CN113030615A - Multichannel high-voltage radio frequency sampling device - Google Patents

Multichannel high-voltage radio frequency sampling device Download PDF

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CN113030615A
CN113030615A CN202110228373.4A CN202110228373A CN113030615A CN 113030615 A CN113030615 A CN 113030615A CN 202110228373 A CN202110228373 A CN 202110228373A CN 113030615 A CN113030615 A CN 113030615A
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voltage
frequency
voltage radio
capacitor
radio frequency
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刘澜
肖越
刘和洋
谢雨润
杨天罡
杨学明
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Southwest University of Science and Technology
Southern University of Science and Technology
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ion trap mass spectrometry, and discloses a multichannel high-voltage radio frequency sampling device with a simpler and more stable structure, which comprises: the PCB circuit board is etched with two parallel copper wires with equal length and close distance to form a capacitor structure; the PCB is provided with a high-voltage radio frequency interface and a sampling output interface; the high-voltage radio frequency interface is coupled with the sampling output interface through a parallel copper wire; one end of the high-voltage radio frequency interface is connected with a high-voltage radio frequency power supply through a claw spring needle seat and used for receiving a high-voltage radio frequency signal; the sampling output interface is used for sensing the high-voltage radio-frequency signal and forming a low-voltage radio-frequency signal with the same frequency as the high-voltage radio-frequency signal, the high-voltage radio-frequency signal is analyzed and measured by detecting the low-voltage radio-frequency signal, and a plurality of structures can be etched in the plate manufacturing process to form the multi-channel sampling device.

Description

Multichannel high-voltage radio frequency sampling device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ion trap mass spectrometry, in particular to a multi-channel high-voltage radio frequency sampling device which can realize the quick real-time online sampling of high-voltage radio frequency signals.
Background
The sampling measurement of the radio frequency signal generally includes two methods, namely a capacitive voltage division method and a resistive voltage division method. In order to measure a high-voltage rf signal of kilovolt, a capacitive voltage-dividing circuit is generally used, which has the advantages that a sampling circuit has a small influence on a main circuit and is high in safety. At present, a conventional capacitive voltage division sampling circuit commonly used for measuring a radio frequency high voltage signal is generally configured as shown in fig. 1, and a path of two capacitors (C1 and C2 of fig. 1) connected in series is generally connected in parallel at a measurement position, so that when a radio frequency signal flows through a main circuit, a smaller sampling signal with the same frequency can be induced between the two capacitors. However, in the conventional circuit design, two commercial high-voltage-resistant capacitors (e.g., ceramic capacitors) with different capacitance values are used to form the capacitor voltage divider circuit, which results in increased cost and occupies a larger space, and when a plurality of high-voltage rf samples are required, the required cost and device space are also increased.
Therefore, how to simplify the structure of the sampling circuit and reduce the production cost becomes a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to provide a simple and stable multi-channel high voltage rf sampling device, which is designed to overcome the defects that the existing circuit design in the prior art uses two commercial high voltage tolerant capacitors (e.g., ceramic capacitors) with different capacitance values to form a capacitor voltage divider circuit, which results in increased cost and occupies a larger space.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a multichannel high-pressure radio frequency sampler device is constructed, comprising:
the PCB circuit board is directly etched with two parallel copper wires with equal length and close distance to form a capacitor structure;
the PCB is provided with a high-voltage radio frequency input and output interface and a sampling output interface; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the high-voltage radio frequency interface is coupled with the sampling output interface through a parallel copper wire;
one end of the high-voltage radio frequency interface is connected with a high-voltage radio frequency power supply through a claw spring needle seat and is used for receiving high-voltage radio frequency signals, and the other end of the high-voltage radio frequency interface is connected with an electrode end through a claw spring jack;
the parallel copper wires connected with the sampling output interface are used for sensing the high-voltage radio-frequency signal and forming a low-voltage radio-frequency signal with the same frequency as the high-voltage radio-frequency signal, and the high-voltage radio-frequency signal is analyzed and measured by detecting the low-voltage radio-frequency signal; or
And a plurality of the structures can be repeated to form a multi-channel sampling device.
In some embodiments, two parallel copper wires with equal length and close distance are etched on the PCB, and the formed capacitor structure is a first capacitor.
In some embodiments, the two copper wires of the first capacitor are 10mm-15mm long and 1.300mm-1.420mm apart.
In some embodiments, a second capacitor is further disposed on the PCB, one end of the second capacitor is commonly connected to one end of the first capacitor and one end of the sampling output interface, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected to a common terminal.
In some embodiments, the voltage across the first capacitor is set to U1, the voltage across the second capacitor is set to U2,
setting the voltage to be tested as U, and according to the formula:
Figure BDA0002957016140000021
therefore, the following steps are carried out:
Figure BDA0002957016140000022
the ratio of the measured voltage to the actual output voltage is therefore:
Figure BDA0002957016140000031
in some embodiments, the first capacitor may measure a radio frequency signal having a frequency in a range of 1kHz to 100MHz, and a ratio of the sampled voltage signal to the actual voltage signal does not vary significantly with the frequency of the radio frequency signal.
In some embodiments, the capacitance of the first capacitor may be set to a magnitude of pF, and the insulating medium in the first capacitor is an insulating material.
The multichannel high-voltage radio frequency sampling device comprises a PCB (printed Circuit Board), wherein two parallel copper wires with equal length and close distance are etched on the PCB to form a capacitor structure; the high-pressure radio frequency interface is coupled with the sampling output interface through a parallel copper wire; one end of the high-voltage radio frequency interface is connected with a high-voltage radio frequency power supply through a claw spring needle seat and is used for receiving high-voltage radio frequency signals; the sampling output interface is used for sensing the high-voltage radio-frequency signal, forming a low-voltage radio-frequency signal with the same frequency as the high-voltage radio-frequency signal, and analyzing and measuring the high-voltage radio-frequency signal by detecting the low-voltage radio-frequency signal. Compared with the prior art, two parallel wires are directly etched in the PCB to form a high-voltage capacitor structure, so that on one hand, the interference-free signal sampling of high-voltage radio-frequency signals can be realized, common capacitor elements are replaced, the complexity of the circuit is simplified, and the cost is reduced;
on the other hand, according to different circuit structure parameters, high-voltage radio-frequency signals with the frequency approximately in the range of 1kHz to 100MHz can be measured, the measurement voltage range can reach several kilovolts, and the measured sampling signal intensity is 0.1% to 5% of the actual voltage signal intensity.
A plurality of similar circuit structures are repeated on the PCB board, so that a multi-channel high-voltage radio-frequency signal sampler device can be formed.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a circuit schematic of one embodiment of a general purpose radio frequency high voltage circuit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a multi-channel high-voltage RF sampling device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a front structure of an embodiment of a PCB provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of a reverse structure of an embodiment of a PCB circuit board provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a signal acquisition flow chart of an embodiment of the multi-channel high voltage RF sampling device provided by the present invention (including an exemplary diagram of high voltage RF signal generation);
FIG. 4b is a waveform diagram of the ratio of the actual voltage to the sampled signal of an embodiment of the multi-channel high voltage RF sampling device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4c is a graph of the mean values of the ratios of the actual voltages to the sampled signals obtained according to FIG. 4 b;
FIG. 4d is a waveform diagram of the high voltage signal obtained when the external input provided by the present invention is 0.27Vpp and the waveform diagram tested by the oscilloscope;
FIG. 5a is a flowchart illustrating a frequency range test of a signal collected by an embodiment of the multi-channel high voltage RF sampling device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a graph of the ratio of actual voltage to sampled signal at different voltage frequencies provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5c is a waveform diagram of an embodiment of the present invention tested by an oscilloscope at 6400 Hz.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5c, in the first embodiment of the multi-channel high voltage rf sampling device of the present invention, the multi-channel high voltage rf sampling device includes a PCB circuit board (corresponding to the sampling circuit 200).
It should be noted that fig. 1 illustrates a prior art capacitive voltage division sampling circuit.
Specifically, the voltage dividing structure of two capacitors adopted in the circuit is equal to a resistor voltage dividing circuit, the voltage dividing principle is that when an alternating current signal is input, the two capacitors generate capacitive reactance, and the two capacitive reactance are equal to the former impedance to generate voltage dividing effect.
The capacitor voltage divider circuit has the limitation that only the voltage division of the ac signal can be performed, but the voltage division of the dc signal cannot be performed, because the capacitor is equivalent to the open circuit state in the dc signal circuit.
The capacitor voltage division circuit is applied to the voltage division of the alternating current signal, and has the advantages that compared with a resistor, the capacitor has smaller attenuation effect on the alternating current signal, the destruction capability on the original signal is low, and the characteristic of the original signal can be well maintained. However, in the conventional sampling circuit, two capacitors connected in series are connected in parallel at a measurement position, when a radio frequency signal flows through the sampling circuit, a smaller sampling signal with the same frequency can be induced between the two capacitors, a capacitor voltage division circuit is formed by using two commercial high-voltage-resistant capacitors (such as ceramic chip capacitors) with different capacitance values in the circuit design, the measurement range of the sampling circuit is narrow and unstable, and meanwhile, the sampling circuit occupies a larger space.
Therefore, in order to realize the measurement range of the high-voltage rf signal sampling and simplify the circuit structure, two parallel copper wires with equal length and close distance may be etched on the PCB to form a capacitor structure, which corresponds to the first capacitor C101 (corresponding to fig. 2) to replace the capacitor C1 in the conventional sampling circuit 101.
It should be noted that the close spacing of the copper wires can be understood as: the distance between two copper wires is used for obtaining different voltage values through the distance between the two copper wires.
For example: the distance between two copper wires is set to be 0.5mm-3mm, and the voltage value of the capacitor is 400V-450V (high voltage).
Thus, the distance of the copper conductors is determined by the specific requirements of the sampling circuit, in millimeters.
As shown in fig. 2-3 b, a high voltage rf interface (corresponding to an Electrode terminal) and a sampling output interface (corresponding to an SAMPCON terminal) are disposed on the PCB 200.
The high-voltage radio frequency interface (corresponding to the Electrode end) is coupled with the sampling output interface (corresponding to the SAMPCON end) through a parallel copper wire, so that an input radio frequency signal induces a low-voltage signal output.
Specifically, the other end of the high-voltage radio frequency interface (corresponding to the Electrode end) is connected with a high-voltage radio frequency power supply (corresponding to HV-RF) through a claw spring needle seat, and the high-voltage radio frequency power supply is used for receiving a high-voltage radio frequency signal output by the high-voltage radio frequency power supply (corresponding to HV-RF).
The sampling output interface (corresponding to the SAMPCON end) is used for sensing the high-voltage radio-frequency signal, forming a low-voltage radio-frequency signal (corresponding to the sampling signal) with the same frequency as the high-voltage radio-frequency signal, and analyzing and measuring the high-voltage radio-frequency signal by detecting the low-voltage radio-frequency signal.
It should be noted that two parallel copper wires with close lengths are etched on the PCB 200, and the capacitor structure formed by the two parallel copper wires is the first capacitor C101.
The first capacitance C101 may measure a radio frequency signal having a frequency approximately in the range of 1kHz to 100 MHz.
The capacitance of the first capacitor C101 may be set to pF, and the insulating medium in the first capacitor C101 is an insulating material.
In some embodiments, in order to improve the accuracy of the low voltage rf signal acquisition, a second capacitor C102 may be disposed on the PCB circuit board 200, wherein one end of the second capacitor C102 is commonly connected to one end of the first capacitor C101 and one end of the sampling output interface (corresponding to the SAMPCON terminal), and the other end of the first capacitor C101 is coupled to one end of the high voltage rf interface (corresponding to the Electrode terminal).
The other end of the second capacitor C102 is connected to the common terminal GND.
Specifically, the sampling circuit boards (corresponding to 300A and 300B) and the measuring instrument end form a capacitance voltage dividing circuit, the sampling proportion is determined by the characteristics of the whole loop, but the value of the sampling proportion can also be estimated through theoretical value calculation (a certain error exists in the value, based on the actual measurement result), and the theoretical value calculation method of the sampling proportion is as follows:
the capacitor at B1 (corresponding to the first capacitor C101) is replaced by two wires on the PCB, and the voltage across the first capacitor C101 is set as U1, the voltage across the second capacitor C102 is the measured voltage, which is set as U2, and the actual voltage is U, according to the formula:
Figure BDA0002957016140000061
therefore, the following steps are carried out:
Figure BDA0002957016140000062
the ratio of the measured voltage to the actual output voltage is therefore:
Figure BDA0002957016140000063
further, referring to fig. 3 a-3 b, in the present embodiment, a small capacitor is formed by two parallel wires with a wire length of 10mm-15mm and a wire pitch of 1.300mm-1.420mm in the first capacitor C101 in the circuit in the PCB (printed circuit board) manufacturing process (the design concept can refer to a capacitor model formed by two close, parallel and same-sized metal plates).
As shown in fig. 3 a-3 b, the needle stand can be connected with a high-voltage radio frequency power supply, the interface type can be replaced by a high-voltage BNC or other adaptive interface, and the SMA position is connected with an oscilloscope or a multimeter.
Preferably, the two parallel lines of the first capacitor C101, which are 10mm long and 1.392mm apart, form a small capacitor.
Further, please refer to fig. 4 a-4 d, wherein fig. 4b is a diagram illustrating the ratio of each actual voltage (the actual voltage range is about 60V-2 KV) to the sampling signal when different signal source voltages are input according to the circuit diagram of fig. 4 a; FIG. 4c is a graph of the mean and 95% confidence interval of the actual voltage to sampled signal ratios obtained in accordance with FIG. 4 b; FIG. 4d shows the signal source input voltage (signal 1) measured by the oscilloscope when the input voltage is 0.27 Vpp;
coupler voltage of the rf coupler (signal 2);
an actual voltage signal (signal 3, an actual value of 20.1 × 100 (high voltage probe attenuation) — 2010 Vpp);
the voltage is measured (signal 4, i.e. the sampled signal).
In this embodiment, the sampling signal can be directly read by an oscilloscope, and the test is performed according to this particular example, the upper limit of the measured voltage is related to the wire spacing, and the like, and a typical value here can be up to 2kVpp or more (see fig. 4b and 4 d). The ratio of the sampled signal to the actual voltage signal is related to the overall circuit configuration, where the typical value is 0.44% (see fig. 4c and 5b), the actual voltage is about 226.06 times the measured voltage (see fig. 4c), and the 95% confidence interval is 225.3-226.81, so the ratio of the measured voltage to the actual voltage ≈ (1/226.06) × 100% ═ 0.44%.
Referring to fig. 5 a-5 c, wherein,
FIG. 5a is a diagram of a sampling circuit testing different voltage frequencies;
FIG. 5b is a graph of the ratio of actual voltage to sampled signal at different voltage frequencies for a given voltage;
fig. 5c signal source input voltage (signal 1), actual voltage signal (signal 3) and measured voltage (signal 4, i.e. sampling signal) measured by the oscilloscope at 6400 Hz.
In this embodiment, the frequency range of the measured rf signal in the circuit according to the design shown in fig. 5a is related to the structure of the parallel conductor, where a typical value is 6.4kHz to 30MHz or more (as shown in fig. 5b, the actual/measured voltage is 225.5, and belongs to the confidence data within the 95% confidence interval). The above parameters can be changed within a certain range by changing the design of the parallel wire structure so as to meet different use requirements.
By using the technical scheme, the parallel conducting wires are directly etched on the PCB to serve as the high-voltage capacitor, on one hand, the high-voltage radio-frequency signal can be subjected to almost interference-free signal sampling, common capacitor elements are replaced, the circuit complexity is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the space is saved;
on the other hand, according to different circuit structure parameters, high-voltage radio-frequency signals with the frequency approximately in the range of 1kHz to 100MHz can be measured, the measurement voltage range can reach several kilovolts, and the measured sampling signal intensity is 0.1% to 5% of the actual voltage signal intensity.
The electronic device can be added with the circuit structure according to actual needs to prepare a plurality of sampling signal channels. And can be directly connected into a high-voltage radio frequency circuit to carry out multi-channel signal acquisition on the high-voltage radio frequency circuit. Meanwhile, the impedance characteristic of the original radio frequency circuit is not obviously changed when the radio frequency circuit is accessed, and the radio frequency circuit can be conveniently integrated into high-voltage radio frequency equipment.
In summary, the high-voltage rf sampling circuit with a simple structure provided by the invention can realize the sampling of the high-voltage rf signal by arranging the parallel wires instead of the commercial capacitors during the design of the PCB, and simultaneously, the circuit cost is reduced and the space of the circuit board is saved.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A multi-channel high-voltage radio frequency sampling device is characterized by comprising:
the PCB circuit board is directly etched with two parallel copper wires with equal length and close distance to form a capacitor structure;
the PCB is provided with a high-voltage radio frequency input and output interface and a sampling output interface; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the high-voltage radio frequency interface is coupled with the sampling output interface through a parallel copper wire;
one end of the high-voltage radio frequency interface is connected with a high-voltage radio frequency power supply through a claw spring needle seat and is used for receiving high-voltage radio frequency signals, and the other end of the high-voltage radio frequency interface is connected with an electrode end through a claw spring jack;
the parallel copper wires connected with the sampling output interface are used for sensing the high-voltage radio-frequency signal and forming a low-voltage radio-frequency signal with the same frequency as the high-voltage radio-frequency signal, and the high-voltage radio-frequency signal is analyzed and measured by detecting the low-voltage radio-frequency signal; or
And a plurality of the structures can be repeated to form a multi-channel sampling device.
2. The multi-channel high-voltage radio-frequency sampling device of claim 1,
two parallel copper wires with equal length and close distance are etched on the PCB, and the formed capacitor structure is a first capacitor.
3. The multi-channel high-voltage radio-frequency sampling device of claim 2,
the length of two copper wires of the first capacitor is set to be 10-15 mm, and the distance between the two copper wires is set to be 1.300-1.420 mm.
4. The multi-channel high-voltage radio-frequency sampling device of claim 2,
the PCB circuit board is also provided with a second capacitor, one end of the second capacitor is connected with one end of the first capacitor and one end of the sampling output interface together, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected with a common end.
5. The multi-channel high-voltage radio-frequency sampling device according to claim 3 or 4,
the voltage across the first capacitor is set to be U1, the voltage across the second capacitor is set to be U2, the voltage to be tested is set to be U, and according to the formula:
Figure FDA0002957016130000011
therefore, the following steps are carried out:
Figure FDA0002957016130000021
the ratio of the measured voltage to the actual output voltage is therefore:
Figure FDA0002957016130000022
6. the multi-channel high-voltage radio-frequency sampling device of claim 5,
the first capacitor can measure radio frequency signals with the frequency ranging from 1kHz to 100MHz, and the proportion of the sampling voltage signal to the actual voltage signal does not change obviously along with the frequency of the radio frequency signals.
7. The multi-channel high-voltage radio-frequency sampling device of claim 5,
the capacitance of the first capacitor can be set at pF magnitude, and the insulating medium in the first capacitor is made of insulating material.
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Application publication date: 20210625