CN113012703B - Method for hiding information in music based on Chirp - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/018—Audio watermarking, i.e. embedding inaudible data in the audio signal
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
- G10L19/0212—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders using orthogonal transformation
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- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
- G10L19/022—Blocking, i.e. grouping of samples in time; Choice of analysis windows; Overlap factoring
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- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for hiding information in music based on Chirp, which can transmit information data to a user on the premise of not changing the music quality. The invention is divided into two parts, namely an information sender and an information receiver, wherein in the sender part, firstly, the sender needs to determine the transmitted information and the music to be played, and the information to be sent is encoded into Chirp symbols. Next, the sender generates a fixed sequence as an initiation signal and adds it before the Chirp of the information encoding. The Chirp is then preprocessed using a novel window. Finally, the generated Chirp is mixed with music. In the receiver section, the receiver first needs to receive the music, acknowledging the start of the frame. And then, obtaining amplitude values by using fast Fourier transform to calculate energy sums, thereby completing decoding work and obtaining information. The invention not only ensures that the user cannot perceive the existence of Chirp, but also has high accuracy, longer transmission distance and wider coverage range, and is easy to popularize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless information transmission, in particular to a method for hiding information in music based on Chirp coding.
Background
In daily life, public places such as markets and restaurants are used for transmitting information (WiFi information or coupons and the like) to users in a manual mode, so that time and labor are consumed, and the method is quite inconvenient. The use of wireless information transmission techniques to transmit information solves these problems. The existing wireless information transmission technology comprises the following steps: bluetooth, NFC and screen camera technologies and voice data transmission technologies.
The Bluetooth transmission information technology can be widely applied to various fields, but the transmission information of the Bluetooth transmission information technology needs to be connected one to one, and has short transmission distance and weak anti-interference capability. NFC, although low in energy consumption, can only exchange information at extremely short distances. Information is transmitted using a screen camera link, which can be hidden in the video so that users can decode the information hidden in the video during their viewing of the video. But when used in everyday life, the screen camera communication requires a large screen visible to the customer at different locations, which not only requires greater costs, but also has a limited transmission distance.
Sound data transmission techniques contemplate hiding the information code in sound, which is used to transmit data. Existing audio coding techniques can be categorized into two categories depending on whether the frequencies used are audible or not. One is to encode in the audible frequency band of the human ear, mainly to use the spread spectrum watermarking technology, OFDM, ASK, etc. encoding mode small amplitude modified audio amplitude and frequency to embed information. For the audio original music coded by the method and the coded information are tightly combined, the audio original music possibly gets disturbed to a user due to a gap from the original music, and the proportion of the music and the coded information is not easy to control. The other is to encode in the frequency band which is inaudible to human ears, if the encoding is carried out in the super-product frequency band, the audio can be played only by a special ultrasonic loudspeaker when the encoding is carried out in the real life, the ultrasonic wave cannot be played by a general loudspeaker, and the popularization cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for hiding information in music based on Chirp coding. The method can transmit information data to users on the premise of not changing music quality, and has low cost and easy popularization.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for hiding information in music based on Chirp coding, which comprises the following steps:
the invention is divided into two parts of information sender and information receiver, wherein the information sender includes the following steps:
(1) The sender determines information to be transmitted and music to be played, and encodes the information to be transmitted into Chirp symbols; in particular, the method comprises the steps of,
(11) The sender selects 18KHz as the center frequency, and generates up-chirp and down-chirp respectively by taking the center frequency as the center;
(12) The sender encodes bit 0 as down-chirp and bit 1 as up-chirp;
(2) The sender needs to generate a fixed Chirp sequence as a starting signal, and adds the starting signal before the Chirp of the information code;
(3) The sender uses the following new window for the generated Chirp symbolPreprocessing a Chirp symbol, wherein M represents the number of samples of the Chirp symbol, specifically denoted as m=fs×τ, wherein fs is a sampling rate, τ is a duration of the Chirp symbol, n is an argument that increases from 0 to M, and each generated Chirp symbol is multiplied by w (n) to obtain preprocessed Chirp audio, such that each Chirp symbol is gradually generated from 0 and gradually disappears in the last part;
(4) The sender mixes the generated Chirp symbol with the music to be played, generates a mixed music file carrying information, and plays the mixed music by using a loudspeaker; in particular, the method comprises the steps of,
(41) The sender needs to normalize the music so that each sound sample value is in the range of-1 to 1, and Chirp audio is generated by cosine function sampling without processing;
(42) Mixing the Chirp audio and the original music according to a certain proportion, so that the whole music keeps inaudible Chirp symbols and keeps low error rate;
the information receiver includes the following two steps:
(5) The receiver uses the microphone of the smart phone to receive the music played by the loudspeaker, and firstly confirms the beginning of the frame for correct decoding;
(6) After the receiver confirms the start position of the frame, the receiver starts decoding Chirp; specifically:
(61) Performing fast Fourier transform on the Chirp symbol to obtain an amplitude value of the frequency;
(62) The energy sums of the up-chirp frequency band and the down-chirp frequency band are calculated by the amplitude values, respectively, and compared, and decoded into a symbol having a larger energy value.
The specific generation mode of Chirp in the steps (11) and (12) is as follows:
the Chirp signal is derived from the remainder at a given sampling rateSampling in sine wave, and setting cosine wave of down-chirp as s (t) =cos (2pi f) c t-πμ/2t 2 ) Up-chirp is s (t) =cos (2pi f) c t+πμ/2t 2 ) Wherein f c As the center frequency, μ is defined as the rate of change of frequency.
The step (5) specifically comprises the following steps:
(51) The receiver uses short-time Fourier transform to detect the high frequency band of the music to aim at the symbol data, so that the original music and the environmental noise can be filtered;
(52) When the receiver detects that the audio frequency is near the center frequency, a special state is entered in which the invention tries to decode the forthcoming five chirp symbols, frame synchronization is completed when the next five chirp symbols are successfully decoded, otherwise the window is slid by one sample, and the next attempt is started.
The step (62) specifically includes:
the specific calculation mode of the receiver to calculate the energy sum of the up-chirp frequency band and the down-chirp frequency band respectively through the amplitude value is as follows: assuming mag (i) as the amplitude of frequency iFor the energy sum of the up-chirp frequency band, for the energy sum of the down-chirp frequency band, if e up ＞e down The symbol is up-chirp, otherwise down-chirp.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The quality of the mixed audio is high, the user is not disturbed, and the user cannot perceive the existence of Chirp audio. That is, the user can receive information by the smart phone while enjoying music.
(2) The traditional manual mode is replaced by the audio, so that not only is the labor force saved, but also the user can conveniently and quickly receive the information.
(3) Compared with Bluetooth and NFC with screen camera communication, the invention has a longer transmission distance and wider coverage, and typical examples are coverage of about 10 x 10m 2 Is a part of the area of the substrate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the error rate with the volume according to the present invention
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the error rate with distance according to the present invention
Detailed Description
The present invention is specifically described below.
In practice, the invention requires a speaker for the information sender to play the audio file embedded with the encoded information for transmitting the information. The information receiver needs a smart phone, which is used for receiving the audio file and then performing decoding work for receiving the information.
The whole process is divided into two parts of an information sender and an information receiver, wherein the information sender comprises the following steps:
(1) The sender determines the information to be transmitted and the music to be played and encodes the information to be transmitted into audio symbols.
The present invention uses Chirp to encode information, encoding 0/1 bit into one down-/up-Chirp, respectively. Let f 0 Is the minimum frequency of Chirp, f 1 Is the maximum frequency of Chirp. τ is the duration of one Chirp symbol, and the symbol error rate decreases as τ increases. Considering both transmission rate and decoding rate, the present invention recommends τ to be set to 100ms.
The frequency change rate μ is defined asThe Chirp symbol is then obtained by time sampling two cosine waves of duration τ. The invention provides a novel Chirp symbol, which is +.>For the center frequency, it is recommended to let f c Set to 18KHz. The present invention sets the cosine wave of up-chirp to s (t) =cos (2pi f) c t+πμ/2t 2 ) Down-chirp is s (t) =cos (2pi f) c t-πμ/2t 2 ). That is, the frequency of up-chirp is from f c Increase to f 1 The down-chirp frequency is from f c Reduced to f 0 。
(2) The sender needs to generate a fixed Chirp sequence as the start signal and add the start signal before the information encoded Chirp.
Since the client may listen at any time, the present invention also needs to confirm the start time of the frame for proper decoding before the Chirp encoding described in (1). For this purpose, the invention generates a fixed Chirp sequence at the beginning of the message as an activation signal. The invention recommends the setting of five fixed Chirp symbols (up-/up-/down-/down-/down-Chirp) as a fixed sequence.
(3) The sender needs to preprocess the generated Chirp symbols using a new window to eliminate the noise problem caused by energy leakage between the two Chirp symbols.
The invention uses a novel window similar to a triangular window functionTo pre-process the Chirp symbols, where M represents the number of samples of one Chirp symbol, specifically denoted as m=fs×τ. Where fs is the sampling rate, τ is the duration of one Chirp symbol, and n is an argument that grows from 0 to M.
The invention multiplies each generated Chirp symbol by w (n) to obtain the preprocessed Chirp audio, so that each Chirp symbol is gradually generated from 0 and gradually disappears in the last part. At this point, each Chirp symbol may be connected to the next Chirp symbol without faults.
(4) The sender mixes the generated Chirp symbol with music to be played, generates a mixed music file carrying information, and plays the mixed music using a speaker.
(41) Assuming that the audio stream corresponding to music is x and the audio stream corresponding to Chirp symbol is y, it is first necessary to compare the lengths of audio x and audio y, and align the shorter one with the data zero for bit filling.
(42) Next the sender needs to normalize the original music stream so that each sound sample is a floating point value in the range of-1 to 1. The specific operation is as follows: setting the original music stream as x, normalizing the normalized music stream as x', and normalizingProcessing, where N max For maximum value of sound samples (e.g., if each audio sample is represented in 8 bits, N max ＝255)。
(43) The Chirp audio y is generated from the cosine function samples described in 1, the cosine function values already being in the range-1 to 1, so that no further processing is required.
(44) Setting the music stream of the mixed music to z, the sender can obtain mixed music z= (1- ρ) x' +ρy, where ρ is a weighting parameter controlling the chirp audio stream part of the mixed audio stream, the present invention recommends that ρ be set to 0.4.
(45) The value of the mixed music stream z obtained by the sender is between-1 and 1, and the floating point number-1 to 1 range signal is used as z' =zxN max Scaling to an integer sample range, the sender may get the mixed music z' that can be saved, and play the mixed music using the speaker.
The information receiver includes the steps of:
(5) The receiver receives the music played by the speaker using the smart phone's microphone, and first needs to confirm the beginning of the frame for proper decoding.
(51) The receiver detects frequencies above music 17200Hz using a short-time fourier transform to filter out the original music and ambient noise to align the symbol data.
(52) When the receiver detects that the audio frequency is near f c Will enter intoOne special state in which the present invention attempts to decode the forthcoming five chirp symbols. Frame synchronization is completed when the next five chirp symbols are successfully decoded. Otherwise, the window is slid by one sample and the next attempt is started.
(6) After the receiver determines the frame start position, it will start decoding Chirp.
(61) Assume that a segment of sound corresponding to a Chirp symbol is s 0 . The invention is to s 0 Performing fast Fourier transform to obtain the frequency amplitude, and setting mag (i) as the frequency i amplitude.
(62) Calculation ofEnergy sum for up-chirp frequency bandIs the energy sum of the down-chirp frequency band.
(63) Comparative e up And e down If e up ＞e down The symbol is up-chirp, otherwise down-chirp. Thus, the receiver completes the decoding work and acquires the information hidden in the music.
The effects of the present invention can be further illustrated by the following experiments.
Experiment one tests the influence of different sound volumes of the loudspeaker on the error rate, and the error rate is measured by setting the sound volumes to 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% of the sound volume of the loudspeaker respectively, and the experimental result is shown in figure 2. Experimental results show that the invention has low sensitivity to volume, and the error rate can be increased only when the volume is lower than a certain degree.
The second experiment tests the influence of the distance between the receiver and the loudspeaker on the error rate, and the experiment selects two types of red rice mobile phones, namely a Nokia mobile phone, an oppo mobile phone, a hammer mobile phone and a three star mobile phone, wherein the experiment is carried out at intervals of 1 meter from 2 meters to 10 meters respectively, and the influence of the distance on the error rate is measured. The experimental results are shown in figure 3. Experimental results show that the invention has better performance in a longer distance, longer transmission distance and wide coverage range.
Experiment three tests the effect of different types of original music on bit error rate. The experiment is carried out by selecting five types of ten world famous songs of electronic music, classical music, blue tune music, rock music and ballad, and testing the bit error rate of chirp and various kinds of music after mixing. The experimental results are shown in the following table. It can be found from experiments that the invention is applicable to various types of music. This means that the invention can be applied in various different types of places, both in quiet cafes and in noisy shops, and works well.
Claims (4)
1. A method for hiding information in music based on Chirp is divided into two parts of an information sender and an information receiver, and is characterized in that: the information sender includes the following four steps:
(1) The sender determines information to be transmitted and music to be played, and encodes the information to be transmitted into Chirp symbols; in particular, the method comprises the steps of,
(11) The sender selects 18KHz as the center frequency, and generates up-chirp and down-chirp respectively by taking the center frequency as the center;
(12) The sender encodes bit 0 as down-chirp and bit 1 as up-chirp;
(2) The sender needs to generate a fixed Chirp sequence as a starting signal, and adds the starting signal before the Chirp of the information code;
(3) The sender uses the following new window for the generated Chirp symbolTo pre-process a Chirp symbol, where M represents the number of samples of a Chirp symbol, specifically denoted as m=fs τ, where fs is the sampling rate, τ is the duration of a Chirp symbol, and n is a number that increases from 0 to MMultiplying each generated Chirp symbol by w (n) to obtain preprocessed Chirp audio, so that each Chirp symbol is gradually generated from 0 and gradually disappears in the last part;
(4) The sender mixes the generated Chirp symbol with the music to be played, generates a mixed music file carrying information, and plays the mixed music by using a loudspeaker; in particular, the method comprises the steps of,
(41) The sender needs to normalize the music so that each sound sample value is in the range of-1 to 1, and Chirp audio is generated by cosine function sampling without processing;
(42) Mixing the Chirp audio and the original music according to a certain proportion, so that the whole music keeps inaudible Chirp symbols and keeps low error rate;
the information receiver includes the following two steps:
(5) The receiver uses the microphone of the smart phone to receive the music played by the loudspeaker, and firstly confirms the beginning of the frame for correct decoding;
(6) After the receiver confirms the start position of the frame, the receiver starts decoding Chirp; specifically:
(61) Performing fast Fourier transform on the Chirp symbol to obtain an amplitude value of the frequency;
(62) The energy sum of the up-Chirp frequency band and the down-Chirp frequency band is calculated respectively through the amplitude values, and compared, and the Chirp symbol with a larger energy value is decoded.
2. The method for hiding information in music based on Chirp according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the steps (11) and (12) of the information sender, the concrete generation mode of Chirp is that the Chirp signal is sampled from cosine wave at a given sampling rate, and the cosine wave of down-Chirp is set as s (t) =cos (2 pi f) c t-πμ/2t 2 ) The cosine wave of up-chirp is set to s (t) =cos (2pi f) c t+πμ/2t 2 ) Wherein f c As the center frequency, μ is defined as the rate of change of frequency.
3. The method for hiding information in music based on Chirp according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5) of the information receiver, the receiver uses the microphone of the smart phone to receive the music played by the speaker, and for correct decoding, the beginning of the frame is first confirmed, specifically including the following steps:
(51) The receiver uses short-time Fourier transform to detect the high frequency band of the music to aim at the symbol data, thereby filtering out the original music and the environmental noise;
(52) When the receiver detects that the audio frequency is near the center frequency, it tries to decode the forthcoming five chirp symbols, when the next five chirp symbols are successfully decoded, frame synchronization is completed, otherwise, the window is slid by one sample, and the next attempt is started.
4. The method for hiding information in music based on Chirp according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (62) of the information receiver, the specific calculation mode of the energy sum of the up-chirp frequency band and the down-chirp frequency band by the receiver through the amplitude value is as follows: assuming mag (i) as the amplitude of frequency iEnergy sum of up-chirp frequency band,/->Is the energy sum of the down-chirp frequency band, wherein f 1 For the maximum frequency of Chirp, f 0 For the minimum frequency of Chirp, if e up ＞e down The symbol is up-chirp, otherwise down-chirp.
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| US8275475B2 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2012-09-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and system for estimating frequency and amplitude change of spectral peaks |
| WO2013035537A1 (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2013-03-14 | 国立大学法人北陸先端科学技術大学院大学 | Digital watermark detection device and digital watermark detection method, as well as tampering detection device using digital watermark and tampering detection method using digital watermark |
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| CN102496371A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | 江西省电力科学研究院 | Digital watermark method for audio carrier |
| CN102855877A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2013-01-02 | 武汉大学 | DA (digital-to-analog)/AD (analog-to-digital) conversion resistant audio watermarking method |
| CN104505096A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-04-08 | 华南理工大学 | Method and device using music to transmit hidden information |
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