CN113004046A - 一种ub2陶瓷体的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于硼化物陶瓷材料的制备技术领域,具体涉及一种UB2陶瓷体的制备方法。包括以下步骤:步骤一:采用感应熔炼或电弧熔炼方法,将金属铀与硼混合,放置坩埚中,加热或起弧熔炼,使其均匀反应,控制铀硼反应速率,制备出二硼化铀的铸锭;步骤二:在手套箱中,采用金属铀材质的破碎工具,将铸锭破碎,随后放置在球磨机中,球磨制备出二硼化铀粉末;步骤三:将粉末放入石墨模具中,并将装有粉末的模具用一次性塑料膜进行包覆,随后转至热压烧结炉内;步骤四:采用热压烧结工艺,制备出陶瓷体;步骤五:采用线切割工艺,进行表面及四周加工。采用本发明制备出密度大于11.43g/cm3、表面光滑、单一物相的二硼化铀陶瓷体。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于硼化物陶瓷材料的制备技术领域,具体涉及一种UB2陶瓷体的制备方法。
背景技术
随着核工业的不断发展,贫铀作为分离后的副产品与日俱增,我国的贫铀储量也在不断扩大,铀的硼化物以高熔点、稳定性好而开始受到重视,二硼化铀具有屏蔽效果好且密度较低的优点,可能在未来复合屏蔽材料方面具有较大的应用前景,因此探索出UB2陶瓷体的制备方法显得尤其重要。
目前国外关于二硼化铀的制备方法主要有:1)采用电弧熔炼的方法进行小批量试制;2)在感应加热炉中采用1000~1250℃,进行加热;3)采用二硼化镁或六硼化钙与铀的氯化物在400~800℃长时间反应48h以上,制备出铀硼化物与氯化镁,再采用湿法进行分离,但具体详细工艺流程未见公开报道,国内也未见其相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种UB2陶瓷体的制备方法,实现较高密度的UB2陶瓷体的制备。
为达到上述目的,本发明所采取的技术方案为:
一种UB2陶瓷体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:二硼化铀铸锭制备:
采用感应熔炼或电弧熔炼方法,将金属铀与硼混合,放置坩埚中,加热或起弧熔炼,使其均匀反应,控制铀硼反应速率,制备出二硼化铀的铸锭;
步骤二:粉末制备:
在手套箱中,采用金属铀材质的破碎工具,将铸锭破碎,随后放置在球磨机中,球磨制备出二硼化铀粉末;
步骤三:粉末装炉:
将粉末放入石墨模具中,并将装有粉末的模具用一次性塑料膜进行包覆,随后转至热压烧结炉内;
步骤四:高密度陶瓷体制备:
采用热压烧结工艺,制备出陶瓷体;
步骤五:机械加工:
采用线切割工艺,进行表面及四周加工。
所述的步骤一,加热至1200~1300℃或起弧熔炼。
所述的步骤四,制备出密度大于11.43g/cm3的陶瓷体。
本发明所取得的有益效果为:
采用本发明制备出密度大于11.43g/cm3、表面光滑、单一物相的二硼化铀陶瓷体。完成了单一二硼化铀铸锭的制备,然后制粉热压烧结,最终制备出圆柱形的UB2陶瓷体。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明所述UB2陶瓷体的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:二硼化铀铸锭制备
采用感应熔炼或电弧熔炼方法,将金属铀与硼混合,放置坩埚中,加热至 1200~1300℃或起弧熔炼,使其均匀反应,控制铀硼反应速率,制备出二硼化铀的铸锭。
步骤二:粉末制备
在手套箱中,采用金属铀材质的破碎工具,将铸锭破碎,随后放置在球磨机中,球磨制备出二硼化铀粉末。
步骤三:粉末装炉
将粉末放入石墨模具中,并将装有粉末的模具用一次性塑料膜进行包覆,随后转至热压烧结炉内。
步骤四:高密度陶瓷体制备
采用热压烧结工艺,制备出密度大于11.43g/cm3的陶瓷体。
步骤五:机械加工
采用线切割工艺,进行表面及四周加工。
实施例:
1)熔炼
按铀硼化学计量比1:2配比,采用非自耗电弧熔炼,输出电流采用 500~600A,搅拌电流6mA~10mA,熔炼多次,制备出二硼化铀纽扣锭;
2)破碎
在手套箱中采用铀棒,对铸锭进行破碎,然后通过50目~80目筛网,放置球磨机中,球磨速度为100~300r/min,球磨时间为5~15min,制备出粒径 5um~10um左右的粉末。
3)装炉
在手套箱中采用圆柱形的石墨模具进行装料,必要的真空密封后,从过渡仓中取出,装入带有一定锥度的外套模具中,放入热压烧结炉内。
4)热压烧结
抽真空后,采用升温速度10℃/min进行升温,最高烧结温度1450~1950℃,保温3h~6h,最大压力45~65MPa,随炉冷却。
5)加工
降至室温后出炉,采用压机进行脱模,然后采用线切割工艺进行切割,最终制备出圆柱形的UB2陶瓷体,密度大于11.43g/cm3。
Claims (3)
1.一种UB2陶瓷体的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一:二硼化铀铸锭制备:
采用感应熔炼或电弧熔炼方法,将金属铀与硼混合,放置坩埚中,加热或起弧熔炼,使其均匀反应,控制铀硼反应速率,制备出二硼化铀的铸锭;
步骤二:粉末制备:
在手套箱中,采用金属铀材质的破碎工具,将铸锭破碎,随后放置在球磨机中,球磨制备出二硼化铀粉末;
步骤三:粉末装炉:
将粉末放入石墨模具中,并将装有粉末的模具用一次性塑料膜进行包覆,随后转至热压烧结炉内;
步骤四:高密度陶瓷体制备:
采用热压烧结工艺,制备出陶瓷体;
步骤五:机械加工:
采用线切割工艺,进行表面及四周加工。
2.根据权利要求1所述的UB2陶瓷体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤一,加热至1200~1300℃或起弧熔炼。
3.根据权利要求1所述的UB2陶瓷体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤四,制备出密度大于11.43g/cm3的陶瓷体。
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Citations (2)
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EP3396676A1 (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-10-31 | Westinghouse Electric Sweden AB | A ceramic nuclear fuel pellet, a fuel rod, and a fuel assembly |
TW201838952A (zh) * | 2017-02-21 | 2018-11-01 | 瑞典商西屋電器瑞典股份有限公司 | 經燒結之核燃料丸,燃料棒,燃料組件及製造經燒結之核燃料丸的方法 |
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TW201838952A (zh) * | 2017-02-21 | 2018-11-01 | 瑞典商西屋電器瑞典股份有限公司 | 經燒結之核燃料丸,燃料棒,燃料組件及製造經燒結之核燃料丸的方法 |
EP3396676A1 (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-10-31 | Westinghouse Electric Sweden AB | A ceramic nuclear fuel pellet, a fuel rod, and a fuel assembly |
US20210125734A1 (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2021-04-29 | Westinghouse Electric Sweden Ab | A ceramic nuclear fuel pellet, a fuel rod, and a fuel assembly |
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E. KARDOULAKI 等: ""Thermophysical and mechanical property assessment of UB2 and UB4 sintered via spark plasma sintering"", 《JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS》 * |
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