CN113030743B - Valve-controlled lead-acid battery state evaluation method based on battery discharge behavior - Google Patents

Valve-controlled lead-acid battery state evaluation method based on battery discharge behavior Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN113030743B
CN113030743B CN202110165163.5A CN202110165163A CN113030743B CN 113030743 B CN113030743 B CN 113030743B CN 202110165163 A CN202110165163 A CN 202110165163A CN 113030743 B CN113030743 B CN 113030743B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
acid battery
single valve
lead
controlled lead
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202110165163.5A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN113030743A (en
Inventor
徐开仁
杜珂
覃剑
黎铭洪
黄晓明
黄厚鑫
唐静
张光资
鲍海波
苏淑敏
唐明峰
吴林恩
陶丁涛
覃云奕
何理国
肖远平
梁元清
耿昌易
罗喜
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nanning Power Supply Bureau of Guangxi Power Grid Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nanning Power Supply Bureau of Guangxi Power Grid Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanning Power Supply Bureau of Guangxi Power Grid Co Ltd filed Critical Nanning Power Supply Bureau of Guangxi Power Grid Co Ltd
Priority to CN202110165163.5A priority Critical patent/CN113030743B/en
Publication of CN113030743A publication Critical patent/CN113030743A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN113030743B publication Critical patent/CN113030743B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of valve-controlled lead-acid battery state evaluation, in particular to a valve-controlled lead-acid battery state evaluation method based on battery discharge behaviors. The invention considers the electric, thermal and nonlinear behaviors and temperature estimation, obtains the open-circuit voltage calculation method under different working conditions by parameters during the discharge of the nonlinear battery nuclear capacity, obtains the battery internal resistance and open-circuit voltage according to experiments, and obtains the battery life evaluation method by the battery temperature, thereby more accurately realizing the service life evaluation of the lead-acid storage battery during engineering application, and deducing the discharge voltage within 10 hours according to a valve-controlled lead-acid storage battery dynamic equivalent circuit model by adopting the calculated voltage of the first 2-3 hours during actual application, saving the discharge time, improving the nuclear capacity verification efficiency of the valve-controlled lead-acid storage battery, and having low error judgment rate when the invention is adopted to evaluate the service life of the valve-controlled lead-acid storage battery.

Description

Valve-controlled lead-acid battery state evaluation method based on battery discharge behavior
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of state evaluation of valve-controlled lead-acid batteries, in particular to a method for evaluating the state of a valve-controlled lead-acid battery based on the discharge behavior of the battery.
Background
The aging of the lead-acid valve-regulated storage battery is mainly shown by capacity attenuation and power reduction. The direct causes of aging include loss of active material, loss of available lead, and increase in internal resistance. In the use process of the lead-acid valve-regulated storage battery, factors such as the running environment, the charging and discharging working conditions, the charging scheme of the battery and the like of the battery all affect the capacity decay rate of the battery, so that the voltage is abnormal.
In the actual production process, according to the operation and maintenance regulations of storage batteries, 0.1C current is mainly adopted for discharging for 10 hours (C is the capacity of the battery) at the temperature of 25 ℃, during discharging, the open-circuit voltage of the battery (the voltage of the storage battery without a load) is measured every 1 hour, if the voltage of a single battery is lower than 1.8V, the capacity of the battery is unqualified, the service life is expired, after discharging for 10 hours, the battery is charged for 10 hours according to the 0.1C current, the verification period of the whole nuclear capacity is long and the cost is high, meanwhile, the scheme does not consider the changes of parameters such as the temperature of the battery, the internal electrochemical reaction and the like, in the measurement process of the existing method, the battery is in a charging and discharging state, the actual measurement value is the open-circuit voltage (the storage battery with a load during discharging), the error of the measurement value is large, and the misjudgment of the service life evaluation of the battery is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for evaluating the state of a valve-controlled lead-acid battery based on the discharge behavior of the battery, which has the following specific technical scheme:
a valve-regulated lead-acid battery state evaluation method based on battery discharge behaviors comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring the actual open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery and the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery, determining whether the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is qualified or not according to the relationship between the open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery and the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery, and if the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is judged to be unqualified, exiting the operation of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery; if the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is judged to be qualified, the step S2 is carried out;
s2: measuring the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery, calculating the change rate of the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery along with the temperature, and if the change rate of the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery along with the temperature is greater than a threshold value, judging that the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is unqualified, and stopping the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery; if the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is judged to be qualified, performing the step S3;
s3: and evaluating the service life of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery according to the functional relation between the actual open-circuit voltage and the discharge time of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery.
Preferably, in the step S1, the relationship between the open-circuit voltage of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery and the temperature of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery is as follows: and when the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃, the open-circuit voltage of the qualified single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is increased by 0-5 mV, when the temperature is increased by 1 ℃, the open-circuit voltage of the qualified single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is reduced by 0-5 mV, and if the open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is increased or reduced within the range of 0-5 mV, the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is judged to be unqualified.
Preferably, the step S2 includes the steps of:
s21: establishing a dynamic equivalent electrical model of the valve-regulated lead-acid battery, wherein the model consists of R capable of capturing dynamic behaviors d1 C 1 To the composition, overvoltage resistance R d1 And an overvoltage capacitor C 1 After being connected in parallel, the internal resistance R in the discharge period d In series, the actual open circuit voltage of the valve-regulated lead-acid battery during discharge is calculated by the following equation (1):
V ter (n)＝OCV(n)-R d (n)i dis (n)-V c1 (n)；(1)
wherein, V ter Shows the actual open-circuit voltage, V, of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery ter (n) represents the actual open circuit voltage of the unit valve-regulated lead-acid battery discharged for the nth time; OCV represents the theoretical open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery, and OCV (n) represents the theoretical open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery discharged for the nth time; v c1 Is an overvoltage capacitor C 1 Voltage across, V c1 (n) overvoltage capacitor C for nth discharge 1 The voltage across; r is d (n) represents the internal resistance during the nth discharge; i all right angle dis Indicating the current at discharge, i dis (n) represents a current at the time of the nth discharge;
s22: calculating the internal resistance R during the nth discharge d (n)：
Figure GDA0003711440820000021
S23: calculating the overvoltage resistance R during the nth discharge d1 (n)：
R d1 (n)＝g(i dis (n),OCV(n))＝g 1 (i dis (n))·g 2 (OCV(n))；(3)
By quadratic functionsFor over-voltage resistor R d1 (n) is fitted to the change in theoretical open circuit voltage OCV (n) to obtain the following equation:
g 2 (OCV(n))＝a Rd1 OCV(n) 2 +b Rd1 OCV(n)+c Rd1 ；(4)
wherein, a Rd1 、b Rd1 、c Rd1 Is a constant;
by exponential function on the over-voltage resistance R d1 (n) fitting to the change in current upon discharge to obtain the following equation:
Figure GDA0003711440820000022
wherein, a d1 、b d1 Is a constant;
then:
Figure GDA0003711440820000023
s24: calculating the total internal resistance during discharge:
Figure GDA0003711440820000031
s25: calculating the change rate of the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery along with the temperature:
Figure GDA0003711440820000032
if Δ is not less than Δ max If not, judging the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery to be qualified, wherein delta max The internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is a threshold value of the rate of change of the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery along with the temperature; t is a unit of bat (n) is the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery during the nth discharge; t is bat (n + 1) is the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery during the (n + 1) th discharge; t is bat (n+1)-T bat (n) shows the valve control of two adjacent discharge cellsThe temperature variation of the lead-acid battery; r int (n+1)-R int And (n) represents the internal resistance variation of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery discharged twice in adjacent times.
Preferably, the theoretical open-circuit voltage OCV (n) of the unit valve-regulated lead-acid battery discharged at the nth time is calculated as follows: the state of charge SOC of a single valve regulated lead acid battery can be estimated in ampere hours and is expressed as:
Figure GDA0003711440820000033
in the formula, SOC (initial) is the initial charging state of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery, C rated The rated capacity of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is shown, and t is charging time. By adopting a curve fitting method in a single valve-regulated lead-acid battery manufacturer data table, the SOC value of the charging state can be further applied to calculate the theoretical open-circuit voltage OCV (n) of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery discharged for the nth time:
OCV(n)＝α×SOC(t)+β；(8)
wherein α and β are constants.
Preferably, the temperature variation T of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery with two adjacent discharges bat (n+1)-T bat The calculation of (n) is as follows: the total heat generated in the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is divided into two parts, namely joule heat and heat generated by convection loss;
the amount of heat generated inside the battery by joule heat is given by the following formula:
H gen (n)＝∫i dis (n) 2 R int (n)；(9)
H gen (n) represents the amount of heat generated by the nth discharge;
according to newton's law of cooling:
Figure GDA0003711440820000034
wherein, T amb (n) is the environmental temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery during the nth discharge, and lambda isThe cooling rate of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery;
in order to be used as an estimator in a microcontroller, the formula (9) needs to be discretized:
Figure GDA0003711440820000041
Figure GDA0003711440820000042
T bat (n)＝T rise (n)+T amb ；(13)
obtaining the temperature variation T of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery with two adjacent discharges according to the formulas (10), (12) and (13) bat (n+1)-T bat (n) is calculated as follows:
Figure GDA0003711440820000043
T rise (n) represents the temperature of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery rising during the nth discharge; t is a unit of rise (n + 1) represents the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery rising during the discharge of the (n + 1) th time; m is the mass of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery; s. the p Is a specific heat capacity; t is t s Is the sampling time; the cooling rate lambda of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery is calculated in the following mode:
Figure GDA0003711440820000044
a is the area of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery; and h is the heat transfer coefficient of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery.
Preferably, the step S3 includes the steps of:
s31: the following equation is further derived from equation (1):
Figure GDA0003711440820000045
wherein, tau 1 For the time constant, the calculation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003711440820000046
wherein, a τd 、b τd Is the constant of the fit;
then equation (16) translates to the following:
Figure GDA0003711440820000047
when the actual open-circuit voltage V of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is calculated by the formula (18) ter And (n) when the voltage is lower than 1.8V, the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery is considered to be unqualified, and the service life of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery is expired.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for evaluating the state of a valve-controlled lead-acid battery based on the discharge behavior of the battery, which considers the electric, thermal and nonlinear behaviors and temperature estimation, obtains a calculation method of open-circuit voltage under different working conditions by parameters during the discharge of the nuclear capacity of the nonlinear battery, obtains the internal resistance of the battery, the open-circuit voltage and an evaluation method of the battery temperature to the service life of the battery according to experiments, more accurately realizes the service life evaluation of the lead-acid battery during engineering application, can adopt the calculated voltage of the first 2-3 hours during actual application, deduces the discharge voltage within 10 hours according to a dynamic equivalent circuit model of the valve-controlled lead-acid battery, saves the discharge time, improves the efficiency of verifying the nuclear capacity of the valve-controlled lead-acid battery, and has low error rate when the invention is adopted to evaluate the service life of the valve-controlled lead-acid battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic equivalent electrical model of a valve-regulated lead-acid battery of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is R d The result graph of exponential fitting of (1);
FIG. 3 shows R at different discharge current levels d1 A graph of results fitted to a theoretical open circuit voltage;
FIG. 4 is R d1 The result graph of exponential fitting of (1);
FIG. 5 shows τ at different discharge current levels 1 The result graph of exponential fitting of (1);
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison result between the actual open-circuit voltage calculated by the experimental verification of the present invention and the actual open-circuit voltage actually measured;
FIG. 7 is a graph of open circuit voltage versus temperature for a valve-regulated lead acid battery;
FIG. 8 is a relationship between the internal resistance change rate and the temperature of the valve-regulated lead-acid battery.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
a valve-regulated lead-acid battery state evaluation method based on battery discharge behaviors comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring the actual open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery and the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery, determining whether the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is qualified or not according to the relationship between the open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery and the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery, and if the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is judged to be unqualified, exiting the operation of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery; if the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is judged to be qualified, the step S2 is carried out;
the relationship between the open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery and the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery in the step S1 is as follows: and when the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃, the open-circuit voltage of the qualified single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is increased by 0-5 mV, when the temperature is increased by 1 ℃, the open-circuit voltage of the qualified single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is reduced by 0-5 mV, and if the open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is increased or reduced out of the range of 0-5 mV, the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is judged to be unqualified.
S2: measuring the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery, calculating the change rate of the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery along with the temperature, and if the change rate of the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery along with the temperature is greater than a threshold value, judging that the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is unqualified, and stopping the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery; and if the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is judged to be qualified, the step S3 is carried out.
The step S2 includes the steps of:
s21: establishing a dynamic equivalent electrical model of the valve-regulated lead-acid battery, wherein the model consists of R capable of capturing dynamic behaviors d1 C 1 To composition, overvoltage resistance R d1 And an overvoltage capacitor C 1 After being connected in parallel, the internal resistance R in the discharge period d Series, diode D d1 、D d For indicating the direction of current flow only, internal resistance R during discharge d Reacting the concentration of electrolyte inside the battery; overvoltage resistor R d1 Reacting the state of activated materials in the storage battery; when the deviation between the calculated values of the parameters and the calculated values of the invention is larger, the problem exists in different parts in the battery.
The actual open-circuit voltage of the valve-regulated lead-acid battery during discharge is calculated by the following formula (1):
V ter (n)＝OCV(n)-R d (n)i dis (n)-V c1 (n)；(1)
wherein, V ter Shows the actual open-circuit voltage, V, of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery ter (n) represents the actual open circuit voltage of the unit valve-regulated lead-acid battery discharged for the nth time; OCV represents the theoretical open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery, and OCV (n) represents the theoretical open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery discharged for the nth time; v c1 As an overvoltage capacitor C 1 Voltage across, V c1 (n) overvoltage capacitor C for nth discharge 1 The voltage across; r is d (n) represents an internal resistance during the nth discharge; i.e. i dis Indicating the current at discharge, i dis (n) represents a current at the time of the nth discharge.
The theoretical open-circuit voltage OCV (n) of the unit valve-regulated lead-acid battery discharged for the nth time is calculated as follows:
the state of charge SOC of a single valve-regulated lead acid battery can be estimated in amp-hours and expressed as:
Figure GDA0003711440820000061
in the formula, SOC (initial) is the initial charging state of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery, C rated The rated capacity of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is shown, and t is the charging time. By adopting a curve fitting method in a single valve-regulated lead-acid battery manufacturer data table, the SOC value of the charging state can be further applied to calculate the theoretical open-circuit voltage OCV (n) of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery discharged for the nth time:
OCV(n)＝α×SOC(t)+β；(8)
where α and β are constants, α =1.47 and β =0.9. The linear approximation of OCV and SOC is effective between 10% and 90%. However, the relationship between the OCV and the SOC is not linear beyond the above range. Thus, in the present analysis, SOC is considered to be between 10% and 90%.
S22: calculating the internal resistance R during the nth discharge d (n), the experimental fit is shown in FIG. 2:
Figure GDA0003711440820000062
s23: calculating the overvoltage resistance R during the nth discharge d1 (n)：
R d1 (n)＝g(i dis (n),OCV(n))＝g 1 (i dis (n))·g 2 (OCV(n))；(3)
By quadratic function to over-voltage resistance R d1 (n) is fitted to the variation of the theoretical open-circuit voltage OCV (n) with a fitting error of + -1.5%, as shown in FIG. 3, to obtain the following equation:
g 2 (OCV(n))＝a Rd1 OCV(n) 2 +b Rd1 OCV(n)+c Rd1 ；(4)
wherein, a Rd1 、b Rd1 、c Rd1 Is a constant;
by exponential function on the over-voltage resistance R d1 (n) is fitted to the change in current at the time of discharge, as shown in FIG. 4, to obtain the following equation:
Figure GDA0003711440820000071
wherein, a d1 、b d1 Is a constant;
then:
Figure GDA0003711440820000072
s24: calculating the total internal resistance during discharge:
Figure GDA0003711440820000073
s25: calculating the change rate of the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery along with the temperature:
Figure GDA0003711440820000074
if Δ is not less than Δ max If not, determining that the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is qualified, wherein delta max The internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is a threshold value of the rate of change of the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery along with the temperature; t is bat (n) is the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery during the nth discharge; t is a unit of bat (n + 1) is the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery during the discharge of the (n + 1) th time; t is bat (n+1)-T bat (n) represents the temperature variation of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery discharged twice; r is int (n+1)-R int And (n) represents the internal resistance variation of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery discharged twice in adjacent times.
Temperature variation T of adjacent twice-discharging single valve-controlled lead-acid battery bat (n+1)-T bat The calculation of (n) is as follows:
the total heat generated in the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is divided into two parts, namely joule heat and heat generated by convection loss;
the amount of heat generated inside the battery by joule heat is given by the following formula:
H gen (n)＝∫i dis (n) 2 R int (n)；(9)
H gen (n) represents the amount of heat generated by the nth discharge;
according to newton's law of cooling:
Figure GDA0003711440820000081
wherein, T amb (n) is the environmental temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery during the nth discharge, and lambda is the cooling rate of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery;
in order to be used as an estimator in a microcontroller, the formula (9) needs to be discretized:
Figure GDA0003711440820000082
Figure GDA0003711440820000083
T bat (n)＝T rise (n)+T amb ；(13)
obtaining the temperature variation T of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery with two adjacent discharges according to the formulas (10), (12) and (13) bat (n+1)-T bat (n) is calculated as follows:
Figure GDA0003711440820000084
T rise (n) represents the temperature of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery rising during the nth discharge; t is a unit of rise (n + 1) represents the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery rising during the (n + 1) th discharge; m is the mass of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery; s p Is a specific heat capacity; t is t s Is the sampling time; the cooling rate lambda of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is calculated in the following mode:
Figure GDA0003711440820000085
a is the area of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery; and h is the heat transfer coefficient of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery.
S3: and evaluating the service life of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery according to the functional relation between the actual open-circuit voltage and the discharge time of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery. Step S3 includes the following steps:
s31: the following equation is further derived from equation (1):
Figure GDA0003711440820000086
wherein, tau 1 For the time constant, the calculation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003711440820000087
wherein, a τd 、b τd Is the constant of the fit; the fit is shown in fig. 5.
Then equation (16) translates to the following:
Figure GDA0003711440820000091
when the actual open-circuit voltage V of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is calculated by the formula (18) ter And (n) when the voltage is lower than 1.8V, the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery is considered to be unqualified, and the service life of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery is expired.
The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the actual open circuit voltage response estimated by the formula (18) of the present invention with the voltage response measured in the experiment where the discharge current was 20A (C =200 AH) and the discharge time was 10 hours. As is clear from fig. 6, the change in the actual open circuit voltage obtained from the equation (18) and the experimentally obtained V ter Are very close, the error is onlyIs 0.04%.
The parameters of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery in this example are shown in table 1 below:
table 1 specification of battery parameters for thermal modeling
(symbol) Means of Numerical value
m Quality of 9.6Kg
T amb Ambient temperature 25℃
λ Rate of cooling 0.003/sec
A Area of 0.062m 2
S p Specific heat capacity 0.22Wh/Kg·K
h Coefficient of heat transfer 100W/m 2 ·K
Table 1 table of discharge constants
Serial number Constant of discharge Numerical value
1 a od 0.1076
2 b od -0.343
3 a d1 0.18
4 b d1 -1.074
5 a Rd1 0.097
6 b Rd1 -2.325
7 c Rd1 13.9
8 a τd 227
9 b τd -1.28
An example of an application of the present application is given below:
aiming at the operation and maintenance rules of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery, in order to prevent the operation and maintenance modes that the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery needs to be charged for 10 hours and discharged for 10 hours, the service life evaluation flow of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is as follows:
and (3) temperature evaluation of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery:
experiment: the method comprises the steps of selecting 104 qualified single valve-controlled lead-acid batteries and 104 unqualified single valve-controlled lead-acid batteries at a reference temperature of 25 ℃, changing the temperature between 20 ℃ and 30 ℃, keeping each temperature value for 1 hour, and measuring the open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid batteries after ensuring the stable temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid batteries, wherein the selected voltage of the qualified single valve-controlled lead-acid batteries has the maximum change value, the selected voltage of the unqualified single valve-controlled lead-acid batteries has the minimum change value, the voltage of the qualified single valve-controlled lead-acid batteries is increased by (0-5) mV when the voltage is decreased by 1 ℃, and the voltage of the qualified single valve-controlled lead-acid batteries is decreased by (0-5) mV when the voltage is increased by 1 ℃, as shown in figure 7. And when the voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery does not meet the condition, judging that the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is unqualified, and exiting the operation.
Evaluating the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery:
selecting 104 qualified single valve-controlled lead-acid batteries and 104 unqualified single valve-controlled lead-acid batteries, changing the temperature between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, and measuring each momentMeasuring the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery after each temperature value lasts for 1 hour and the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is stable, wherein the internal resistance of the qualified single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is the maximum value of the internal resistance change, the minimum change rate of the unqualified single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is the minimum change rate, and the internal resistance change rates of the qualified single valve-controlled lead-acid battery along with the temperature are all less than 1.9%; the internal resistance change rate of unqualified single valve-controlled lead-acid batteries along with the temperature is more than 1.9 percent, and delta at the moment max The setting is 1.9%, as shown in fig. 8.
And (4) evaluating the service life of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery according to the function relation of the actual open-circuit voltage and the discharge time of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery in the formula (18).
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for evaluating the state of a valve-regulated lead-acid battery based on the discharge behavior of the battery is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring the actual open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery and the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery, determining whether the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is qualified or not according to the relationship between the open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery and the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery, and if the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is judged to be unqualified, exiting the operation of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery; if the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is judged to be qualified, the step S2 is carried out;
s2: measuring the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery, calculating the change rate of the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery along with the temperature, and if the change rate of the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery along with the temperature is greater than a threshold value, judging that the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is unqualified, and stopping the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery; if the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is judged to be qualified, performing the step S3; the method comprises the following steps:
s21: establishing valve-controlled lead-acid batteryThe model is composed of R capable of capturing dynamic behaviors d1 C 1 To the composition, overvoltage resistance R d1 And an overvoltage capacitor C 1 After parallel connection, the internal resistance R during discharging d In series, the actual open circuit voltage of the valve-regulated lead-acid battery during discharge is calculated by the following equation (1):
V ter (n)＝OCV(n)-R d (n)i dis (n)-V c1 (n)；(1)
wherein, V ter Shows the actual open-circuit voltage, V, of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery ter (n) represents the actual open circuit voltage of the unit valve-regulated lead-acid battery discharged for the nth time; OCV represents the theoretical open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery, and OCV (n) represents the theoretical open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery discharged for the nth time; v c1 Is an overvoltage capacitor C 1 Voltage across, V c1 (n) overvoltage capacitor C for nth discharge 1 The voltage across; r is d (n) represents an internal resistance during the nth discharge; i all right angle dis Indicating the current at discharge, i dis (n) represents a current at the time of the nth discharge;
s22: calculating the internal resistance R during the nth discharge d (n)：
Figure FDA0003711440810000011
Wherein, a od 、b od Is the discharge constant;
s23: calculating the overvoltage resistance R during the nth discharge d1 (n)：
R d1 (n)＝g(i dis (n),OCV(n))＝g 1 (i dis (n))·g 2 (OCV(n))； (3)
By quadratic function to overvoltage resistance R d1 (n) is fitted to the change in theoretical open circuit voltage OCV (n) to obtain the following equation:
g 2 (OCV(n))＝a Rd1 OCV(n) 2 +b Rd1 OCV(n)+c Rd1 ； (4)
wherein, a Rd1 、b Rd1 、c Rd1 Is a constant;
by exponential function on the over-voltage resistance R d1 (n) fitting to the change in current at the time of discharge to obtain the following equation:
Figure FDA0003711440810000021
wherein, a d1 、b d1 Is a constant;
then:
Figure FDA0003711440810000022
s24: calculating the total internal resistance during discharge:
Figure FDA0003711440810000023
s25: calculating the rate of change of the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery along with the temperature:
Figure FDA0003711440810000024
if Δ is not less than Δ max If not, judging the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery to be qualified, wherein delta max The internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is a threshold value of the rate of change of the internal resistance of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery along with the temperature; t is bat (n) is the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery during the nth discharge; t is a unit of bat (n + 1) is the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery during the (n + 1) th discharge; t is a unit of bat (n+1)-T bat (n) represents the temperature variation of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery discharged twice adjacently; r int (n+1)-R int (n) represents the internal resistance variable quantity of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery discharging twice;
s3: and evaluating the service life of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery according to the functional relation between the actual open-circuit voltage and the discharge time of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery.
2. The method for evaluating the state of the valve-regulated lead-acid battery based on the battery discharge behavior according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the relationship between the open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery and the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery in the step S1 is as follows: and when the temperature is reduced by 1 ℃, the open-circuit voltage of the qualified single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is increased by 0-5 mV, when the temperature is increased by 1 ℃, the open-circuit voltage of the qualified single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is reduced by 0-5 mV, and if the open-circuit voltage of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is increased or reduced within the range of 0-5 mV, the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is judged to be unqualified.
3. The method for evaluating the state of the valve-regulated lead-acid battery based on the battery discharge behavior according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the theoretical open-circuit voltage OCV (n) of the unit valve-controlled lead-acid battery discharged for the nth time is calculated as follows:
the state of charge SOC of a single valve regulated lead acid battery can be estimated in ampere hours and is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003711440810000025
in the formula, SOC (initial) is the initial charging state of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery, C rated The rated capacity of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is shown, and t is charging time; by adopting a curve fitting method in a single valve-controlled lead-acid battery manufacturer data table, the SOC value of the charging state can be further applied to calculate the theoretical open-circuit voltage OCV (n) of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery discharged for the nth time:
OCV(n)＝α×SOC(t)+β； (8)
wherein α and β are constants.
4. The method for evaluating the state of the valve-regulated lead-acid battery based on the discharge behavior of the battery according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that: temperature variation T of adjacent twice-discharging single valve-controlled lead-acid battery bat (n+1)-T bat The calculation of (n) is as follows:
the total heat generated in the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is divided into two parts, namely joule heat and heat generated by convection loss;
the amount of heat generated inside the battery by joule heat is given by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003711440810000031
H gen (n) represents the amount of heat generated by the nth discharge;
according to newton's law of cooling:
Figure FDA0003711440810000032
wherein, T amb (n) is the environmental temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery during the nth discharge, and lambda is the cooling rate of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery;
in order to be used as an estimator in a microcontroller, the formula (9) needs to be discretized:
Figure FDA0003711440810000033
Figure FDA0003711440810000034
T bat (n)＝T rise (n)+T amb ； (13)
obtaining the temperature variation T of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery with two adjacent discharges according to the formulas (10), (12) and (13) bat (n+1)-T bat (n) is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0003711440810000035
T rise (n) represents the temperature of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery rising during the nth discharge; t is a unit of rise (n + 1) represents the temperature of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery rising during the discharge of the (n + 1) th time; m is the mass of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery; s. the p Is a specific heat capacity; t is t s Is the sampling time; the cooling rate lambda of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is calculated in the following mode:
Figure FDA0003711440810000041
a is the area of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery; and h is the heat transfer coefficient of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery.
5. The method for evaluating the state of the valve-regulated lead-acid battery based on the battery discharge behavior according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S3 includes the steps of:
s31: the following equation is further derived from equation (1):
Figure FDA0003711440810000042
wherein, t s For the sampling time, τ 1 For the time constant, the calculation is as follows:
Figure FDA0003711440810000043
wherein, a τd 、b τd Is a constant of fit;
then equation (16) translates to the following:
Figure FDA0003711440810000044
when the actual open-circuit voltage V of the single valve-controlled lead-acid battery is calculated by the formula (18) ter And (n) when the voltage is lower than 1.8V, the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery is considered to be unqualified, and the service life of the single valve-regulated lead-acid battery is expired.
CN202110165163.5A 2021-02-06 2021-02-06 Valve-controlled lead-acid battery state evaluation method based on battery discharge behavior Active CN113030743B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110165163.5A CN113030743B (en) 2021-02-06 2021-02-06 Valve-controlled lead-acid battery state evaluation method based on battery discharge behavior

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110165163.5A CN113030743B (en) 2021-02-06 2021-02-06 Valve-controlled lead-acid battery state evaluation method based on battery discharge behavior

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113030743A CN113030743A (en) 2021-06-25
CN113030743B true CN113030743B (en) 2022-11-08

Family

ID=76460314

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110165163.5A Active CN113030743B (en) 2021-02-06 2021-02-06 Valve-controlled lead-acid battery state evaluation method based on battery discharge behavior

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113030743B (en)

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3792874B2 (en) * 1998-01-20 2006-07-05 関西電力株式会社 Lead-acid battery life determination device, life prediction device, life determination method, and life prediction method
WO2007069595A1 (en) * 2005-12-14 2007-06-21 Shin-Kobe Electric Machinery Co., Ltd. Battery state judging method, and battery state judging device
JP2015210182A (en) * 2014-04-25 2015-11-24 カルソニックカンセイ株式会社 Performance estimation device and performance estimation method of lead acid storage battery
CN104502849A (en) * 2014-12-12 2015-04-08 国家电网公司 Online and real-time measuring method for surplus capacity of transformer substation valve control type sealed lead-acid storage battery
CN106483470B (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-12-11 清华大学 Battery residual discharge energy prediction method based on future operation condition prediction
CN108196200B (en) * 2018-01-28 2020-08-28 复旦大学 Combined simulation evaluation method for health and state of charge of lithium battery
CN108931738A (en) * 2018-08-22 2018-12-04 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 A kind of method and system of health status that assessing lithium battery
CN109375115B (en) * 2018-09-29 2019-06-25 佳木斯大学 Lead-acid accumulator SOH estimation method and device based on algorithm
CN110333449B (en) * 2018-10-08 2021-09-17 林德（中国）叉车有限公司 Lead-acid battery residual capacity calculation method and monitoring system
CN110320474A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-10-11 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A kind of life-span prediction method of lithium ion battery Ageing Model
CN110376528B (en) * 2019-07-25 2021-12-07 珠海银河智能电网有限公司 On-line evaluation method and system for lead-acid storage battery pack and storage medium
CN111830422B (en) * 2020-06-22 2022-04-22 国网河南省电力公司电力科学研究院 State evaluation method and device for storage battery for transformer substation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113030743A (en) 2021-06-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN109980309B (en) Overload-prevention power battery charging and discharging supervision control method
CN108919129B (en) Service life prediction method of power battery under time-varying working condition
US7132832B2 (en) Self-diagnosis system for an energy storage device
EP2629109B1 (en) Electrical storage device
CN111216593B (en) New energy vehicle, power supply control method and storage medium
CN109444762B (en) Lithium ion battery health state estimation method based on data fusion
CN109856548B (en) Power battery capacity estimation method
CN105634063B (en) A kind of active equalization method based on battery history data
WO2012016442A1 (en) Charge equalizing control method for power battery pack
WO2019225032A1 (en) Method for ascertaining capacity of storage battery, and capacity-monitoring device
CN110850306B (en) Inspection method and manufacturing method for electricity storage device
CN109581228B (en) Method for quickly calculating absolute capacity of battery pack
JP2022502990A (en) Abnormal self-discharge detection of lithium ion cell and battery system
EP1649538B1 (en) Battery float management
CN111965557A (en) Backup power reliability assessment method and device
CN113075558B (en) Battery SOC estimation method, device and system
JP3505111B2 (en) Operation method of sodium-sulfur battery
CN113030743B (en) Valve-controlled lead-acid battery state evaluation method based on battery discharge behavior
CN110133534B (en) Method for evaluating aging tendency of storage battery
CN113270656A (en) Method for determining the aging state of at least one electrical energy storage unit
JP2004039434A (en) Charge control method of lead-acid battery
Kajs et al. BUS high current battery model
WO2024009854A1 (en) Economic feasibility estimation device and economic feasibility estimation method using charge and discharge curve of battery
LIM et al. A Development of Battery Aging Prediction Model Based on Actual Vehicle Driving Pattern
US20240094302A1 (en) Methods and systems for mitigating battery defects

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant