CN113004046A - 一种ub2陶瓷体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种ub2陶瓷体的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113004046A
CN113004046A CN201911326647.2A CN201911326647A CN113004046A CN 113004046 A CN113004046 A CN 113004046A CN 201911326647 A CN201911326647 A CN 201911326647A CN 113004046 A CN113004046 A CN 113004046A
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uranium
preparing
ceramic body
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powder
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刘建成
何勇
单宏祎
徐建川
康泰峰
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China North Nuclear Fuel Co Ltd
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    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
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Abstract

本发明属于硼化物陶瓷材料的制备技术领域，具体涉及一种UB2陶瓷体的制备方法。包括以下步骤：步骤一：采用感应熔炼或电弧熔炼方法，将金属铀与硼混合，放置坩埚中，加热或起弧熔炼，使其均匀反应，控制铀硼反应速率，制备出二硼化铀的铸锭；步骤二：在手套箱中，采用金属铀材质的破碎工具，将铸锭破碎，随后放置在球磨机中，球磨制备出二硼化铀粉末；步骤三：将粉末放入石墨模具中，并将装有粉末的模具用一次性塑料膜进行包覆，随后转至热压烧结炉内；步骤四：采用热压烧结工艺，制备出陶瓷体；步骤五：采用线切割工艺，进行表面及四周加工。采用本发明制备出密度大于11.43g/cm3、表面光滑、单一物相的二硼化铀陶瓷体。

Description

一种UB2陶瓷体的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于硼化物陶瓷材料的制备技术领域，具体涉及一种UB2陶瓷体的制备方法。
背景技术
随着核工业的不断发展，贫铀作为分离后的副产品与日俱增，我国的贫铀储量也在不断扩大，铀的硼化物以高熔点、稳定性好而开始受到重视，二硼化铀具有屏蔽效果好且密度较低的优点，可能在未来复合屏蔽材料方面具有较大的应用前景，因此探索出UB2陶瓷体的制备方法显得尤其重要。
目前国外关于二硼化铀的制备方法主要有：1)采用电弧熔炼的方法进行小批量试制；2)在感应加热炉中采用1000～1250℃，进行加热；3)采用二硼化镁或六硼化钙与铀的氯化物在400～800℃长时间反应48h以上，制备出铀硼化物与氯化镁，再采用湿法进行分离，但具体详细工艺流程未见公开报道，国内也未见其相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种UB2陶瓷体的制备方法，实现较高密度的UB2陶瓷体的制备。
为达到上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案为：
一种UB2陶瓷体的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：二硼化铀铸锭制备：
采用感应熔炼或电弧熔炼方法，将金属铀与硼混合，放置坩埚中，加热或起弧熔炼，使其均匀反应，控制铀硼反应速率，制备出二硼化铀的铸锭；
步骤二：粉末制备：
在手套箱中，采用金属铀材质的破碎工具，将铸锭破碎，随后放置在球磨机中，球磨制备出二硼化铀粉末；
步骤三：粉末装炉：
将粉末放入石墨模具中，并将装有粉末的模具用一次性塑料膜进行包覆，随后转至热压烧结炉内；
步骤四：高密度陶瓷体制备：
采用热压烧结工艺，制备出陶瓷体；
步骤五：机械加工：
采用线切割工艺，进行表面及四周加工。
所述的步骤一，加热至1200～1300℃或起弧熔炼。
所述的步骤四，制备出密度大于11.43g/cm3的陶瓷体。
本发明所取得的有益效果为：
采用本发明制备出密度大于11.43g/cm3、表面光滑、单一物相的二硼化铀陶瓷体。完成了单一二硼化铀铸锭的制备，然后制粉热压烧结，最终制备出圆柱形的UB2陶瓷体。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明所述UB2陶瓷体的制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一：二硼化铀铸锭制备
采用感应熔炼或电弧熔炼方法，将金属铀与硼混合，放置坩埚中，加热至 1200～1300℃或起弧熔炼，使其均匀反应，控制铀硼反应速率，制备出二硼化铀的铸锭。
步骤二：粉末制备
在手套箱中，采用金属铀材质的破碎工具，将铸锭破碎，随后放置在球磨机中，球磨制备出二硼化铀粉末。
步骤三：粉末装炉
将粉末放入石墨模具中，并将装有粉末的模具用一次性塑料膜进行包覆，随后转至热压烧结炉内。
步骤四：高密度陶瓷体制备
采用热压烧结工艺，制备出密度大于11.43g/cm3的陶瓷体。
步骤五：机械加工
采用线切割工艺，进行表面及四周加工。
实施例：
1)熔炼
按铀硼化学计量比1：2配比，采用非自耗电弧熔炼，输出电流采用 500～600A，搅拌电流6mA～10mA，熔炼多次，制备出二硼化铀纽扣锭；
2)破碎
在手套箱中采用铀棒，对铸锭进行破碎，然后通过50目～80目筛网，放置球磨机中，球磨速度为100～300r/min，球磨时间为5～15min，制备出粒径 5um～10um左右的粉末。
3)装炉
在手套箱中采用圆柱形的石墨模具进行装料，必要的真空密封后，从过渡仓中取出，装入带有一定锥度的外套模具中，放入热压烧结炉内。
4)热压烧结
抽真空后，采用升温速度10℃/min进行升温，最高烧结温度1450～1950℃，保温3h～6h，最大压力45～65MPa，随炉冷却。
5)加工
降至室温后出炉，采用压机进行脱模，然后采用线切割工艺进行切割，最终制备出圆柱形的UB2陶瓷体，密度大于11.43g/cm3。

Claims (3)

1.一种UB2陶瓷体的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
步骤一：二硼化铀铸锭制备：
采用感应熔炼或电弧熔炼方法，将金属铀与硼混合，放置坩埚中，加热或起弧熔炼，使其均匀反应，控制铀硼反应速率，制备出二硼化铀的铸锭；
步骤二：粉末制备：
在手套箱中，采用金属铀材质的破碎工具，将铸锭破碎，随后放置在球磨机中，球磨制备出二硼化铀粉末；
步骤三：粉末装炉：
将粉末放入石墨模具中，并将装有粉末的模具用一次性塑料膜进行包覆，随后转至热压烧结炉内；
步骤四：高密度陶瓷体制备：
采用热压烧结工艺，制备出陶瓷体；
步骤五：机械加工：
采用线切割工艺，进行表面及四周加工。
2.根据权利要求1所述的UB2陶瓷体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤一，加热至1200～1300℃或起弧熔炼。
3.根据权利要求1所述的UB2陶瓷体的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤四，制备出密度大于11.43g/cm3的陶瓷体。
CN201911326647.2A 2019-12-20 2019-12-20 一种ub2陶瓷体的制备方法 Pending CN113004046A (zh)

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Citations (2)

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EP3396676A1 (en) * 2017-04-26 2018-10-31 Westinghouse Electric Sweden AB A ceramic nuclear fuel pellet, a fuel rod, and a fuel assembly
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TW201838952A (zh) * 2017-02-21 2018-11-01 瑞典商西屋電器瑞典股份有限公司 經燒結之核燃料丸，燃料棒，燃料組件及製造經燒結之核燃料丸的方法
EP3396676A1 (en) * 2017-04-26 2018-10-31 Westinghouse Electric Sweden AB A ceramic nuclear fuel pellet, a fuel rod, and a fuel assembly
US20210125734A1 (en) * 2017-04-26 2021-04-29 Westinghouse Electric Sweden Ab A ceramic nuclear fuel pellet, a fuel rod, and a fuel assembly

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Title
E. KARDOULAKI 等: ""Thermophysical and mechanical property assessment of UB2 and UB4 sintered via spark plasma sintering"", 《JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS》 *
赵宏 等: ""具有导电性的硼化物复合陶瓷"", 《中国建筑材料科学研究院学报》 *

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