile city and a Jinshan petrochemical plant, which shows that the water quality risk distribution is consistent with the actual condition, and the determination of the risk level of the local area is more accurate than that of the original set pair analysis method.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above-described preferred features may be used in any combination without conflict with each other.
Claims (10)
1. A method for determining urban water quality grade based on improved set pair analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, identifying risk factors affecting urban water quality, and establishing a water quality risk assessment model;
s2, determining the evaluation grade of urban water quality and the grading standard of the evaluation index according to the urban water quality standard specification;
s3, determining the weight of each evaluation index of urban water quality by using an analytic hierarchy process based on the risk assessment model established in S1, and meanwhile, calculating by using an improved set pair analysis method to obtain the contact degree of each evaluation index in the area in combination with the standard evaluation grading standard in S2;
and S4, performing weighted calculation on the association degree of each evaluation index in the region obtained in the S3 and the weight of each evaluation index to obtain the comprehensive association degree of each region, and taking the comprehensive association degree as the grade for evaluating the water quality of the region.
2. The method for determining the urban water quality grade based on the improved set pair analysis according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 comprises:
s11, identifying and classifying evaluation indexes affecting water quality, and collecting influence parameter data;
and S12, establishing a risk assessment model for influencing water quality according to the collected influence parameter data, wherein the risk assessment model is an index model for urban water quality risk assessment, which is established by considering objective factors.
3. The method for determining the grade of urban water quality based on the improved set pair analysis according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the weight of each evaluation index of urban water quality by using an analytic hierarchy process in step S3 comprises:
1) constructing a risk assessment judgment matrix A;
establishing a single-layer hierarchical analysis structure through the established water quality risk assessment model, and comparing various evaluation indexes to obtain relative importance aijForming a judgment matrix A; a isijMeans an evaluation index RjAnd RiComparing the obtained relative importance, and analyzing and evaluating by adopting a 1-9-degree standard method; judging that the order n of the matrix A is consistent with the number of the evaluation indexes;
2) solving the evaluation index weight omegaiI.e. solving the maximum characteristic root lambda of the decision matrix AmaxCorresponding feature vector omegai，ωiThe calculation formula is shown as the formula:
in the formula, MiJudging the n-th square root of the product of the ith row elements of the matrix A; a isijIs an element positioned in the ith row and the jth column of the judgment matrix A;
maximum eigenvalue λmaxIs determined by the following formula:
3) judging the matrix A to carry out consistency check;
the condition for judging whether the matrix A meets the consistency is that the consistency check index CR is less than or equal to 0.1, and the weight of each evaluation index is the characteristic vector omega obtained by calculationiA component of (a); if CR is larger than 0.1, judging that the matrix does not meet the consistency check requirement and needs to be reconstructed; specifically, the consistency check index CR is determined by the following formula:
in the formula, λmaxJudging the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix A; n is a judgment matrix order; the RI is a random consistency coefficient of the judgment matrix and is obtained by table lookup.
4. The method for determining the grade of urban water quality based on improved set pair analysis according to claim 3, wherein aij×aji＝1，aijIs an element located in the ith row and jth column of the decision matrix A, ajiConstructing a judgment matrix of A ═ a for the elements in the jth row and ith column of the judgment matrixij)8*8。
5. The method for determining the urban water quality grade based on the improved set pair analysis according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the calculating the degree of relation between the evaluation indexes by using the improved set pair analysis method includes:
improving the existing set analysis method based on interval fuzzy numbers, and expressing the degree of relation by using the absolute value of the distance between an actual value and a corresponding calculation criterion; calculating the degree of relation between the evaluation index of the urban water quality and the evaluation grade standard; wherein,
the interval fuzzy number is an interval on a coordinate axis and consists of the intermediate value of two adjacent standard values in the index evaluation grading standard;
the contact degree is represented by a segmented interval and is calibrated through a contact degree function, and the contact degree obtained after calibration is a relative distance.
6. The method for determining the urban water quality grade based on the improved set pair analysis according to claim 5, wherein the relation degree function has the following specific formula:
in the formula, gammamIs a function of degree of contact of multiple elements, alpha is less than or equal to gammam≤β；km-1，km，km+1Respectively, the rating scale of the evaluation grade M; lm，lm-1，lm+1Are respectively (k)m-1,km),(km,km+1)，(km+1,km+2) The median value of (a), namely:
7. the improvement set pair analysis-based urban water quality grade determination method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the comprehensive degree of association is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, gammajmThe single degree of association of each index factor under the M classification level is defined; w is ajA weight vector for each evaluation index; gamma raypmThe comprehensive degree of relation of all index factors under the classification level is that gamma is more than or equal to 0pmLess than or equal to 1, calculating the comprehensive contact degree gamma of each classification grade MpmThe closer its value is to 1, the closer the classification level of the region is to M levels.
8. The method for determining the grade of urban water quality based on improved set pair analysis according to claim 7, wherein the grade of urban water quality is determined according to comprehensive contact degree and maximum membership principle.
9. An apparatus for determining a city water quality class based on an improved set pair analysis, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the program when executed by the processor is operable to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, is adapted to carry out the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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