CN113020250B - Method for producing low-cadmium rice and simultaneously repairing cadmium pollution of rice field soil - Google Patents
Method for producing low-cadmium rice and simultaneously repairing cadmium pollution of rice field soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing low-cadmium rice and simultaneously repairing cadmium pollution of rice field soil, which comprises the following steps: step one, siO with extremely small grain diameter 2 NPs solutionPreparing and characterizing glue (0-5 nm); step two, siO with large particle size 2 Preparing and characterizing NPs sol (100-200 nm); step three, siO with extremely small particle size and large particle size 2 Preparation and spraying modes of the NPs sol application liquid. Spraying SiO with extremely small grain diameter at the last tillering stage of the indica rice 2 NPs sol is sprayed for 1 time every 2 weeks and is continuously sprayed for 3 times, so that the transfer of soil cadmium to rice stem leaves can be remarkably promoted; continuously spraying SiO with large grain diameter in the end stage of jointing 2 NPs sol is sprayed for 1 time every 1 week and continuously sprayed for 3 times, so that the migration and accumulation of cadmium from stems and leaves to grains can be obviously blocked, and the cadmium content of rice is reduced. Therefore, the invention can utilize the straws to restore the cadmium pollution of the paddy field soil while producing the low-cadmium rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of foliage resistance and control of rice cadmium pollution control, in particular to a method for producing low-cadmium rice and simultaneously repairing cadmium pollution of rice field soil.
Background
There are generally two ways to reduce the uptake of heavy metals by rice: one is a soil passivation technique, i.e., various amendments are applied to the polluted rice field to passivate the heavy metals in the soil, thereby reducing the migration capacity and bioavailability thereof; the other is a leaf surface resistance control technology, namely, in a specific growth stage, a plant modifying agent with a proper dosage is sprayed to rice stems and leaves to inhibit the migration and accumulation of toxic heavy metals or metalloids from the stems and leaves to seeds, so that the content of the toxic elements in the rice is reduced.
Rice is a typical silicon-loving crop. The common silicon fertilizer can reduce the absorption and accumulation of cadmium in rice, thereby reducing the cadmium content of rice. SiO 2 2 The NPs sol or the nano silicon fertilizer has the special physical and chemical properties and behaviors of nano particles, has more advantages than common silicon fertilizers in the aspects of improving crop nutrition, enhancing crop stress resistance, preventing and treating heavy metal pollution and the like, and plays an important role in agricultural sustainable development. However, siO of different particle sizes 2 NPs have different control effects on cadmium transport in stem and leaf tissues of rice of the same variety, and the action mechanism for absorbing and transporting cadmium in indica rice and japonica rice can have variety difference and even have opposite effects.
Related patents (CN201310737996. X) or documents only report SiO below 100nm 2 The inhibiting effect of NPs on rice cadmium accumulation is not clarified, and the size of quantum dots SiO is not clarified 2 Promoting effect of NPs sol on transport of cadmium in indica rice stem leaves and SiO with large particle size 2 NPs(>100 nm) size effect (namely SiO) on cadmium accumulation and control of indica rice grains 2 The effect of inhibiting cadmium accumulation is more obvious when the particle size of the NPs sol is larger), and SiO with large particle size is not disclosed 2 NPs sol (>100 nm) on cadmium accumulation of indica rice and japonica rice, and even if SiO with the two special particle sizes is not found 2 The research reports that the NPs sol and the rice grow in a specific period, the low-cadmium rice is produced, and the straw is utilized to repair the cadmium pollution in the rice field. Therefore, the method and the technology for producing the low-cadmium rice and simultaneously repairing the cadmium pollution of the rice field soil have important application prospects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing low-cadmium rice and simultaneously repairing the cadmium pollution of the rice field soil, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the method for producing the low-cadmium rice and simultaneously repairing the cadmium pollution of the rice field soil comprises the following steps: step one, siO with extremely small grain diameter 2 Preparing and characterizing NPs sol (0-5 nm); step two, siO with large particle size 2 Preparing and characterizing NPs sol (100-200 nm); step three, siO with extremely small particle size and large particle size 2 Preparing and spraying NPs sol application liquid;
in the first step, the preparation process comprises the following steps: (1) Firstly, respectively measuring 150ml of absolute ethyl alcohol and 10ml of strong ammonia water, mixing and sealing by using a sealing film; (2) magnetic stirring for 60 minutes; (3) 4ml of ethyl orthosilicate is added drop by drop, and magnetic stirring is carried out for 60 minutes twice; (4) Slowly adding 500ml of deionized water, and continuing magnetic stirring for three times for 60 minutes; (5) Heating in water bath at 80 deg.C, evaporating to remove ethanol residue, diluting with deionized water to 1000ml, and storing at 4 deg.C; (6) characterization of the sol using TEM and EDS.
In the second step, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing 150ml of absolute ethyl alcohol and 30ml of strong ammonia water, and sealing by using a sealing film; (2) magnetic stirring for 60 minutes; (3) 4ml of ethyl orthosilicate is added dropwise, and magnetic stirring is carried out for 60 minutes for the second time; (4) Slowly adding 500ml of deionized water, and continuing to magnetically stir for 60 minutes for three times; (5) Evaporating to remove ethanol residue, diluting with deionized water to 1000ml, and storing at 4 deg.C; (6) characterizing it using TEM and EDS;
in the third step, the preparation and spraying of the application liquid are divided into the following steps: (1) Using deionized water to treat the SiO with the minimum particle size prepared in the step one 2 Diluting NPs sol into 20 multiplied application liquid; (2) Spraying the application liquid to the stem leaves at the final stage of tillering, spraying for 1 time every 2 weeks, and continuously spraying for 3 times; (3) Spraying the SiO with large particle size prepared in the second step at the last stage of jointing 2 20 Xdilution of NPs sol, 1 time every 1 week, continuously 3 times.
Preferably, in the step one, siO is prepared 2 The particle size of the NPs sol is 0-5nm.
Preferably, in the first step, the temperature in the primary magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500rpm.
Preferably, in the first step, the temperature in the secondary magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500rpm.
Preferably, in the first step, the temperature in the magnetic stirrer for three times is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500rpm.
Preferably, in the second step, siO is synthesized 2 The particle size of the NPs sol is 100-200nm.
Preferably, in the second step, the temperature in the primary magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 250rpm.
Preferably, in the second step, the temperature in the secondary magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 250rpm.
Preferably, in the second step, the temperature in the third magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 250rpm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: two kinds of SiO 2 The NPs sol has the same silicon content but different grain sizes, and can be used for treating cadmium in stem and leaf tissues of indica ricePlays a diametrically opposite regulatory role: preparation of SiO with very small particle size 2 The NPs sol (0-5 nm) application liquid is sprayed on indica rice seedlings at the late tillering stage of rice, so that the transpiration effect of rice leaves can be obviously improved, the migration and accumulation of cadmium absorbed by rice roots to stem leaf tissues can be promoted, and the enrichment and restoration of the rice stem leaves to soil cadmium can be facilitated; preparation of large-particle-size SiO 2 The NPs sol (100-200 nm) application liquid is sprayed from the late stage of the jointing of indica rice, so that the transfer of cadmium accumulated in stems and leaves to grains can be effectively prevented and controlled, and the cadmium content of rice can be further remarkably reduced. Therefore, the invention sprays two SiO with different grain sizes in two different growth periods of indica rice 2 The NPs sol diluent can obviously enhance the enrichment and remediation potential of the straws to the soil cadmium while producing the low-cadmium rice.
Description of the drawings:
FIGS. 1 to 3 are graphs showing experimental rice planting in a field in comparative example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows SiO having a very small particle size in the present invention 2 TEM images of NPs sols;
FIG. 5 shows SiO having a very small particle size in the present invention 2 EDS spectra of NPs sol;
FIG. 6 shows SiO with a large particle size in the present invention 2 TEM images of NPs sols;
FIG. 7 shows SiO with a large particle size in the present invention 2 EDS spectra of NPs sols;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and are not intended to be exhaustive or exhaustive. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-8, two embodiments of the present invention are provided:
example 1:
simultaneous repair for producing low-cadmium riceThe method for remedying the cadmium pollution of the rice field soil comprises the following steps: step one, siO with extremely small grain diameter 2 Preparing and characterizing NPs sol (0-5 nm); step two, siO with large particle size 2 Preparing and characterizing NPs sol (100-200 nm); step three, siO with extremely small particle size and large particle size 2 Preparing and spraying NPs sol application liquid;
in the first step, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Firstly, respectively measuring 150ml of absolute ethyl alcohol and 10ml of strong ammonia water, mixing and sealing by using a sealing film; (2) Primary magnetic stirring is carried out for 60 minutes, the temperature in the primary magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500rpm; (3) Dropwise adding 4ml of ethyl orthosilicate, and carrying out secondary magnetic stirring for 60 minutes at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the stirring speed of 500rpm in a secondary magnetic stirrer; (4) Slowly adding 500ml of deionized water, and continuing to magnetically stir for 60 minutes, wherein the temperature in the magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500rpm; (5) Heating in 80 deg.C water bath, evaporating to remove ethanol residue, diluting with deionized water to 1000ml, storing at 4 deg.C, and preparing into SiO 2 The particle size of the NPs is 0-5nm; (6) The sol was characterized using TEM and EDS, where FIG. 4 demonstrates SiO 2 The particle size of the NPs sol is less than 5nm, and FIG. 5 proves that the element in the sol is silicon, the horizontal coordinate unit of the element is keV, and the vertical coordinate unit of the element is the characteristic X-ray counting rate;
in the second step, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing 150ml of absolute ethyl alcohol and 30ml of strong ammonia water, and sealing by using a sealing film; (2) Primary magnetic stirring is carried out for 60 minutes, the temperature in the primary magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 250rpm; (3) Dropwise adding 4ml of ethyl orthosilicate, and carrying out secondary magnetic stirring for 60 minutes at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the stirring speed of 250rpm in a secondary magnetic stirrer; (4) Slowly adding 500ml of deionized water, and continuing to magnetically stir for 60 minutes at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the stirring speed of 250rpm in the magnetic stirrer; (5) Evaporating to remove ethanol residue, diluting with deionized water to 1000ml, preserving at 4 deg.C, and synthesizing SiO 2 The particle size of the NPs sol is 100-200nm; (6) It was characterized using TEM and EDS, where FIG. 6 demonstrates the SiO 2 The particle size of the NPs sol is 100-200nm, and FIG. 7 shows that the elemental component of the sol is silicon, and the abscissa unit is keV, the ordinate unit is the characteristic X-ray counting rate;
in the third step, the preparation and spraying of the application liquid are divided into the following steps: (1) Using deionized water to treat the SiO with the minimum particle size prepared in the step one 2 Diluting NPs sol into 20 multiplied application liquid; (2) At the final stage of tillering, spraying the application liquid to stem leaves, spraying for 1 time every 2 weeks, and continuously spraying for 3 times; (3) Spraying the SiO with large particle size prepared in the second step at the last stage of jointing 2 20 Xdilution of NPs sol, 1 time every 1 week, continuously 3 times.
Comparative example 1:
the background value of cadmium in the experimental soil is 0.25mg/kg, the pH value is 7.5, the cation exchange capacity is 16.92 +/-2.85 cmol/kg, the contaminated soil is 2.5mg/kg exogenous cadmium contaminated soil, and the experimental groups are as follows: group A (soil without adding exogenous Cd + only spraying ddH 2 O); group B (Cd contaminated soil + only spraying ddH) 2 O); group C (Cd contaminated soil + SiO with very small grain size is sprayed at the last stage of tillering 2 20 x dilution of NPs sol); group D (Cd contaminated soil + SiO with very small particle size is sprayed at the last tillering stage 2 Spraying SiO with large particle size at the 20 Xdilution and the last stage of jointing of the NPs sol 2 20 x dilution of NPs sol). Planting 3 pots of rice in each treatment group, culturing in the open air until the rice is mature, wherein the growth period is 5 months to 10 months in 2019; and (3) measuring the cadmium content in the leaves, the Node I and the brown rice by using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer.
The test results of comparative example 1 are shown in table 1: and only ddH is sprayed on the Cd-polluted soil 2 Comparison with O (comparative example 1B group), spraying SiO with very small particle size at the end of tillering 2 The NPs sol obviously induces the accumulation of cadmium in leaves and Node I, and simultaneously increases the cadmium content of rice (comparative example 1C group); and SiO with a very small grain diameter is sprayed at the last tillering stage 2 NPs sol and starting to spray SiO with large particle diameter at the final stage of jointing 2 The NPs sol significantly promoted the accumulation of cadmium in both tissues, while also significantly reducing the rice cadmium content (comparative example 1, group D).
Example 2:
the method for producing the low-cadmium rice and simultaneously repairing the cadmium pollution of the rice field soil comprises the following steps: in the first step of the method,SiO of very small particle size 2 Preparing and characterizing NPs sol (0-5 nm); step two, siO with large grain diameter 2 Preparing and characterizing NPs sol (100-200 nm); step three, siO with extremely small particle size and large particle size 2 The preparation and spraying mode of the NPs sol application liquid;
in the first step, the preparation is divided into the following steps: (1) Respectively measuring 150ml of absolute ethyl alcohol and 10ml of strong ammonia water, mixing, and sealing by using a sealing film; (2) Primary magnetic stirring is carried out for 60 minutes, the temperature in the primary magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500rpm; (3) Dropwise adding 4ml of ethyl orthosilicate, and carrying out secondary magnetic stirring for 60 minutes at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the stirring speed of 500rpm in a secondary magnetic stirrer; (4) Slowly adding 500ml of deionized water, and continuing to magnetically stir for 60 minutes, wherein the temperature in the magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500rpm; (5) Heating in water bath at 80 deg.C, evaporating to remove ethanol residue, diluting with deionized water to 1000ml, storing at 4 deg.C, and preparing into SiO 2 The particle size of the NPs sol is 0-5nm; (6) characterization of the sol using TEM and EDS.
In the second step, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing 150ml of absolute ethyl alcohol and 30ml of strong ammonia water, and sealing by using a sealing film; (2) Primary magnetic stirring is carried out for 60 minutes, the temperature in the primary magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 250rpm; (3) Dropwise adding 4ml of ethyl orthosilicate, and carrying out secondary magnetic stirring for 60 minutes at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the stirring speed of 250rpm in a secondary magnetic stirrer; (4) Slowly adding 500ml of deionized water, and continuing to magnetically stir for 60 minutes at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the stirring speed of 250rpm in the magnetic stirrer; (5) Evaporating to remove ethanol residue, diluting with deionized water to 1000ml, storing at 4 deg.C, and synthesizing SiO 2 The grain diameter of the NPs sol is 100-200nm; and (6) characterizing the sample by using TEM and EDS.
In the third step, the preparation and spraying of the application liquid are divided into the following steps: (1) Using deionized water to remove SiO with extremely small particle size prepared in the step one 2 Diluting the NPs sol into 20 times of application solution; (2) At the final stage of tillering, spraying application liquid to stem leaves, spraying for 1 time every 2 weeks, and continuously spraying for 3 times; (3) Spraying the large grain diameter prepared in the second step at the last phase of jointingSiO 2 20 Xdilution of NPs sol, spraying 1 time every 1 week, and continuously spraying 3 times.
Comparative example 2:
the pH value of the experimental paddy soil is 7.3 +/-0.5, the total cadmium content is 2.06 +/-0.31 mg/kg, and 30 mu of cadmium-polluted paddy soil is averagely divided into 3 blocks: a test area A1 (no reagent is sprayed, and a planting area is shown in figure 1); test area B1 (starting spraying SiO with very small grain size at the end of tillering) 2 Spraying 20 times of diluted solution of NPs sol for 1 time at an interval of 2 weeks, continuously spraying for 3 times, and planting area is shown in figure 2); test area C1 (SiO with very small grain size is sprayed at the end of tillering 2 Spraying 20 × diluted solution of NPs sol for 1 time at 2 weeks interval, continuously spraying for 3 times, and continuously spraying large-particle-size SiO at final stage of jointing 2 20 Xdilution of NPs sol, 1 time spraying every 1 week, 3 times spraying continuously, planting area as shown in figure 3). The growth period is from 5 months in 2020 to 10 months in 2020, and cadmium content in the leaves, node I and brown rice is measured by using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer.
The test results of comparative example 2 are shown in table 2: spraying SiO with small grain diameter at the final tillering stage 2 The NPs sol remarkably promotes the migration and accumulation of cadmium to leaves, node I and rice (test area B1); continuously spraying SiO with large particle size in the final phase of jointing 2 The NPs sol inhibits the transport of cadmium accumulated in stems and leaves to rice, and obviously reduces the cadmium content of brown rice (test area C1).
Based on this, the invention has the advantages of preparing and applying two kinds of SiO with different grain sizes 2 NPs sol, spraying SiO with very small grain size at the tillering end stage of indica rice growth 2 The NPs sol diluent can obviously improve the transpiration of rice leaves and promote the migration and accumulation of cadmium absorbed by rice roots to stem leaf tissues; continuously spraying SiO with large grain diameter in the end stage of jointing 2 The NPs sol diluent can effectively prevent and control the transport of cadmium accumulated in stems and leaves to grains. Therefore, the invention can apply the rice straw to repair the cadmium pollution of the paddy field soil while producing the low-cadmium rice.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein, and are not intended to be construed as limiting the claims concerned.
Table 1 results of experimental study of potting in comparative example 1
*n＝3,p<0.05.
Table 2 field experimental study results of comparative example 2
*n＝3,p<0.05.
Claims (4)
1. The method for producing the low-cadmium rice and simultaneously repairing the cadmium pollution of the rice field soil comprises the following steps: step one, siO with 0-5nm minimum particle size 2 Preparing and characterizing NPs sol; step two, 100-200nm large-particle-size SiO 2 Preparing and characterizing NPs sol; step three, siO with extremely small particle size and large particle size 2 The preparation and spraying mode of the NPs sol application liquid; the method is characterized in that:
in the first step, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Firstly, respectively measuring 150ml of absolute ethyl alcohol and 10ml of strong ammonia water, mixing and sealing by using a sealing film; (2) magnetic stirring for 60 minutes for the first time; (3) 4ml of ethyl orthosilicate is added dropwise, and the mixture is magnetically stirred for 60 minutes for the second time; (4) Slowly adding 500ml of deionized water, and continuing magnetic stirring for 60 minutes for the third time; (5) Heating in 80 deg.C water bath, evaporating to remove ethanol residue, diluting with deionized water to 1000ml, and storing at 4 deg.C; (6) characterizing the sol by using TEM and EDS; prepared SiO 2 The particle diameter of the NPs sol is 0-5nm; the temperature in the first magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500rpm; the temperature in the magnetic stirrer for the second time is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500rpm; the temperature in the magnetic stirrer for the third time is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 500rpm;
in the second step, the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing 150ml of absolute ethyl alcohol and 30ml of strong ammonia water, and sealing by using a sealing film; (2) magnetic stirring for 60 minutes for the first time; (3) 4ml of ethyl orthosilicate is added dropwise, and magnetic stirring is carried out for 60 minutes for the second time; (4) Slowly adding 500ml of deionized water, and continuing to magnetically stir for the third time for 60 minutes; (5) Evaporating to remove ethanol residue, diluting with deionized water to 1000ml, and storing at 4 deg.C; (6) characterizing it using TEM and EDS; synthetic SiO 2 The grain diameter of the NPs sol is 100-200nm;
in the third step, the preparation and spraying of the application liquid are divided into the following steps: (1) Using deionized water to treat the SiO with the minimum particle size prepared in the step one 2 Diluting NPs sol into 20 multiplied application liquid; (2) At the final stage of tillering, spraying application liquid to stem leaves, spraying for 1 time every 2 weeks, and continuously spraying for 3 times; (3) Spraying the SiO with large particle size prepared in the second step at the last stage of jointing 2 20 Xdilution of NPs sol, 1 time every 1 week, continuously 3 times.
2. The method for producing low-cadmium rice while remediating cadmium pollution of paddy field soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the temperature in the first magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 250rpm.
3. The method for producing low-cadmium rice while remediating cadmium pollution of paddy field soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the temperature in the second magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 250rpm.
4. The method for producing low-cadmium rice and simultaneously remediating cadmium pollution of rice field soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the temperature in the third magnetic stirrer is 40 ℃, and the stirring speed is 250rpm.
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