CN113008157A - Tunnel boring machine shield inner surface deformation monitoring method - Google Patents
Tunnel boring machine shield inner surface deformation monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113008157A CN113008157A CN202110455149.9A CN202110455149A CN113008157A CN 113008157 A CN113008157 A CN 113008157A CN 202110455149 A CN202110455149 A CN 202110455149A CN 113008157 A CN113008157 A CN 113008157A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel boring machine shield inner surface deformation monitoring method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of marking monitoring points on the inner surface of a shield, wherein the monitoring points are distributed at the middle rear part of the shield in a plurality of groups, each group of monitoring points are arranged along the cross section of the shield in an annular mode, the distribution density of the monitoring points at the top of the shield is larger than that of the monitoring points at two sides of the shield, installing a group of optical strain gauges at each monitoring point, each group of optical strain gauges comprises a first strain gauge arranged along the axial direction of the shield and a second strain gauge arranged along the annular direction of the shield, installing a strain data acquisition instrument and an upper computer in the shield, installing a data processor in a monitoring room of a construction site, analyzing data, calculating the magnitude of an acting force between a surrounding rock and the shield, and pre-judging the tunneling state and the blocking position of the tunnel boring machine according to reduce the blocking risk. According to the invention, the deformation of the inner surface of the shield is monitored through the optical strain gauge, so that the aims of prejudging the TBM tunneling state and the position of a card machine and reducing the risk of the card machine are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel boring machines, in particular to a method for monitoring deformation of the inner surface of a shield of a tunnel boring machine.
Background
In the tunneling process of a tunnel boring machine (hereinafter referred to as TBM), the surrounding rock is easy to deform excessively to cause the TBM to block. The engineering progress is seriously influenced by a card-sticking accident, the safety of equipment and workers is endangered, and the method is one of the main technical problems in the existing TBM tunneling process. In the TBM tunneling process, the blocking accidents are mainly represented by three types, namely a cutter clamping disc, a blocking shield and attitude deviation, and for double-shield TBMs and single-shield TBMs, the blocking of the shield is the main blocking reason. By TBM excavation disturbance, the tunnel wall surrounding rock can take place radial deformation such as whole convergence, local big deformation, surrounding rock creep, and after the deflection exceeded and digs the space of reserving, the surrounding rock extrusion shield led to the increase of the frictional resistance that the shield receives, and frictional resistance increases to certain extent and will cause the card machine accident. For the TBM with the shield, the interaction condition of surrounding rocks outside the shield and the shield cannot be directly observed in the construction process, so that the state of the heading machine and the state of a machine stuck with the machine cannot be accurately judged, the machine stuck accident is difficult to predict and handle, and the harm caused by the machine stuck accident is increased to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a tunnel boring machine shield inner surface deformation monitoring method which is convenient to implement and accurate in detection, and the following technical scheme can be specifically adopted:
the invention relates to a method for monitoring deformation of the inner surface of a shield of a tunnel boring machine, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, the positions of monitoring points are reasonably selected on the inner surface of a shield and marked, the monitoring points are distributed on the middle rear part of the shield in a plurality of groups, each group of monitoring points are arranged annularly along the cross section of the shield, and the distribution density of the monitoring points on the top of the shield is greater than that of the monitoring points on two sides of the shield;
secondly, respectively installing a group of optical strain gauges at each monitoring point marked in the first step, wherein each group of optical strain gauges comprises a first strain gauge arranged along the axial direction of the shield and a second strain gauge arranged along the circumferential direction of the shield;
thirdly, mounting a strain data acquisition instrument and an upper computer in the shield, transmitting signals acquired by each group of optical strain gauges to the upper computer through the strain data acquisition instrument for automatically monitoring the strain of the shield in real time and storing monitoring data in time;
fourthly, installing a data processor in a construction site monitoring room, communicating the upper computer with the data processor through the internet, and automatically downloading shield strain monitoring data and uploading the shield strain monitoring data to the cloud disk;
and fifthly, according to the downloaded shield strain monitoring data, performing data analysis by using an elastic mechanics method or a finite element method, calculating the acting force between the surrounding rock and the shield, and prejudging the tunneling state and the position of a machine block of the tunnel boring machine according to the acting force, so as to reduce the risk of the machine block.
And each group of monitoring points are arranged along the center plane of the tunnel boring machine in a bilateral symmetry manner.
Each monitoring point is coaxially arranged with the monitoring point on the front side and/or the rear side.
The same group of monitoring points positioned on the semicircle of the top surface of the shield are arranged at intervals of 30 degrees.
The number of the monitoring points is two, and the included angles between the monitoring points and the horizontal plane are 45 degrees.
The monitoring points on the semicircle of the bottom surface of the shield are arranged to be three at 45-degree included angles.
According to the method for monitoring the deformation of the inner surface of the shield of the tunnel boring machine, provided by the invention, the deformation of the inner surface of the shield is monitored through the optical strain gauge arranged on the inner surface of the shield, the monitoring data is analyzed by using an elastic mechanics method or a finite element method, and the interaction force of the surrounding rock and the shield is calculated, so that the aims of prejudging the boring state of the TBM and the position of a machine clamped and reducing the risk of the machine clamped are fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing a distribution of positions of monitoring points on an inner surface of a shield according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the mounting position of the optical strain gauge at each monitoring point in FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a detected data transmission line in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings, which are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are provided, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the method for monitoring the deformation of the inner surface of the shield of the tunnel boring machine according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
firstly, reasonably selecting the position of a monitoring point on the inner surface of the shield, and marking.
The following principle should be followed for selecting the monitoring point position: firstly, the tunnel boring machine is distributed at a position which is not easy to be damaged by construction in the normal tunneling process of the TBM; secondly, in order to accurately calculate the interaction force between the surrounding rock and the shield as much as possible and ensure that the stress condition of the TBM calculated according to the strain monitoring data conforms to the actual stress condition as much as possible, no other structures or parts which can change the rigidity of the shield are arranged on the inner wall of the shield within a certain range near the monitoring point, and more monitoring points are arranged as much as possible under the condition of permission; thirdly, considering that card jamming parts are mostly generated in the middle and rear parts of the shield, monitoring points are arranged in the middle and rear parts of the inner surface of the shield as far as possible and are arranged on a plurality of cross sections in the same arrangement mode; considering that the shield is mainly clamped and is mainly related to the mutual contact between the surrounding rocks at the middle upper part and the shield, the monitoring points are mainly arranged at the middle upper part of the tunneling section of the shield, the monitoring points are required to be symmetrically arranged towards the left and the right of the tunneling direction, and meanwhile, a small number of monitoring points are required to be arranged at the lower part of the shield.
In this embodiment, the monitoring point is that the multiunit distributes at shield middle and back portion, and every monitoring point of group all carries out the hoop setting along the shield cross section, and is located the distribution density at shield top with the monitoring point of group and is greater than the distribution density of shield both sides. Specifically, the group of monitoring points shown in fig. 1 includes nine monitoring points, wherein the monitoring points 1-7 are uniformly distributed on the semi-circle of the top surface of the shield at intervals of 30 degrees, and the monitoring points 8 and 9 are respectively distributed on the semi-circle of the bottom surface of the shield at an angle of 45 degrees with the monitoring points 1 and 7. Besides, a monitoring point can be arranged between monitoring points No. 8 and No. 9 when the field condition allows. Particularly, for a shield with an extra-large diameter, the total number of monitoring points needs to be increased along the circumference of the shield according to the actual situation. The monitoring points distributed on the rest cross sections correspond to the positions of the monitoring points as much as possible, namely, each monitoring point is coaxially arranged with the monitoring points on the front side and/or the rear side.
And secondly, respectively installing a group of optical strain gauges at each monitoring point marked in the first step, wherein each group of optical strain gauges comprises a first strain gauge a arranged along the axial direction of the shield and a second strain gauge b arranged along the circumferential direction of the shield (see fig. 2). The optical strain gauge is made of Bragg grating glass fibers with the diameter not more than 4-9 microns, and compared with a common resistance type strain gauge, the optical strain gauge has the advantages of large measurable strain, high vibration ring mirror adaptation, less wiring and the like. In the invention, the shield is respectively installed in the axial direction and the annular direction of the shield and is used for measuring the real-time strain value of the shield in the TBM tunneling process.
Specifically, firstly, cleaning the inner surface of a shield before installing an optical strain gauge to ensure that the inner surface is smooth and clean; secondly, the optical strain gauge is checked before installation, an axial first strain gauge a and a circumferential second strain gauge b can be installed at each monitoring point after the optical strain gauge is checked without errors, the first strain gauge a is used for monitoring axial strain, and the second strain gauge b is used for monitoring circumferential strain. It should be noted that the initial reading of the optical strain gage should be measured before each measurement.
And thirdly, mounting a strain data acquisition instrument and an upper computer in the shield, transmitting signals acquired by each group of optical strain gauges to the upper computer through the strain data acquisition instrument for automatically monitoring the strain of the shield in real time, and storing the monitoring data in time.
Specifically, after the optical strain gauge is installed, the strain data acquisition instrument is installed at a proper position in the TBM, the strain data acquisition instrument is required to be close to the strain gauge, meanwhile, the position of the strain data acquisition instrument is required to be concealed and safe, the normal construction of the TBM is not influenced, the strain data acquisition instrument is not easy to be damaged by the construction of the TBM, the strain data acquisition instrument is connected with a power supply, and the power supply is stable and needs to be supplied by an illumination power supply in the TBM. And then, the optical strain gauges are communicated with a strain data acquisition instrument by adopting data transmission lines, and two ends of each data transmission line are respectively marked, so that the monitoring positions of the optical strain gauges are ensured to be in one-to-one correspondence with data acquisition channels on the strain data acquisition instrument. The data transmission line is usually laid along the original pipeline of the TBM and is different from other pipelines, so that the data transmission line is secret, safe and convenient to overhaul. And an upper computer (a TBM inner computer for short) for controlling the strain data acquisition instrument to carry out data measurement is also arranged at the concealed and safe position in the TBM, and the upper computer is communicated with the strain data acquisition instrument through a data line and is communicated with a TBM inner network.
And fourthly, installing a data processor (a field monitoring room computer for short) in the construction field monitoring room, wherein the data processor can be communicated with a TBM intranet where the upper computer is located through the Internet. In general, the host computer inside the hole should smoothly control the strain data acquisition instrument to automatically acquire strain data once every a period of time and store the strain data, while the data processor outside the hole can smoothly access the host computer, download the acquired strain data to the local computer (i.e., the data processor) and upload the data to the cloud disk.
And fifthly, a system consisting of the optical strain gauge, the strain data acquisition instrument, the upper computer and the data processor can automatically acquire, store and upload data in real time, researchers can remotely download and analyze the monitored data, analyze the data by using an elastic mechanics method or a finite element method, calculate the interaction force between the surrounding rock and the shield, and can prejudge the state of the TBM tunneling machine, judge the position of a card machine and reduce the risk of the card machine according to the analysis result and the site construction condition.
A large number of theoretical researches and engineering examples show that the shield is mainly clamped and is related to the excessive deformation of the surrounding rock to extrude the shield, and the excessive deformation of the surrounding rock can be caused by high ground stress, poor integrity of the surrounding rock, weak surrounding rock and the like. The deformation condition of the surrounding rock is difficult to directly monitor in the construction process, but the interaction between the shield and the surrounding rock and the shield can be reversely deduced by monitoring the deformation condition of the shield, so that the interaction force between the surrounding rock and the shield can be indirectly obtained. The shield is an annular steel cylinder, the thickness of the shield is very small compared with the diameter of the shield, the shield elastically deforms under the extrusion action of external surrounding rocks, and the shield can be approximately regarded as a thin-wall cylinder model. The acting force between the surrounding rock and the shield is mainly radial load, the local part can be simplified into a thin plate model, the axial and circumferential strain of the inner wall of the shield is measured, the one-to-one correspondence relationship exists between the strain and the stress of the shield within the elastic limit, the local surrounding rock pressure can be calculated by using an elastic mechanics method or a finite element method, the extrusion stress of the whole shield is accumulated and summed, the surrounding rock extrusion stress borne by the shield can be approximately calculated, and the friction resistance borne by the shield can be calculated by multiplying the calculated surrounding rock extrusion stress by the friction coefficient between the surrounding rock and the shield. According to the calculation result, the TBM tunneling state can be judged in advance; when the pressure of surrounding rocks is increased, the risk of blocking the machine can be reduced to a certain extent by selecting a proper tunneling mode; after the card machine is generated, the position of the main card machine can be judged by analyzing the stress condition of the shield, the reason of the card machine is speculated, and the accident handling of the card machine is guided, so that the loss caused by the accident of the card machine is reduced.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, terms of orientation or positional relationship such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A tunnel boring machine shield inner surface deformation monitoring method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, the positions of monitoring points are reasonably selected on the inner surface of a shield and marked, the monitoring points are distributed on the middle rear part of the shield in a plurality of groups, each group of monitoring points are arranged annularly along the cross section of the shield, and the distribution density of the monitoring points on the top of the shield is greater than that of the monitoring points on two sides of the shield;
secondly, respectively installing a group of optical strain gauges at each monitoring point marked in the first step, wherein each group of optical strain gauges comprises a first strain gauge arranged along the axial direction of the shield and a second strain gauge arranged along the circumferential direction of the shield;
thirdly, mounting a strain data acquisition instrument and an upper computer in the shield, transmitting signals acquired by each group of optical strain gauges to the upper computer through the strain data acquisition instrument for automatically monitoring the strain of the shield in real time and storing monitoring data in time;
fourthly, installing a data processor in a construction site monitoring room, communicating the upper computer with the data processor through the internet, and automatically downloading shield strain monitoring data and uploading the shield strain monitoring data to the cloud disk;
and fifthly, according to the downloaded shield strain monitoring data, performing data analysis by using an elastic mechanics method or a finite element method, calculating the acting force between the surrounding rock and the shield, and prejudging the tunneling state and the position of a machine block of the tunnel boring machine according to the acting force, so as to reduce the risk of the machine block.
2. The method of monitoring the deformation of the inner surface of the shield of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, wherein: and each group of monitoring points are arranged along the center plane of the tunnel boring machine in a bilateral symmetry manner.
3. The method of monitoring the deformation of the inner surface of the shield of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, wherein: each monitoring point is coaxially arranged with the monitoring point on the front side and/or the rear side.
4. The method of monitoring the deformation of the inner surface of the shield of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, wherein: the same group of monitoring points positioned on the semicircle of the top surface of the shield are arranged at intervals of 30 degrees.
5. The method of monitoring the deformation of the inner surface of the shield of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 4, wherein: the number of the monitoring points is two, and the included angles between the monitoring points and the horizontal plane are 45 degrees.
6. The method of monitoring the deformation of the inner surface of the shield of the tunnel boring machine according to claim 4, wherein: the monitoring points on the semicircle of the bottom surface of the shield are arranged to be three at 45-degree included angles.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN116642428A (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2023-08-25 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Surrounding rock deformation safety evaluation method for open TBM excavation tunnel |
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| CN116642428A (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2023-08-25 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Surrounding rock deformation safety evaluation method for open TBM excavation tunnel |
| CN116642428B (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2024-02-06 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Surrounding rock deformation safety evaluation method for open TBM excavation tunnel |
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