CN113029908A - Laboratory measurement method for compact reservoir saturation index - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000011545 laboratory measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laboratory measurement method for a compact reservoir saturation index, which utilizes the rock saturation and resistivity parameters under the states of saturated formation water, bound water and residual oil to obtain a rock sample reservoir saturation index n. In the three states of the rock sample adopted by the method, the fluid is in a stable state, so that the problem of capillary pressure balance does not need to be considered, the experimental measurement process of the saturation n of the compact reservoir is simplified, the required time of the experiment is shortened, and a large amount of manpower, material resources and time cost are saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas matching, and relates to a laboratory measurement method for a tight reservoir saturation index, which can be applied to accurate measurement of a tight reservoir rock sample saturation index n.
Background
The reservoir resistivity is closely related to the lithology, physical property and oil-bearing property of the oil and gas reservoir, and the lithology, the oil-water layer and the stratum contrast can be distinguished. In particular, because the oil (gas) and water have differences of nearly 10 orders of magnitude in electrical resistivity (conductivity), resistivity logging has been one of the important methods for evaluating the oil-bearing property of a reservoir, and is widely used for estimating the oil-bearing saturation degree in well logging interpretation and experimental research. The oil saturation using the resistivity is based on the aluzi formula, which calculates the saturation index n using the resistivity increase I and the water saturation Sw. Since the formulation was born, the saturation index n has been the focus of research.
The measurement of the resistance increase rate mainly comprises the steps of reducing the water saturation of the rock sample by using a proper method, simultaneously measuring the saturation and the resistivity of the rock sample, and calculating the resistance increase rate according to a resistance increase rate formula in an Aliziqi formula. Common methods are centrifugation and semi-permeable barrier methods. The centrifugal method overcomes the capillary force of the rock sample of the reservoir stratum by utilizing the centrifugal force, has certain effect on medium and high porosity permeability reservoir stratum, but has insufficient reduction amount of water saturation for compact reservoir stratum, and is difficult to establish the relation between the water saturation and the resistance increase rate in a double logarithmic coordinate system. The semi-permeable barrier method is the best method for determining the saturation index n in the arziq formula recognized today. The method is based on the principle that a semi-permeable separator can only pass through a wetting phase solution under certain pressure, and fluid of a non-wetting phase cannot permeate. However, because the diaphragm method adopts gas displacement, capillary pressure of a tight reservoir rock sample with poor physical properties and a tiny pore volume is difficult to balance, and the capillary pressure is often required to reach a balanced state within a week or even a week, so that the experiment period is very long, and the experiment cost is greatly increased.
CN102243196A discloses a method for rapidly determining a reservoir saturation index n in a laboratory, which comprises the following steps: 1) vacuumizing, pressurizing and saturating the prepared plunger core by using stratum water; 2) the rock core is arranged in a relative permeability and resistivity combined measurement system, and the resistivity Ro when the water saturation of the rock core is 100 percent is measured; 3) displacing the core with formation crude oil, refined oil or helium until the water saturation is equal to that of oil and water or the relative permeability of gas and water is equal, stopping displacement, balancing for 7-10 days until the resistivity is balanced, and measuring the resistivity Rwe of an isotonic point Swhe; 4) continuing to displace until the relative permeability of the water phase is 0, and measuring the resistivity Rwi of the core at the irreducible water saturation Swi; 5) and calculating the resistance increase rate I of three saturation degrees of 100% of water saturation, an isotonic point and bound water, drawing the intersection of the resistance increase rate I and the water saturation Sw under a log-log coordinate, and if the water saturation and the resistance increase rate are in a linear relation, fitting a power function to give a saturation index n. The three-point method for rapidly determining the saturation index n of the reservoir in the laboratory adopts a relative permeability and resistivity joint measurement mode to complete the measurement of the water saturation index n of the reservoir, and the experimental test can be completed within 2 weeks. However, for tight reservoir rock samples, the above technical solution has three problems: 1. due to poor physical properties and small pore volume of tight reservoir rock samples, the water saturation of the rock cannot be accurately measured due to the influence of manifold volume in an online measurement scheme; 2. the patent adopts an isotonic point as one of three points, but for a compact reservoir sample, capillary force can not be balanced, so that the isotonic point cannot be obtained and the method cannot be used; 3. the time required to wait for the balance of the capillary force is too long, which greatly prolongs the experimental period.
Therefore, it is necessary to establish a laboratory measurement method for the tight reservoir saturation index, which can accurately measure the saturation index n of the tight reservoir rock sample, shorten the experimental period and save the experimental cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-point method aiming at the technical difficulties of high acquisition difficulty, long experimental period and high experimental cost of a rock sample saturation index n of a compact reservoir, namely: and acquiring a rock sample reservoir saturation index n according to the rock saturation and resistivity parameters under the saturated formation water state, the bound water state and the residual oil state. In the three states of the rock sample adopted by the method, the fluid is in a stable state, so that the problem of capillary pressure balance does not need to be considered, the experimental measurement process of the saturation n of the compact reservoir is simplified, the time required by the experiment is shortened, and a large amount of manpower, material resources and time cost are saved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a laboratory measurement method for a compact reservoir saturation index utilizes the rock saturation and resistivity parameters under a saturated formation water state, a bound water state and a residual oil state to obtain a rock sample reservoir saturation index n.
Specifically, the laboratory measurement method for the tight reservoir saturation index comprises the following steps:
s1, washing oil, washing salt and drying the rock sample, and measuring the mass m of the rock sample1；
S2, vacuumizing the rock sample dried in the step S1, then saturating the formation water to obtain a saturated formation water rock sample, and measuring the mass m of the saturated formation water rock sample2And a resistance r0Calculating the void volume V of the rock samplepAnd resistivity R of water rock sample of saturated water formation0；
S3, displacing the saturated stratum water rock sample obtained in the step S2 by using stratum crude oil until no water appears, obtaining a rock sample in a bound water state, and recording the water outlet volume V of the rock sample at the momentwiAnd the electrical resistance ri of the rock sample, calculating the saturation S of the irreducible waterwiAnd bound Water resistivity Rwi；
S4, displacing the rock sample in the bound water state obtained in the step S3 by using formation water until oil is not produced any more, obtaining the rock sample in the residual oil state, and recording the oil production volume V of the rock sample at the momentwoAnd a resistance rwoCalculating residual saturation SwoAnd residual oil resistivity Rwo；
S5, calculating the increase rate I of the resistance in the bound water state according to the Archie formulawiAnd residual oil state resistance increase rate Iwo；
S6, establishing a power function relation in a log-log coordinate axis by utilizing the water saturation and the resistance increasing rate of a rock sample complete saturated water state, a bound water state and a residual oil state to obtain a lithology coefficient b and a saturation index n;
preferably, the rock sample void volume V in step S2pThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
m3＝m2-m1 (1)
Vp＝m3/ρw (2)
in the formula, m3Is the rock sample saturated formation water quality;
ρwis the saturated formation water density.
Preferably, the irreducible water saturation S in step S3wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Swi＝(Vp-Vwi)/Vp×100％ (3)
the binding water resistivity R in step S3wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein D is the diameter of the rock sample and has a unit of mm;
l is the length of the rock sample and is in mm;
said rwiThe resistance after temperature correction is given in units of ohms (Ω).
Further preferably, r iswiThe temperature correction formula of (a) is:
in the formula, riThe resistance before temperature correction is expressed in ohm (omega);
tithe room temperature is the room temperature when the resistance of the rock sample is measured, and the unit is centigrade (DEG C);
t is the standard temperature in degrees Celsius (. degree. C.).
Preferably, the residual saturation S in step S4woThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Swo＝(Vwi-Vwo)/Vp×100％ (6)。
preferably, the residual oil resistivity R in step S4woThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
preferably, the bound water state resistance increase rate I in step S5wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
preferably, the residual oil state resistance increase rate I in step S5woThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
preferably, the water saturation and the resistance increase rate corresponding to the complete water saturation state, the bound water state and the residual oil state of the core in the step S6 are (1,1) and (S)wi、Iwi) And (S)wo、Iwo)。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the technical difficulties of large acquisition difficulty, long experimental period and high experimental cost of the rock sample saturation index n of the compact reservoir, the invention provides a three-point method, namely: and acquiring a rock sample reservoir saturation index n according to the rock saturation and resistivity parameters under the saturated formation water state, the bound water state and the residual oil state. In the three states of the rock sample adopted by the method, the fluid is in a stable state, so that the problem of capillary pressure balance does not need to be considered, the experimental measurement process of the saturation n of the compact reservoir is simplified, the required time of the experiment is shortened, and a large amount of manpower, material resources and time cost are saved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
A laboratory measurement method of tight reservoir saturation index comprising the steps of:
s1, washing oil, washing salt and drying the rock sample, and measuring the mass m of the rock sample1；
S2, vacuumizing the rock sample dried in the step S1, then saturating the formation water to obtain a saturated formation water rock sample, and measuring the mass m of the saturated formation water rock sample2And a resistance r0Calculating the void volume V of the rock samplepAnd resistivity R of saturated formation water rock sample0；
The rock sample void volume V in step S2pThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
m3＝m2-m1 (1)
Vp＝m3/ρw (2)
in the formula, m3Is the rock sample saturated formation water quality;
ρwis the water density of the saturated formation;
s3, displacing the saturated stratum water rock sample obtained in the step S2 by using stratum crude oil until no water appears, obtaining a rock sample in a bound water state, and recording the water outlet volume V of the rock sample at the momentwiAnd a resistance riCalculating irreducible water saturation SwiAnd bound Water resistivity Rwi；
In step S3, the bound water is saturatedDegree of neutralization SwiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Swi＝(Vp-Vwi)/Vp×100％ (3)
the binding water resistivity R in step S3wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein D is the diameter of the rock sample and has a unit of mm;
l is the length of the rock sample and is in mm;
said rwiThe resistance after temperature correction is given in units of ohms (Ω).
Further, r iswiThe temperature correction formula of (a) is:
in the formula, riThe resistance before temperature correction is expressed in ohm (omega);
tithe room temperature is the room temperature when the resistance of the rock sample is measured, and the unit is centigrade (DEG C);
t is the standard temperature in degrees Celsius (. degree. C.);
s4, displacing the rock sample in the bound water state obtained in the step S3 by using formation water until oil is not produced any more, obtaining the rock sample in the residual oil state, and recording the oil production volume V of the rock sample at the momentwoAnd a resistance rwoCalculating residual saturation SwoAnd residual oil resistivity Rwo；
The residual saturation S in step S4woThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Swo＝(Vwi-Vwo)/Vp×100％ (6)；
residual oil resistivity R in step S4woThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
s5, calculating the increase rate I of the resistance in the bound water state according to the Archie formulawiAnd residual oil state resistance increase rate Iwo；
The bound water state resistance increase rate I in step S5wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
the rate of increase I of residual oil state resistance in step S5woThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
s6, utilizing the water saturation and resistance increasing rate (1,1) corresponding to the rock sample complete saturated water state, the bound water state and the residual oil state respectively, and Swi、Iwi) And (S)wo、Iwo) And establishing a power function relationship in a log-log coordinate axis to obtain a lithology coefficient b and a saturation index n.
Example l
The method is used for measuring the resistance increase rate of a tight reservoir rock sample and determining the saturation index n, and the operation method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting 8 compact reservoir plunger rock samples with the diameter of 25.4mm and the length of 30mm prepared under the same condition, washing oil, salt and drying, and then respectively measuring the quality of the rock samples;
s2, vacuumizing the dried 8 rock samples, saturating 40000mg/L saline water to obtain saturated saline water rock samples, measuring the mass and the resistance of the saturated stratum water rock samples, recording the measuring temperature, and calculating the void volume of the rock samples and the resistivity of the saturated stratum water rock samples;
s3, respectively placing 8 saturated saline water rock samples into a displacement holder to be displaced by formation crude oil until water does not flow out, obtaining a rock sample in a bound water state, recording the water outlet volume and the bound water state resistance of the rock sample at the moment, and calculating the saturation of the bound water and the bound water resistivity;
s4, taking out 8 rock samples in a water-bound state, wiping the surfaces of the rock samples clean, reloading the rock samples into a displacement clamp holder, performing displacement by using stratum water (40000mg/L saline water), recording the oil outlet volume and resistance of the rock samples at the moment, and calculating the saturation degree and resistivity of residual oil;
s5, determining 100% water saturation, irreducible water saturation, residual oil saturation and corresponding resistance r in the experimental process according to the saturation data and resistance data obtained in S2, S3 and S4; and (3) calculating the resistance increasing rates corresponding to the saturation of the three states, and establishing a power function relation in a log-log coordinate system to obtain a lithologic coefficient b and a saturation exponent n.
The results of the experimental measurements are shown in table 1.
Table 1 example 1 experimental measurements
As shown in Table 1, the relative error of the lithology coefficient b of the tight reservoir rock sample calculated by applying the laboratory measurement method of the tight reservoir saturation index of the invention is less than 2 percent, the relative error of the saturation index n is less than 10 percent,
meanwhile, 8 identical rock samples are used, experiments are carried out by adopting a method for rapidly determining the saturation index n of the reservoir in a laboratory disclosed by CN102243196A, and the finding that only 2 rock samples can complete the determination of the saturation index n, wherein n is 2.673 and 1.758 respectively, but the difference between the n and the n is large, and the n cannot be used for determining the saturation index of the compact reservoir.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of good repeatability and high accuracy, and can be applied to a laboratory measurement method of the saturation index of the compact reservoir.
It should be emphasized that the embodiments described herein are illustrative rather than restrictive, and thus the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the detailed description, but also includes other embodiments that can be derived from the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A laboratory measurement method for a compact reservoir saturation index is characterized in that the laboratory measurement method is used for obtaining a rock sample reservoir saturation index n by utilizing rock saturation and resistivity parameters under a saturated formation water state, a bound water state and a residual oil state.
2. The laboratory measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises in particular the following steps:
s1, washing oil, washing salt and drying the rock sample, and measuring the mass m of the rock sample1；
S2, vacuumizing the rock sample dried in the step S1 to saturate formation water to obtain a saturated formation water rock sample, and measuring the mass m of the saturated formation water rock sample2And a resistance r0Calculating the void volume V of the rock samplepAnd resistivity R of saturated formation water rock samplew；
S3, displacing the saturated stratum water rock sample obtained in the step S2 by using stratum crude oil until no water appears, obtaining a rock sample in a bound water state, and recording the water outlet volume V of the rock sample at the momentwiAnd a resistance riCalculating irreducible water saturation SwiAnd bound Water resistivity Rwi；
S4, displacing the rock sample in the bound water state obtained in the step S3 by using formation water until oil is not produced any more, obtaining a rock sample in a residual oil state, and recording the oil production volume V of the rock sample at the momentwoAnd a resistance rwoCalculating residual saturation SwoAnd residual oil resistivity Rwo；
S5, calculating the increase rate I of the resistance in the bound water state according to the Archie formulawiAnd residual oil state resistance increase rate Iwo；
S6, establishing a power function relation in a log-log coordinate axis by utilizing the water saturation and the resistance increasing rate of the fully saturated water state, the irreducible water state and the residual oil state of the rock sample to obtain a lithology coefficient b and a saturation exponent n.
3. The laboratory measurement method of claim 2, wherein the rock sample void volume V in step S2pThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
m3＝m2-m1 (1)
Vp＝m3/ρw (2)
in the formula, m3Is the rock sample saturated formation water quality;
ρwis the saturated formation water density.
4. The laboratory measurement method of claim 2, wherein the irreducible water saturation S in step S3wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Swi＝(Vp-Vwi)/Vp×100％ (3)
the binding water resistivity R in step S3wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein D is the diameter of the rock sample and has a unit of mm;
l is the length of the rock sample and is in mm;
said rwiThe resistance after temperature correction is given in Ω.
5. The laboratory measurement method of claim 4, wherein r iswiThe temperature correction formula of (a) is:
in the formula, riThe resistance before temperature correction is in omega;
tithe temperature is the room temperature when the resistance of the rock sample is measured, and the unit is;
t is the standard temperature in degrees Celsius.
6. The laboratory measurement method according to claim 2, wherein in step S4
The residual saturation SwoThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Swo＝(Vwi-Vwo)/Vp×100％ (6)。
7. the laboratory measurement method of claim 2, wherein the residual oil resistivity R in step S4woThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
8. the laboratory measurement method according to claim 2, wherein said bound water state resistance increase rate I in step S5wiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
9. the laboratory measurement method according to claim 2, wherein said residual oil state resistance increase rate I in step S5woThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
10. the laboratory measurement method of claim 2, wherein the core is completely saturated with water, bound waterThe water saturation and the resistivity increase rate corresponding to the state and the residual oil state are (1,1) and (S), respectivelywi、Iwi) And (S)wo、Iwo)。
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