CN113029874A - Device and method for measuring acoustic radiation force borne by free spherical particles in viscous fluid - Google Patents
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N2011/0046—In situ measurement during mixing process
- G01N2011/0053—In situ measurement during mixing process using ergometry; measuring power consumption
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the acoustic radiation force borne by free spherical particles in viscous fluid, wherein an ultrasonic transducer is excited by an arbitrary signal generator to act on the spherical particles suspended in a water tank, the particles start to move under the action of the acoustic radiation force, the particles moving in the viscous fluid are simultaneously under the action of viscous resistance, the particles finally reach the final speed under the action of the acoustic radiation force and the viscous force and do uniform linear motion, the particles are balanced in stress at the stage, and the viscous force at the stage is used as the evaluation of the acoustic radiation force; recording the motion condition of the particles by a camera connected to a computer, and finally processing a particle motion video recorded by the camera by computer software to obtain the size of the viscous force of the particles so as to measure the size of the acoustic radiation force of the particles; the invention can realize the quantitative measurement of the acoustic radiation force of the free spherical particles in any viscous fluid and provides a basis for the optimal design and technical improvement of particle control related equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of acoustic control measurement, in particular to a device and a method for measuring acoustic radiation force of free spherical particles in viscous fluid.
Background
Acoustic radiation force is a non-linear effect of the acoustic field and is a result of momentum transfer between the acoustic field and the object. Today, with the development of scientific technology, non-contact manipulation of small particles is becoming more and more important. Compared with other forces suitable for particle manipulation, the acoustic manipulation technology based on the acoustic radiation force has the advantages of high biocompatibility, no wound, no label operation, wide controllable particle type range, large scale span and the like. The advantages enable the acoustic radiation force control to have wide application prospects in the fields of biophysics, ultrasonic medicine and the like, and become one of the research hotspots in the acoustic field. In past researches, the assumption of fixing the particles or the assumption of the environment where the particles are located is an ideal fluid, but in practical application, the particles are often free, the viscosity of the fluid where the particles are located is not negligible, and the application of the acoustic radiation force in the practical application is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the acoustic radiation force of free spherical particles in viscous fluid.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a device for measuring the acoustic radiation force borne by free spherical particles in viscous fluid comprises an ultrasonic transducer, a water tank, an acoustic baffle, a moving platform, a stereomicroscope, a camera and a computer; the ultrasonic transducer is fixedly arranged at the center of one side wall of the rectangular water tank, and the sound absorption plate is fixed on the outer side of the side wall of the water tank opposite to the ultrasonic transducer; the water tank is placed on the moving platform, and viscous fluid and spherical particles are placed in the water tank; the camera shoots the motion video of the spherical particles in the water tank through the stereo microscope arranged above the water tank, is connected with the computer and transmits the motion video to the computer for further processing.
Further, the ultrasonic transducer is provided by an arbitrary signal generator; the arbitrary signal generator is connected with the ultrasonic transducer through the RF power amplifier, and signals sent by the arbitrary signal generator are amplified by the RF power amplifier and then input to the ultrasonic transducer.
Further, the ultrasonic transducer has a diameter of 2cm, the frequency range of the RF power amplifier is 300kHz-350MHz, and the power gain is 55 dB.
Furthermore, the specification of the water tank is 8 multiplied by 20cm3The ultrasonic transducer is fixed at 8 x 8cm of the water tank2And the sound absorbing plate is fixed outside the opposite groove surface at the central position of the groove surface at one side, so that a sound field without physical boundary limitation is formed.
Furthermore, the ultrasonic transducer, the water tank, the sound absorption plate, the moving platform, the stereomicroscope and the camera are placed on the shockproof platform and used for reducing disturbance of the surrounding environment on liquid in the water tank.
An acoustic radiation force measuring method adopting the measuring device comprises the following steps:
s1, amplifying the signal sent by any signal generator through an RF power amplifier and then transmitting the amplified signal to an ultrasonic transducer, exciting the ultrasonic transducer, acting the transducer on spherical particles suspended in a water tank cylinder, and starting to move the spherical particles under the action of the sound radiation force;
step S2, the spherical particles are acted by viscous resistance while the viscous fluid moves, and finally under the action of acoustic radiation force F and viscous force FDragThe final speed is reached under the action of the two forces, the particles move linearly at a constant speed at the final speed, the stress of the particles is balanced at the stage, the two forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and the viscous force F at the moment is obtainedDragAs an evaluation criterion for acoustic radiation force;
step S3, recording the motion situation of the particles through a camera connected to a computer, processing the motion video of the particles recorded by the camera through software to obtain the motion speed of the particles, and calculating the resistance of the particles according to the following formula:
wherein, VsphereIs the velocity of a spherical particle, R is the particle radius, p0Is particle density, FDragRepresenting the viscous drag experienced by the particles, C D24/Re (1+3Re/16), spherical drag coefficient, Reynolds number Re 2R rho0VsphereMu 'and mu' are hydrodynamic viscosities.
Furthermore, the spherical particles are polystyrene spherical particles, and the diameter specification is 0.600 +/-0.008 mm.
Further, the viscous fluid changes the viscosity of the liquid by dissolving different amounts of carboxymethyl cellulose in saline; the viscosity is measured using a viscometer.
Has the advantages that:
the device and the method for measuring the acoustic radiation force of the free spherical particles in the viscous fluid can realize quantitative measurement of the acoustic radiation force of the free spherical particles in any viscous fluid, further disclose the change rule of the acoustic radiation force of the particles in practical application, help to better understand the potential mechanism of using the acoustic radiation force to manipulate the particles, and provide a basis for the optimal design and technical improvement of related equipment for particle manipulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an acoustic radiation force measuring apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the force exerted by spherical particles in a viscous fluid provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3a is a graph showing the composite time of polystyrene spherical particles moving at a constant speed in degassed saline water;
FIG. 3b is a graph of the positions of particles in the sound field at different times during the same time interval in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph comparing the measured acoustic radiation force and the theoretically calculated acoustic radiation force in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-an arbitrary signal generator; a 2-RF power amplifier; 3-a camera; 4-a stereomicroscope; 5-an ultrasonic transducer; 6-a water tank; 7-acoustic board; 8-a mobile platform; 9-a shock-proof platform; 10-a computer; 11-spherical particles.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a device for measuring acoustic radiation force exerted on free spherical particles in a viscous fluid, which comprises an arbitrary signal generator 1, an RF power amplifier 2, a camera 3, a stereo microscope 4, an ultrasonic transducer 5, a water tank 6, an acoustic baffle 7, a movable platform 8, a vibration-proof platform 9, a computer 10 and spherical particles 11.
The size of the water tank 6 in the embodiment of the invention is 8 multiplied by 20cm3. The ultrasonic transducer 5 has a diameter of 2cm and is fixed at the left side of the water tank 6 by 8cm2The center of the glass. The sound absorption plate 7 is placed at the right side of the water tank 6 by 8cm2Glass front, opposite the transducer to produce an acoustic field without physical boundary limitations. The water tank 6 is integrally placed on the moving platform 8, so that the position of the water tank can be finely adjusted in the experimental process, particles in the liquid can appear in the visual field range of the microscope without causing too large disturbance of the liquid, the lens of the stereomicroscope 4 is arranged right above the water tank 6 to observe the movement of the particles, and the stereomicroscope 4 is also provided with the camera 3 connected with the computer 10. The camera 3 transfers the acquired particle motion video to the computer 10. The water tank 6 comprising the ultrasonic transducer 5 and the sound absorbing plate 7, and the moving platform 8 and the stereomicroscope 4 are all placed on the shockproof platform 9 to reduce the disturbance of the surrounding environment to the liquid in the water tank. The signal output end of any signal generator 1 is connected to the input end of an RF power amplifier 2, the output end of the RF power amplifier 2 is connected to an ultrasonic transducer 5, the ultrasonic transducer 5 is excited to generate sound waves which are transmitted in liquid and act on spherical particles 11 in a water tank, and the particles and the water tankThe sound waves exchange energy and momentum to be acted on by the sound radiation force. The frequency range of the RF power amplifier 2 is 300kHz-350MHz with a power gain of 55 dB.
The product model of any signal generator 1 is Agilent 33250A; the model of the RF power amplifier 2 is A300; the model of the stereo microscope 4 is Olympus SZX 7; the model of the camera 3 is rich in ryan CU3E630SP, the camera is controlled to shoot videos through software FlyView, the movement of particles is within a 3072pixel x 2048pixel view range, and the particles are recorded as video files with the time resolution of 1/30 s.
The method for measuring the acoustic radiation force borne by the spherical particles comprises the following steps:
s1, amplifying the signal sent by any signal generator through an RF power amplifier and then transmitting the amplified signal to an ultrasonic transducer, exciting the ultrasonic transducer, acting the transducer on spherical particles suspended in a water tank cylinder, and starting to move the spherical particles under the action of the sound radiation force;
step S2, the spherical particles are acted by viscous resistance while the viscous fluid moves, and finally under the action of acoustic radiation force F and viscous force FDragThe final speed is reached under the action of the two forces, the particles move linearly at a constant speed at the final speed, the stress of the particles is balanced at the stage, the two forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and the viscous force F at the moment is obtainedDragAs an evaluation criterion for acoustic radiation force;
step S3, recording the motion situation of the particles through a camera connected to a computer, processing the motion video of the particles recorded by the camera through software to obtain the motion speed of the particles, and calculating the resistance of the particles according to the following formula:
wherein, VsphereIs the velocity of a spherical particle, R is the particle radius, p0Is particle density, FDragRepresenting the viscous drag experienced by the particles, C D24/Re (1+3Re/16), spherical drag coefficient, Reynolds number Re 2Rρ0VsphereMu 'and mu' are hydrodynamic viscosities.
The particles adopted in the experiment of the invention are polystyrene spherical particles. A liquid having the same density as polystyrene spherical particles was prepared before the experiment, and the particles were suspended in the liquid, in which case the gravity (Gm) and buoyancy (Fb) of the particles were balanced, as shown in fig. 2. In the experiment, the position of the particle is adjusted to be in the same horizontal plane with the center of the transducer, so that the particle is ensured to be in an approximately ideal plane wave sound field. When the signal from any signal generator is amplified by RF power amplifier and transmitted to ultrasonic transducer to excite the ultrasonic transducer, the transducer acts on the spherical particles suspended in water tank, the particles start to move in Z direction under the action of sound radiation force, and the particles in the motion of viscous fluid are acted by viscous resistance force, and the particles are under the action of sound radiation force (F) and viscous force (F)Drag) The final speed is reached under the action of the two-stage particle motion device, the particles move linearly at a constant speed at the final speed, the particles are stressed in a balanced state, the two forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. The experimental measurements are carried out under such equilibrium conditions, which allows the use of the resistance (F)Drag) As an estimate of the acoustic radiation force.
The polystyrene spherical particles used in the examples of the present invention had a diameter of (0.600. + -. 0.008) mm, wherein 0.600mm was obtained by averaging a plurality of measurements of the particle diameter by calculation, and 0.008mm was the standard deviation of the measurement.
The viscous liquid used in the present invention is a saline solution having a kinetic viscosity coefficient μ' of 0.97mPa · s.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to reduce the influence of bubbles in the liquid on a sound field, the liquid prepared in advance is subjected to degassing treatment. Meanwhile, the whole experimental environment is a constant temperature environment (27 ℃) manufactured by an air conditioner, so that the influence of heat on the convection is reduced to the maximum extent.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to illustrate the feasibility of the invention, the sound radiation force calculated by the invention is quantitatively compared with the sound radiation force theoretically calculated under the same model, but the voltage amplitude cannot be directly used in the theoretical calculation, so the sound pressure amplitude corresponding to the voltage is measured. 3a-3b show that the particles move at a constant velocity in degassed saline water when the transducer frequency is 0.968MHz, and the input signal voltage to any signal generator is 25 mV. Wherein FIG. 3a is a composite time chart of polystyrene spherical particles moving at a constant speed in degassed saline, which is created by summing the frame numbers of (a) - (f) in FIG. 3b, and particles at different time instants are displayed in an image to better illustrate the uniform motion state of the particles.
To obtain the velocity and position of the particles in each video, a plug-in TrackMate is used. This plug-in requires a threshold stack to track the particles correctly, so it is necessary to pre-process the video before using this plug-in. The acoustic radiation force of the polystyrene spherical particles under different input signal voltage amplitudes is quantitatively measured through experiments by adopting the method, the result is shown in the following table 1, and the corresponding acoustic pressure amplitudes under different voltages are also shown in the table 1. The data in the tables are given as mean ± standard deviation.
TABLE 1 particle velocity (V) for different input signal voltage amplitudessphere) Reynolds number (Re) and acoustic radiation force
Wherein, when the frequency of the transducer is 0.968MHz, the liquid environment in which the polystyrene spherical particles are located is degassed saline. It can be seen that the acoustic radiation force increases with increasing input signal voltage amplitude.
A comparison between the acoustic radiation force measured using the present invention and the theoretically calculated acoustic radiation force is given in fig. 4. Error bars in the figure are the standard deviation of the multiple measurements for each point. As can be seen from fig. 4: relative errors between values theoretically calculated and measured by the present invention were 8.30%, 7.95%, 5.90%, 4.79%, and 1.22%, respectively, and the corresponding sound pressures were 21.680kPa, 24.834kPa, 26.679kPa, 29.861kPa, and 31.357kPa, respectively, and the results of the theoretical calculation and the measurement by the present invention were substantially consistent, demonstrating the feasibility of the present invention to measure acoustic radiation force.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A device for measuring the acoustic radiation force borne by free spherical particles in viscous fluid is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic transducer, a water tank, an acoustic baffle, a moving platform, a stereomicroscope, a camera and a computer; the ultrasonic transducer is fixedly arranged at the center of one side wall of the rectangular water tank, and the sound absorption plate is fixed on the outer side of the side wall of the water tank opposite to the ultrasonic transducer; the water tank is placed on the moving platform, and viscous fluid and spherical particles are placed in the water tank; the camera shoots the motion video of the spherical particles in the water tank through the stereo microscope arranged above the water tank, is connected with the computer and transmits the motion video to the computer for further processing.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is provided by an arbitrary signal generator; the arbitrary signal generator is connected with the ultrasonic transducer through the RF power amplifier, and signals sent by the arbitrary signal generator are amplified by the RF power amplifier and then input to the ultrasonic transducer.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic transducer has a diameter of 2cm, the RF power amplifier has a frequency range of 300kHz-350MHz, and a power gain of 55 dB.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water tank has a size of 8 x 20cm3The ultrasonic transducer is fixed at 8 x 8cm of the water tank2One side ofThe sound absorbing panel is fixed outside the opposite side groove surface to form a sound field without physical boundary limitation.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer, the tank, the acoustic panel, the moving platform, the stereomicroscope, and the camera are disposed on a vibration-proof platform for reducing the disturbance of the surrounding environment to the liquid in the tank.
6. Method for measuring acoustic radiation force using an apparatus for measuring acoustic radiation force to which freely spherical particles in a viscous fluid are subjected according to any of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, amplifying the signal sent by any signal generator through an RF power amplifier and then transmitting the amplified signal to an ultrasonic transducer, exciting the ultrasonic transducer, acting the transducer on spherical particles suspended in a water tank cylinder, and starting to move the spherical particles under the action of the sound radiation force;
step S2, the spherical particles are acted by viscous resistance while the viscous fluid moves, and finally under the action of acoustic radiation force F and viscous force FDragThe final speed is reached under the action of the two forces, the particles move linearly at a constant speed at the final speed, the stress of the particles is balanced at the stage, the two forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and the viscous force F at the moment is obtainedDragAs an evaluation criterion for acoustic radiation force;
step S3, recording the motion situation of the particles through a camera connected to a computer, processing the motion video of the particles recorded by the camera through software to obtain the motion speed of the particles, and calculating the resistance of the particles according to the following formula:
wherein, VsphereIs the velocity of a spherical particle, R is the particle radius, p0Is particle density, FDragIndicating the viscous resistance to which the particles are subjected，CD24/Re (1+3Re/16), spherical drag coefficient, Reynolds number Re 2R rho0VsphereMu 'and mu' are hydrodynamic viscosities.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the spherical particles are polystyrene spherical particles with a diameter of 0.600 ± 0.008 mm.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the viscous fluid is prepared by dissolving different amount of carboxymethyl cellulose in saline water to change the viscosity of the liquid; the viscosity is measured using a viscometer.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114441412A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-06 | 南京大学 | Device and method for testing mechanical properties of biological cells by using acoustic radiation force |
| CN114460006A (en) * | 2022-01-30 | 2022-05-10 | 北京信息科技大学 | Erythrocyte high-throughput deformability detection method, erythrocyte high-throughput deformability detection system, erythrocyte high-throughput deformability detection medium and erythrocyte high-throughput deformability calculation equipment |
| CN114822161A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-29 | 四川轻化工大学 | Method for researching liquid viscosity coefficient through image acquisition |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114441412A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-06 | 南京大学 | Device and method for testing mechanical properties of biological cells by using acoustic radiation force |
| CN114460006A (en) * | 2022-01-30 | 2022-05-10 | 北京信息科技大学 | Erythrocyte high-throughput deformability detection method, erythrocyte high-throughput deformability detection system, erythrocyte high-throughput deformability detection medium and erythrocyte high-throughput deformability calculation equipment |
| CN114822161A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-07-29 | 四川轻化工大学 | Method for researching liquid viscosity coefficient through image acquisition |
| CN114822161B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-10-10 | 四川轻化工大学 | Method for researching viscosity coefficient of liquid through image acquisition |
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