CN113025822B - Method for extracting nickel from nickel-containing iron powder and preparing iron phosphate and application - Google Patents

Method for extracting nickel from nickel-containing iron powder and preparing iron phosphate and application Download PDF

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CN113025822B
CN113025822B CN202110152830.6A CN202110152830A CN113025822B CN 113025822 B CN113025822 B CN 113025822B CN 202110152830 A CN202110152830 A CN 202110152830A CN 113025822 B CN113025822 B CN 113025822B
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nickel
iron
iron phosphate
stirring
heating
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CN113025822A (en
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何芳
乔延超
陈若葵
阮丁山
谌志新
邓浩臻
李长东
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Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Hunan Bangpu Automobile Circulation Co Ltd
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Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd
Hunan Bangpu Automobile Circulation Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006Wet processes
    • C22B7/007Wet processes by acid leaching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/16Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
    • C01B25/26Phosphates
    • C01B25/37Phosphates of heavy metals
    • C01B25/375Phosphates of heavy metals of iron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G53/00Compounds of nickel
    • C01G53/10Sulfates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/04Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
    • C22B23/0407Leaching processes
    • C22B23/0415Leaching processes with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions
    • C22B23/043Sulfurated acids or salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40Electric properties
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for extracting nickel from nickel-containing iron powder and preparing ferric phosphate and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) adding sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid into the nickel-containing iron powder, and heating and stirring to obtain mixed slurry; (2) adding an oxidant into the mixed slurry, heating and stirring, and filtering to obtain an iron phosphate solution and a nickel sulfate solution; (3) washing, filtering and drying the iron phosphate to obtain an iron phosphate product; (4) adding a neutralizing agent into the nickel sulfate solution, heating and stirring, and filtering to obtain the nickel sulfate solution after impurity removal. The method uses the mixed acid to carry out acid leaching on the nickel-containing iron powder, and adds the mixed acid according to the proportion of the content of iron and nickel in the raw materials, so that nickel can enter the solution in an ion form, iron exists in a solid phase in an iron phosphate form, nickel and iron in the solid phase can be effectively separated, the process is simple, the energy consumption is low, the cost is low, and meanwhile, the method has great economic benefit and is suitable for industrial production and application.

Description

Method for extracting nickel from nickel-containing iron powder and preparing iron phosphate and application
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferronickel hydrometallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for extracting nickel from nickel-containing iron powder and preparing ferric phosphate and application of the method.
Background
The nickel ores widely existing in the nature are mainly divided into nickel sulfide ores and nickel oxide ores, and because the content of iron in the nickel ores is high, a nickel-iron alloy can be obtained after smelting, and the nickel-iron alloy is mainly used for manufacturing stainless steel. In recent years, the rapid increase of the production of stainless steel has stimulated the rapid increase of global nickel demand, and nickel is a nonrenewable resource, and the nickel resource has been exhausted increasingly due to continuous exploitation and application, so that it is a development trend to convert secondary nickel in the nickel-iron alloy into primary nickel which can be used in a positive electrode material.
At present, the anode material of the power battery mainly comprises lithium iron phosphate, ternary material, lithium manganate and the like, wherein the ternary power battery has high energy density although relatively poor safety performance, and is one of the development directions of the power battery in the future. With the technical progress of the ternary power battery, the cost is reduced and the market acceptance is improved, and the proportion of the ternary positive electrode material in the China in the positive electrode material sales in 2019 reaches 47.6%, so that the ternary positive electrode material becomes the positive electrode material with the highest market share. Meanwhile, with the continuous improvement and progress of lithium battery technology in recent years, the battery needs a better metal-nickel, the nickel content in the ternary material is increased, the energy density of the battery can be increased, the raw materials are reduced, and the endurance of the lithium battery is improved again. Therefore, the ternary positive electrode material is developed to increase nickel content.
The wet process of treating ferronickel material is that ferronickel powder is first added with oxidant and reinforcer into sulfuric acid system for oxidation leaching to obtain nickel sulfate solution and solid phase containing iron oxide. The method does not generate hydrogen in the reaction process, solves some safety problems, but the process needs high-pressure oxygen leaching, has higher production cost and equipment maintenance cost, and is not suitable for popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. The nickel-containing iron powder is subjected to acid leaching by using mixed acid, the mixed acid is added according to the proportion of the content of iron and nickel in the raw materials, the nickel can enter a solution in an ion form, the iron exists in a solid phase in an iron phosphate form, the extraction of the nickel in the nickel-containing iron powder is realized, and the nickel and the iron are respectively prepared into products with higher utilization values.
A method for extracting nickel from nickel-containing iron powder and preparing iron phosphate comprises the following steps:
(1) adding acid liquor into the nickel-containing iron powder, heating and stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
(2) adding an oxidant into the mixed slurry, heating and stirring, and filtering to obtain an iron phosphate solution and a nickel sulfate solution;
(3) adding a neutralizing agent into the nickel sulfate solution, heating and stirring, and filtering to obtain a nickel sulfate solution after impurity removal;
wherein the acid liquor is phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid and the phosphoric acid are prepared according to the iron content and the nickel content in the nickel-containing iron powder.
In some embodiments of the invention, the concentration of the phosphoric acid is 10 to 19 mol/L; the liquid-solid ratio of the phosphoric acid to the nickel-containing iron powder is 0.2-5 mL/g.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the concentration of the phosphoric acid is 12 to 14 mol/L; the liquid-solid ratio of the phosphoric acid to the nickel-containing iron powder is 0.5-3 mL/g.
In some embodiments of the invention, the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 0.5-10 mol/L; the liquid-solid ratio of the sulfuric acid to the nickel-containing iron powder is 0.5-10 mL/g.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 1 to 5 mol/L; the liquid-solid ratio of the sulfuric acid to the nickel-containing iron powder is 1-8 mL/g.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step (1), the ferronickel powder is ferronickel lump obtained by smelting nickel ore (laterite-nickel ore and nickel sulfide ore), and the particle size of the powdery material prepared by air atomization is 1 to 900 μm, the content of nickel in the ferronickel powder is 10 to 40%, the content of iron is 60 to 85%, and the total content of impurities is less than 2%, such as: co: 0.34%, Mn: 0.09%, Si: 0.27%, Cr: 0.05%, Ca: 0.006%, Mg: 0.004%, Cu: 0.03%, S: 0.21%, P: 0.03 percent.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the step (1), the heating temperature is 30 to 100 ℃, and the stirring time is 1 to 6 hours.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in step (1), the heating temperature is 50 to 90 ℃, and the stirring time is 2 to 5 hours.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step (2), the oxidant is one or more of oxygen, air, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, or sodium hypochlorite. Since the iron ions in the leachate may be ferrous iron or a mixture of ferrous iron and ferric iron, it is necessary to oxidize the iron ions to ferric iron by using an oxidizing agent.
In some embodiments of the invention, when the oxidant is oxygen, air or ozone, the amount of the introduced oxidant is 0.5-2.0L/min; when the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite, the volume ratio of the oxidant to the mixed slurry is (0.05-0.5): 1.
in some embodiments of the invention, in the step (2), the heating temperature is 20 to 100 ℃, and the stirring time is 1 to 20 hours.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in the step (2), the heating temperature is 40 to 90 ℃, and the stirring time is 2 to 15 hours.
In some embodiments of the present invention, step (2) further comprises a step of adding a precipitating agent before the heating, wherein the precipitating agent is one or more of titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, anhydrous iron phosphate or ferric phosphate dihydrate; the solid-liquid ratio of the precipitator to the mixed slurry is 1-500 g/L. The precipitator can overcome a certain energy barrier in the iron phosphate precipitation process, so that an iron phosphate product is prepared.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the solid-to-liquid ratio of the precipitant to the mixed slurry is 10 to 200 g/L.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step (2), the iron phosphate is washed, filtered and dried to obtain the iron phosphate after impurity removal.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the step (2), the washing is pulping washing by adding water, the liquid-solid ratio of water to ferric phosphate is 1-20: 1mL/g, and the washing time is 0.5-5 h.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the liquid-solid ratio of water to iron phosphate is 1-10: 1mL/g, and the washing time is 1-3 h.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step (3), the temperature of the drying is 60 to 120 ℃.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in the step (3), the temperature of the drying is 90 to 110 ℃.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step (4), the neutralizer is one or more of sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the step (4), the neutralizing agent is added to the nickel sulfate solution to adjust the pH of the nickel sulfate solution to 3-6 by preparing a solution or slurry from the neutralizing agent.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the step (4), the heating temperature is 30 to 100 ℃, and the stirring time is 1 to 10 hours.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in the step (4), the heating temperature is 50 to 80 ℃, and the stirring time is 2 to 6 hours.
The invention also provides application of the method in preparation of power batteries.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least the following advantages are provided:
the method uses the mixed acid to carry out acid leaching on the nickel-containing iron powder, and adds the mixed acid according to the proportion of the content of iron and nickel in the raw materials, so that nickel can enter a solution in an ion form, iron exists in a solid phase in an iron phosphate form, nickel and iron in the solid phase can be effectively separated, and a nickel sulfate solution and a battery-grade iron phosphate product are obtained.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram for extracting nickel from a nickel-containing iron powder and preparing iron phosphate according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram for extracting nickel from nickel-containing iron powder and preparing iron phosphate according to the present invention, and it can be seen from the diagram that sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid are added to the nickel-containing iron powder, and heated and stirred for a period of time, then an oxidant is added, and heated and stirred, and filtered to obtain an iron phosphate and nickel sulfate solution, and a neutralizing agent is added to the nickel sulfate solution, and heated and stirred, and filtered to remove impurity precipitates, so as to obtain a relatively pure nickel sulfate solution.
Example 1
A method for extracting nickel from nickel-containing iron powder and preparing iron phosphate comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing 2mol/L sulfuric acid and 14mol/L phosphoric acid for later use;
(2) weighing 50g of nickel-containing iron powder, wherein the iron content is 64.13 percent, the nickel content is 35.67 percent, adding 37mL of the phosphoric acid, adding 250mL of the sulfuric acid, heating the slurry in a water bath to 80 ℃, and stirring for 3 hours;
(3) adding 50mL of hydrogen peroxide, stirring for 1h, adding 7g of aluminum hydroxide and iron phosphate into the solution, heating to 90 ℃, stirring for 10h, and filtering to obtain iron phosphate and nickel sulfate solution;
(4) and (3) mixing iron phosphate in a liquid-solid ratio of 5: adding water into 1mL/g for pulping and washing for 1h, filtering, and drying the iron phosphate at 105 ℃ to obtain an iron phosphate product;
(5) adding a sodium carbonate solution with the concentration of 25% into the nickel sulfate solution, adjusting the pH value to about 4.5, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for 3 hours, and filtering to obtain the nickel sulfate solution with low impurity content.
Example 2
A method for extracting nickel from nickel-containing iron powder and preparing iron phosphate comprises the following steps:
(1) 1.5mol/L sulfuric acid and 13.5mol/L phosphoric acid are prepared respectively for standby;
(2) weighing 100g of nickel-containing iron powder, wherein the iron content is 69.28%, the nickel content is 30.29%, adding 85mL of the phosphoric acid, adding 520mL of the sulfuric acid, heating the slurry in a water bath to 85 ℃, and stirring for 4 h;
(3) adding 40mL of hydrogen peroxide, simultaneously introducing aeration oxygen for 2h, adding 15g of titanium dioxide and ferric phosphate dihydrate into the solution, heating to 80 ℃, stirring for 8h, and filtering to obtain a ferric phosphate and nickel sulfate solution;
(4) mixing iron phosphate at a liquid-solid ratio of 10: adding water into 1mL/g of the mixture to prepare slurry and wash the slurry for 2 hours, filtering the slurry, and drying the ferric phosphate at 90 ℃ to obtain a ferric phosphate product;
(5) adding a sodium carbonate solution with the concentration of 15% into the nickel sulfate solution, adjusting the pH value to about 4.0, heating to 85 ℃, stirring for 2 hours, and filtering to obtain the nickel sulfate solution with low impurity content.
Example 3
A method for extracting nickel from nickel-containing iron powder and preparing iron phosphate comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing 2.5mol/L sulfuric acid and 14.5mol/L phosphoric acid for later use;
(2) weighing 100g of nickel-containing iron powder, wherein the iron content is 85.42%, the nickel content is 13.95%, adding 95mL of the phosphoric acid, adding 200mL of the sulfuric acid, heating the slurry in a water bath to 75 ℃, and stirring for 6 h;
(3) adding 100mL of hydrogen peroxide, stirring for 0.5h, adding 20g of alumina and titanium dioxide into the solution, heating to 85 ℃, stirring for 6h, and filtering to obtain iron phosphate and nickel sulfate solution;
(4) mixing iron phosphate at a liquid-solid ratio of 8: adding water into 1mL/g for pulping and washing for 0.5h, filtering, and drying the iron phosphate at 105 ℃ to obtain an iron phosphate product;
(5) adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 5% into the nickel sulfate solution, adjusting the pH value to about 5.0, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for 4 hours, and filtering to obtain the nickel sulfate solution with low impurity content.
Example 4
A method for extracting nickel from nickel-containing iron powder and preparing iron phosphate comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively preparing 3.0mol/L sulfuric acid and 14mol/L phosphoric acid for later use;
(2) weighing 100g of nickel-containing iron powder, wherein the iron content is 83.29%, the nickel content is 15.99%, adding 110mL of the phosphoric acid, adding 170mL of the sulfuric acid, heating the slurry in a water bath to 80 ℃, and stirring for 5 h;
(3) adding 65mL of sodium hypochlorite, stirring for 2h, adding 20g of aluminum hydroxide and ferric phosphate dihydrate into the solution, heating to 90 ℃, stirring for 8h, and filtering to obtain a ferric phosphate and nickel sulfate solution;
(4) mixing iron phosphate at a liquid-solid ratio of 12: adding water into 1mL/g for pulping and washing for 1h, filtering, and drying the iron phosphate at 100 ℃ to obtain an iron phosphate product;
(5) adding calcium carbonate solution into the nickel sulfate solution to adjust the pH value to about 5.5, heating to 75 ℃, stirring for 4 hours, and filtering to obtain the nickel sulfate solution with low impurity content.
Test examples
The iron phosphate finished products prepared in the above examples 1 to 3 were subjected to physical and chemical index detection, and the results are shown in the following table 1:
table 1 results of physical and chemical index measurements of iron phosphate prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention
Figure BDA0002933043070000061
As can be seen from Table 1, various physical and chemical indexes of the iron phosphate obtained by the preparation method disclosed by the invention all meet the standard of the lithium iron phosphate cathode material.
The nickel sulfate solution prepared in the above examples 1 to 3 was subjected to impurity content analysis, and the results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 analysis (mg/L) of impurity elements in nickel sulfate solutions prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention
Ni Fe Co Mn Cu Al
Example 1 35891.5 1.07 343.2 53.9 0.139 0.229
Example 2 28455.8 2.73 456.6 87.2 0.189 0.357
Example 3 10652.6 10.72 212.6 67.9 0.155 0.582
Ca Mg P Cr Zn Si
Example 1 16.7 1.56 1.75 0.138 1.142 73.9
Example 2 13.9 0.98 2.15 0.112 0.997 57.2
Example 3 20.5 1.12 2.67 0.145 1.102 65.8
As can be seen from Table 2, the nickel sulfate solution obtained by the preparation method of the invention has low impurity content, and the impurity (not containing Co and Mn) content in the nickel sulfate solution after impurity removal is less than 100 pm.
The iron phosphate prepared in the above examples 1 to 3 was prepared into lithium iron phosphate by a conventional method, and the electrical properties of the prepared lithium iron phosphate were measured, and the results are shown in table 3:
table 3 table for testing the compacted density and electrical properties of the iron phosphate-synthesized lithium iron phosphate powders of examples 1 to 3
Figure BDA0002933043070000071
As can be seen from table 3, the compacted density and the electrical properties of the lithium iron phosphate powder synthesized from the iron phosphate obtained in the present invention both meet the usage standards of iron phosphate for lithium iron phosphate, and can be directly used as a precursor for lithium iron phosphate production.
By adopting the method provided by the embodiment of the invention to extract nickel in the nickel-containing iron powder, nickel and iron can be effectively separated, and two products with higher economic benefits can be obtained. When the mixed acid of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid is used for dissolving the nickel-containing iron powder, ferrous dihydrogen phosphate is obtained mainly according to the reaction of iron and phosphoric acid in the mixed acid, nickel and sulfuric acid are used for obtaining nickel sulfate, an oxidant is used for oxidizing ferrous iron, and iron phosphate is obtained under the action of a precipitator, trace impurities in the nickel sulfate solution can be discharged as a slag phase after being removed by a neutralizing agent, so that a nickel sulfate solution with low impurity content is prepared.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Claims (10)

1. A method for extracting nickel from nickel-containing iron powder and preparing iron phosphate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, adding phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid into the nickel-containing iron powder, and heating and stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
(2) adding an oxidant into the mixed slurry, heating and stirring, and filtering to obtain an iron phosphate solution and a nickel sulfate solution;
(3) adding a neutralizing agent into the nickel sulfate solution, heating and stirring, and filtering to obtain a nickel sulfate solution after impurity removal; in the step (2), a step of adding a precipitator before heating is further included, wherein the precipitator is one or more of titanium dioxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, anhydrous iron phosphate or dihydrate iron phosphate.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the phosphoric acid is 10 to 19 mol/L; the liquid-solid ratio of the phosphoric acid to the nickel-containing iron powder is 0.2-5 mL/g.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the sulfuric acid is 0.5-10 mol/L; the liquid-solid ratio of the sulfuric acid to the nickel-containing iron powder is 0.5-10 mL/g.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the nickeliferous iron powder is ferronickel blocks obtained by smelting nickel ores, the particle size of the powdery material prepared by an air atomization method is 1-900 μm, the nickel content in the nickeliferous iron powder is 10-40%, and the iron content is 60-85%.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the heating temperature is 30-100 ℃, and the stirring time is 1-6 h.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the oxidant is one or more of oxygen, air, hydrogen peroxide, ozone or sodium hypochlorite; in the step (2), the heating temperature is 20-100 ℃, and the stirring time is 1-20 hours.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the iron phosphate is washed, filtered and dried to obtain the iron phosphate after impurity removal.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the solid-to-liquid ratio of the precipitant to the mixed slurry is 1-500 g/L.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the neutralizing agent is one or more of sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide; in the step (3), the heating temperature is 30-100 ℃, and the stirring time is 1-10 hours.
10. Use of the method of any one of claims 1-9 in the manufacture of a power cell.
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