CN112993234A - Niobium-based oxide material, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Niobium-based oxide material, preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN112993234A
CN112993234A CN201911276074.7A CN201911276074A CN112993234A CN 112993234 A CN112993234 A CN 112993234A CN 201911276074 A CN201911276074 A CN 201911276074A CN 112993234 A CN112993234 A CN 112993234A
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niobium
based oxide
oxide material
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temperature
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CN112993234B (en
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张洪章
宋子晗
李先锋
张华民
阎景旺
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention provides a niobium-based oxide material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the niobium-based oxide material is Nb with a three-dimensional porous structure2O5The size of the niobium-based oxide material is micron-sized, and the micron-sized niobium-based oxide material ensures that the electrode has high tap density, is beneficial to improving the volumetric specific energy of the battery, and ensures the good safety and stability of the battery.

Description

Niobium-based oxide material, preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of niobium-based oxide materials, in particular to a niobium-based oxide material, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In recent years, lithium ion batteries have been widely used in mobile electronic products such as mobile phones, tablet computers, smart wearable devices, digital cameras, and the like, and the development of electric vehicles brings a wider market for lithium ion batteries. With the innovation of terminal application technology and the increase of demand, people also put higher requirements on the performance of batteries, and the high-power performance is one of the hot spots of the current lithium ion battery research.
As a host of energy storage for lithium ion batteries, the properties of the electrode material directly determine the performance of the battery. The negative electrode material adopted by the commercial lithium ion battery at present is mainly a graphite negative electrode which has low lithium intercalation potential (II)<0.2V,vs.Li+/Li). Because the lithium intercalation potential is close to the lithium metal deposition potential, the lithium intercalation overpotential of the graphite negative electrode is increased under high current density, so that the electrode has the risk of lithium precipitation, and further the battery circuit is possibly caused to generate the battery safety problem, and the lithium intercalation potential is not suitable for high-rate charge and discharge. Therefore, exploring a suitable negative electrode material is a hotspot and difficulty in developing the next generation of high-rate and high-safety energy storage technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects of lithium ion battery cathode materials in the prior art such as lithium separation and low safety, the invention provides a niobium-based oxide material which can be used as a cathode for a lithium ion battery.
According to one aspect of the present application, there is provided a niobium-based oxide material, which is Nb having a three-dimensional porous structure2O5
Optionally, the niobium-based oxide material is micron-sized.
Optionally, the niobium-based oxide material has a pore diameter of 10 to 100nm and a specific surface area of 15m2/g~50m2(ii)/g; the size of the niobium-based oxide material is 2-6 mu m.
The present application also provides a method for preparing the niobium-based oxide material, which at least comprises the following steps: and (2) reacting and calcining the mixture containing the niobium source and the surfactant under the condition of microwave heating to obtain the niobium-based oxide material.
Optionally, the reaction is carried out in a microwave reactor.
Optionally, after the reaction is finished, the method further comprises the steps of centrifugal separation, solvent washing and vacuum drying, and the Nb can be obtained2O5A material precursor.
Optionally, the solvent used for washing comprises at least one of water, methanol, and ethanol.
Optionally, the temperature of the vacuum drying is 80-120 ℃; the drying time is 12-24 h.
Optionally, the Nb to be obtained after the reaction is completed2O5Grinding and calcining the material precursor to obtain Nb2O5A material.
The general calcination conditions can be used in the present application, and those skilled in the art can select suitable reaction conditions according to the actual production needs. Preferably, the reaction process of the calcination is as follows: the obtained Nb2O5Grinding a material precursor, putting the ground material precursor into a corundum crucible, putting the corundum crucible into a muffle furnace, heating the corundum crucible to 900-1200 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 2-10 ℃/min under the air condition, carrying out constant-temperature heat treatment for 4-12 h, and then cooling the corundum crucible to room temperature to obtain Nb2O5A material.
Optionally, the niobium source is selected from at least one of a niobium salt, a niobate salt.
Optionally, the niobium source comprises at least one of niobium pentachloride, niobium oxalate, lithium niobate, niobium ethoxide.
Optionally, the surfactant comprises at least one of pluronic (F127), sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
Optionally, the addition amount of the surfactant is 1-20% of the amount of the substance of the niobium element.
Preferably, the addition amount of the surfactant is 5-10% of the amount of the substance of the niobium element.
Optionally, the reaction conditions are: the reaction time is 2-12 h; the reaction temperature is 140-200 ℃.
Preferably, the reaction conditions are: the reaction time is 2-12 h; the reaction temperature is 160-180 ℃.
Optionally, the power of the microwave is 600-1000W.
Optionally, the mixture further comprises a solvent; the solvent comprises at least one of water, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol and benzyl alcohol.
Optionally, the concentration of the niobium source in the mixture is 0.01 to 0.1M.
Alternatively, the conditions of the calcination are: the reaction temperature is 900-1200 ℃; the reaction time is 4-12 h.
Preferably, the conditions of the calcination are: : the calcining temperature is 950-1000 ℃; : the calcining time is 6-12 h.
Preferably, the calcination is carried out in a corundum crucible.
Optionally, the reaction employs temperature programming; the temperature programming is to heat the mixture to 80-120 ℃ from room temperature at a speed of 8-24 ℃/min, react for 2-5 min, then continue to heat to 140-200 ℃, and react for 2-12 h.
The conventional temperature programming conditions can be used in the present application, and those skilled in the art can select appropriate reaction conditions according to actual production needs.
The application also provides a negative electrode material, which comprises at least one of the niobium-based oxide material and the niobium-based oxide material prepared by the method.
The application also provides a lithium ion battery which comprises at least one of the niobium-based oxide material, the niobium-based oxide material prepared by the method and the anode material.
The beneficial effects that this application can produce include:
1) the niobium-based oxide material prepared by the preparation method has high reversible capacity of 250 mAh/g;
2) the micron-sized niobium-based oxide material ensures that the electrode has high compaction density, and is beneficial to improving the volumetric specific energy of the battery;
3) the three-dimensional porous structure in the micron-sized niobium-based oxide material is beneficial to increasing the active surface area, shortening the lithium ion diffusion path in the material and ensuring the high rate performance of the electrode;
4) the niobium-based oxide material has a proper lithium intercalation potential, so that the risk of lithium precipitation of an electrode under a high current density is avoided, and the good safety and stability of the battery are ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern of a niobium based oxide material of example 1;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a niobium-based oxide material of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a 0.5C charge-discharge curve of the niobium-based oxide material of example 1;
figure 4 is a graph of the rate capability of the niobium-based oxide material of example 1.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples. The SEM test adopts a scanning electron microscope/JSM-7800F instrument;
the XRD test adopts an X-ray powder diffractometer/RigakuUltima IV;
the tap density test adopts a tap density tester/LABULK 0335;
the BET test adopted instrument is a physical adsorption analyzer/Micrometrics ASAP 2020;
the battery for the battery performance test is a CR2016 type button battery, and the adopted instrument is a blue battery test system/CT 2001A.
Example 1
Nb2O5Preparation of material (a 1):
dissolving 0.005mol of niobium oxalate in 90mL of deionized water and 10mL of ethanol, adding 0.002g of Pluronic F127 and 0.002g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight of 40000), and stirring until the niobium oxalate is dissolved to obtain a uniform solution; transferring the solution to a reaction kettle, and placing the reaction kettle into a microwave reactor with the power of 1000W, firstly, heating the temperature in the reaction kettle from room temperature to 100 ℃ for 10min, and keeping the temperature for 5 min; then continuously heating for 40min to 180 ℃, and reacting for 2h at constant temperature; cooling to room temperature, performing centrifugal separation to obtain a solid product, washing with deionized water for 2 times, washing with ethanol for 1 time, and drying in a vacuum oven at 90 ℃ for 12h to obtain a precursor; transferring the obtained precursor into a corundum crucible, putting the corundum crucible into a muffle furnace, heating the precursor to 1000 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the air condition, carrying out constant-temperature heat treatment for 8 hours, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain Nb2O5Material (a 1).
Preparation of half-cell (B1):
mixing Nb with2O5The material (a1) was used as an electrode active material to prepare an electrode; the material composition of the electrode is as follows: nb2O5The mass ratio of the material (A1), the carbon black and the PVdF is 8:1:1, and the current collector is an aluminum foil; containing Nb2O5An electrode of the material is used as a working electrode, metal lithium is simultaneously used as a counter electrode and a reference electrode, a Celgard2325 membrane is used as a battery diaphragm, and an LBC305-01 electrolyte is used for assembling a half battery (B1); the resulting half cell (B1) was tested for cell performance.
Example 2
Nb2O5Preparation of material (a 2):
nb in example 22O5The material (a2) was prepared differently: the surfactant was added in an amount of 0.002g of Pluronic F127 and 0.002g of sodium lauryl sulfate, and the other reaction steps and conditions were the same as in example 1.
Preparation of half-cell (B2):
from Nb2O5The procedure and conditions for preparing a half cell (B2) using the material (a2) as an electrode active material were the same as in example 1.
Example 3
Nb2O5Preparation of material (a 3):
nb in example 32O5The material (a3) was prepared differently: the solvent used was 90mL of deionized water and 10mL of ethylene glycol, and the other reaction steps and conditions were the same as in example 1.
Preparation of half-cell (B3):
from Nb2O5The procedure and conditions for preparing a half cell (B3) using the material (a3) as an electrode active material were the same as in example 1.
Example 4
Nb2O5Preparation of material (a 4):
nb in example 42O5The material (a4) was prepared differently: the niobium source is 0.005mol niobium pentachloride, the solvent is 90mL ethanol and 10mL deionized water, and other reaction steps and conditions and implementationsExample 1 is the same.
Preparation of half-cell (B4):
from Nb2O5The procedure and conditions for preparing a half cell (B4) using the material (a4) as an electrode active material were the same as in example 1.
Example 5
Nb2O5Preparation of material (a 5):
nb in example 52O5The material (a5) was prepared differently: the niobium source used was 0.05mol of niobium oxalate, and the other reaction steps and conditions were the same as in example 1.
Preparation of half-cell (B5):
from Nb2O5The procedure and conditions for preparing a half cell (B5) using the material (a5) as an electrode active material were the same as in example 1.
Example 6
Nb2O5Preparation of material (a 6):
nb in example 62O5The material (a6) was prepared differently: the temperature rise procedure of the microwave reactor is that the temperature in the reaction kettle is raised from room temperature to 180 ℃ for 50min, the reaction is carried out for 2h at constant temperature, and other reaction steps and conditions are the same as those in the example 1.
Preparation of half-cell (B6):
from Nb2O5The procedure and conditions for preparing a half cell (B6) using the material (a6) as an electrode active material were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
Nb2O5Preparation of material (a 7):
dissolving 0.005mol of niobium oxalate in 90mL of deionized water and 10mL of ethanol, adding 0.002g of Pluronic F127 and 0.002g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight of 40000), and stirring until the niobium oxalate is dissolved to obtain a uniform solution; transferring the solution to a reaction kettle, placing the reaction kettle in an oven, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle from room temperature to 180 ℃ after 30min, and reacting for 2h at constant temperature; cooling to room temperature, performing centrifugal separation to obtain a solid product, washing with deionized water for 2 times, washing with ethanol for 1 time, and drying in a vacuum oven at 90 ℃ for 12h to obtain a precursor; subjecting the obtained precursor toTransferring into corundum crucible, placing into muffle furnace, heating from room temperature to 1000 deg.C at a heating rate of 5 deg.C/min under air condition, performing constant temperature heat treatment for 8 hr, and cooling to room temperature to obtain Nb2O5A material (A7);
preparation of half-cell (B7):
from Nb2O5The procedure and conditions for preparing a half cell (B7) using the material (a7) as an electrode active material were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Nb2O5Preparation of material (A8):
nb in comparative example 22O5The material (A8) was prepared differently: the reaction was carried out in an oven at 180 ℃ for 12h, and the other reaction steps and conditions were the same as in comparative example 1.
Preparation of half-cell (B8):
from Nb2O5The procedure and conditions for preparing a half cell (B8) using the material (A8) as an electrode active material were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
Nb2O5Preparation of material (a 9):
nb in comparative example 32O5The material (a9) was prepared differently: the reaction was carried out in an oven at 180 ℃ for 24h, and the other reaction steps and conditions were the same as in comparative example 1.
Preparation of half-cell (B9):
from Nb2O5The procedure and conditions for preparing a half cell (B9) using the material (a9) as an electrode active material were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
Nb2O5Preparation of material (a 10):
nb in comparative example 42O5The material (a9) was prepared differently: the other reaction steps and conditions were the same as in example 1 without adding any surfactant.
Preparation of half-cell (B10):
from Nb2O5Step of preparing half cell (B10) with Material (A10) as electrode active MaterialThe procedure and conditions were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
Nb2O5Preparation of material (a 11):
nb in comparative example 52O5The material (a11) was prepared differently: the amount of niobium oxalate added was 0.0005mol, and the other reaction steps and conditions were the same as in example 1.
Preparation of half-cell (B11):
from Nb2O5The procedure and conditions for preparing a half cell (B11) using the material (a11) as an electrode active material were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
Nb2O5Preparation of material (a 12):
nb in comparative example 62O5The material (a12) was prepared differently: the amount of niobium oxalate added was 0.2mol, and the other reaction steps and conditions were the same as in example 1.
Preparation of half-cell (B12):
from Nb2O5The procedure and conditions for preparing a half cell (B12) using the material (a12) as an electrode active material were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 7 preparation of graphite half-cell (B13):
the graphite half-cell (B13) in comparative example 7 was prepared in a different manner: the electrode active material used was graphite, and the other steps and conditions were the same as in example 1.
Example 7 Nb2O5XRD phase characterization of materials (A1-A12)
Respectively to Nb2O5The materials (A1-A12) were phase-characterized as Nb2O5Material A1 is representative, and FIG. 1 is Nb2O5XRD test shows that Nb is obtained through reaction at 180 deg.c inside microwave reactor for 2 hr or reaction at 180 deg.c inside oven for 24 hr and calcination in 1000 deg.c air2O5The material is pure-phase Nb2O5A crystal; reacting in an oven at 180 ℃ for 6h or 12h at constant temperature, and calcining in 1000 ℃ air to obtain Nb2O5The material is NbO2And Nb2O5Mixing the phases;
example 8 Nb2O5SEM morphology characterization of materials (A1-A12)
Respectively to Nb2O5The materials (A1-A12) are subjected to morphology characterization and are Nb2O5Material A1 is representative, and FIG. 2 is Nb2O5SEM image of Material A1, SEM test showed that the amount of substance added with a surfactant and with a niobium source was 0.005mol or 0.05mol of Nb during the synthesis2O5The longest dimension of the material particles is 2-6 μm; no surfactant is added in the synthesis process, and the amount of the substance added with the niobium source exceeds the optional range or the Nb is obtained by reacting in an oven at the constant temperature of 180 ℃ for 2 hours2O5The material has no three-dimensional porous structure; wherein the amount of the niobium source added is 0.0005mol or Nb obtained by using a solvent having a large viscosity such as ethylene glycol2O5The particle size of material a11 was less than 1 μm.
Example 9 Nb2O5BET test of the materials (A1-A12)
Respectively to Nb2O5The BET test was performed on the materials (A1-A12) to obtain specific surface area data as shown in Table 1; surfactant-added Nb2O5The material has a porous structure and a large specific surface area; surfactants, niobium source materials, solvents and solvothermal methods can affect pore size.
TABLE 1 Nb2O5Specific surface area of Material (A1-A12)
Examples (1 to 6) samples A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
Specific surface area (m)2/g) 30.7 32.2 48.3 16.1 20.4 22.8
Comparative examples (1 to 6) A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12
Specific surface area (m)2/g) 6.7 10.6 18.2 5.0 23.4 4.6
Example 10 Nb2O5Tap Density test of materials (A1-A12)
Respectively to Nb2O5The materials (A1-A12) are compactedDegree testing to obtain tap density data as shown in Table 2, with the amount of niobium source added during synthesis being below the selectable range or with no surfactant or with Nb reacted in an oven2O5The material has a lower tap density.
TABLE 2 Nb2O5Tap Density of Material (A1-A12)
Examples (1 to 6) samples A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6
Tap density (g/cm)-3) 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.5
Comparative examples (1 to 6) A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12
Tap density (g/cm)-3) 1.6 1.8 2.5 2.3 1.2 2.4
EXAMPLE 11 Performance testing of half cells (B1-B13)
The rate capability tests of the half batteries B1-B13 respectively obtain the rate capability data of the half batteries B1-B12 and the volume specific capacity converted according to tap density shown in Table 3, and the rate capability tests show that the Nb prepared by microwave solvothermal preparation in the invention2O5The material has proper particle size and three-dimensional porous structure, and shows excellent rate performance; the graphite half cell (B13) cannot be charged and discharged at a rate of 20C; taking a half cell B1 as a typical representative, FIG. 3 is a charge-discharge curve of a half cell B1, FIG. 4 is a rate capability of a half cell B1, and as can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, micron-sized Nb with a three-dimensional porous structure2O5The material has high specific capacity of 250mAh/g and good high-rate charge and discharge performance.
TABLE 3 Performance of half-cells (B1-B12)
Figure BDA0002315589940000091
Figure BDA0002315589940000101
Although the present application has been described with reference to a few embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A niobium-based oxide material, characterized in that the niobium-based oxide material is Nb with a three-dimensional porous structure2O5
2. The niobium-based oxide material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said niobium-based oxide material has a size in the micrometer range.
3. The niobium-based oxide material according to claim 1, wherein a pore diameter of the niobium-based oxide material is 10 to 100 nm; the specific surface area is 15m2/g~50m2/g;
The size of the niobium-based oxide material is 2-6 mu m.
4. The method for producing a niobium-based oxide material as claimed in claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the method comprises at least the steps of:
and (2) reacting and calcining the mixture containing the niobium source and the surfactant under the condition of microwave heating to obtain the niobium-based oxide material.
5. The method for producing the niobium-based oxide material according to claim 4, wherein the niobium source is at least one selected from the group consisting of a niobium salt and a niobate salt;
the niobium salt comprises at least one of niobium pentachloride, niobium oxalate, lithium niobate and niobium ethoxide.
6. The method for producing the niobium-based oxide material according to claim 4,
the surfactant comprises at least one of pluronic, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and polyvinylpyrrolidone;
preferably, the addition amount of the surfactant is 1-20% of the amount of the substance of the niobium element;
preferably, the addition amount of the surfactant is 5-10% of the amount of the substance of the niobium element;
preferably, the reaction conditions are: the reaction time is 2-12 h; the reaction temperature is 140-200 ℃;
preferably, the power of the microwave is 600-1000W;
preferably, the mixture further comprises a solvent; the solvent comprises at least one of water, methanol, ethanol, glycol, benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid;
preferably, the solvent comprises at least one of water, ethanol, benzyl alcohol.
7. The method for producing the niobium-based oxide material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the calcination is carried out under the conditions: the calcining temperature is 900-1200 ℃; the calcining time is 4-12 h.
8. The method for producing the niobium-based oxide material according to claim 4, wherein the reaction employs a temperature programming;
the temperature programming is to heat the mixture to 80-120 ℃ from room temperature at a speed of 8-24 ℃/min, keep the temperature constant for 2-5 min, then continue to heat to 140-200 ℃ and react for 2-12 h.
9. A negative electrode material, characterized by comprising at least one of the niobium-based oxide material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the niobium-based oxide material produced by the method according to any one of claims 4 to 8.
10. A lithium ion battery comprising at least one of the niobium-based oxide material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the niobium-based oxide material produced by the method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, and the anode material according to claim 9.
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