CN112985278A - Method for measuring and calculating ash deposition thickness of high-temperature superheater of coal-fired power station boiler - Google Patents
Method for measuring and calculating ash deposition thickness of high-temperature superheater of coal-fired power station boiler Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for measuring and calculating deposition thickness of a high-temperature superheater of a coal-fired power station boiler, the method comprises the steps of collecting infrared images of the tube wall of the superheater through the combination of a thermal infrared imager, a red light semiconductor laser and a CCD receiver and measuring and calculating the deposition thickness of the tube wall of the superheater through light intensity data of a measured space of a hearth to which the superheater belongs through a computer according to the infrared images and the light intensity data, so that the deposition thickness of the superheater of the coal-fired power station boiler is monitored on line in real time, the actual temperatures of the tube wall of the superheater and the tube wall ash layer of the superheater are obtained through the infrared images and the light intensity data, and the deposition diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater is calculated based on a convection heat transfer principle, so that the deposition thickness is obtained according to the diameter of. Therefore, the influence of the temperature on the temperature measurement result is eliminated, and the measuring and calculating efficiency and accuracy are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of coal-fired boiler maintenance, in particular to a method for measuring and calculating the deposition thickness of a high-temperature superheater of a coal-fired power station boiler.
Background
The pipe explosion caused by the dust accumulation and slag bonding on the high-temperature heating surface of the coal-fired boiler is a common accident in the operation of the coal-fired boiler, and the safe and economic operation of the boiler is seriously influenced. Compared with the metal pipe wall material, the thermal resistance of the ash is larger, the heat transfer coefficient is reduced and the heat exchange quantity is reduced after the ash is deposited on the heating surface, so that the exhaust gas temperature is increased, and further, the boiler efficiency is reduced.
In field operation, in order to ensure the boiler load, the control is generally performed by increasing the fuel amount, but the increase of the fuel amount further aggravates the ash accumulation degree of the heating surface to form a vicious circle. In addition, the ash deposition on the heating surface can cause the flow area of the flue to be narrowed, and the flue can be blocked when the flow area is serious. Meanwhile, the ash deposition and slagging of the heating surface can also cause the surface temperature of the tube wall of the heating surface to be overhigh, so that the local overtemperature of the tube wall is caused, and the phenomenon is also one of the main factors causing tube explosion of the boiler.
Among the various technical measures for avoiding serious ash deposition, the ash deposition purging on the heating surface is an effective and generally adopted means. At present, large-scale power station pulverized coal boilers in China are all provided with soot blowers. The common soot blowers are mainly a sound wave soot blower, a steam soot blower, a gas pulse soot blower and the like. The control of the soot blower mainly takes timing soot blowing as a main control, however, the timing soot blowing has certain blindness, the over-frequency soot blowing easily causes pipe wall damage and wastes steam, and the over-low frequency soot blowing easily causes the over-thickness of a pipe wall soot layer. From the aspects of safety and economic benefit, the trend of technical development is to change the conventional periodic timing soot blowing into intelligent soot blowing according to the pollution condition of a heating surface. The development of the on-line monitoring technology for the soot deposition state of the heating surface of the power station boiler has strong engineering application, and the research on the soot and dirt conditions and the measurement and calculation of the soot deposition thickness are the basis for solving the problem.
In the last century, foreign experts and scholars have proposed that two devices, namely a cleaning heat flow meter and an ash-sewage heat flow meter, are respectively arranged at a heating surface of a hearth to serve as monitoring sensors, and then the degree of ash pollution on the heating surface by fly ash can be obtained by comparing feedback information of the cleaning heat flow meter and the ash-sewage heat flow meter, wherein the method for monitoring and judging the condition of the ash pollution on the heating surface by adopting the heat flow meters is called a heat flow meter method. Although the heat flow meter method is successful in experiments, the application in practical engineering is limited by the development level of materials, science and technology and the complexity of field operation, and the heat flow meter is inaccurate in measurement or damaged due to the high-temperature and high-ash environment in which the heat flow meter works, so that the heat flow meter method is difficult to popularize and apply in engineering practice.
The professor of Shenju court of Qinghua university and the like propose that MATLAB software is adopted to establish a fuzzy artificial neural network to carry out online monitoring on dust deposition on a convection heating surface at the tail part, however, a neural network method needs to carry out calculation and analysis on the basis of a large amount of historical data, the workload is huge in the early stage, the reliability of the data needs to be judged, and the detection method for the dust-dirt thermal resistance is only suitable for a tubular air preheater and cannot be applied to other heating surfaces.
The heat transfer coefficient of the heating surface is calculated in real time by utilizing the existing measuring point data inverse smoke flow in a unit DCS through a heat transfer method, and then compared with the heat transfer coefficient of the corresponding heating surface in an ideal state, the ratio is defined as a heating surface cleaning factor CF. The theory is that the dust and dirt condition of a heating surface is judged according to the size of CF, and the method for monitoring the convection heating surface cleaning factor based on the heat balance generally measures the smoke temperature, the corresponding steam-water side temperature and the like from an inlet of an economizer or an inlet of an air preheater, and calculates the heat balance of each heating surface section by section in a reverse smoke flow to calculate the smoke temperature of a hearth outlet. Except for the economizer, the other heating surfaces can show the obvious change of the cleaning factors of the heating surfaces before and after soot blowing. However, for the economizer, the heat transfer rate is high, the heat exchange amount change before and after soot blowing is only 3% -5% of the total heat exchange amount, the change amplitude is close to the heat fluctuation amplitude caused by unstable thermal parameters, the accumulated soot degree cannot be accurately judged, and a great error or even an error conclusion appears in practical application. The heat transfer performance of the heating surface is reduced by the dust deposition, so the dust deposition condition can be known through heat transfer calculation, but the influence factors of the heat transfer performance are on the flue gas side and the working medium side, the cleanliness factor CF has a plurality of parameters required by calculation, and a plurality of parameters can only be obtained by empirical values, so the judgment result has an unstable result. Although the method for calculating the thickness of the dust through the flow resistance is feasible, the dust deposition condition cannot be observed visually, and the dust deposition area cannot be judged.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method for measuring and calculating the deposition thickness of a high-temperature superheater of a coal-fired power station boiler, which is used for solving the technical problems that the deposition thickness of the superheater of the coal-fired power station boiler cannot be monitored on line, the measuring and calculating efficiency is low, and the measuring and calculating are inaccurate.
In view of the above, a first aspect of the present application provides a method for measuring and calculating soot deposition thickness of a high-temperature superheater of a coal-fired power plant boiler, which employs an image acquisition device, where the image acquisition device includes a thermal infrared imager, a red light semiconductor laser, a CCD signal receiver, and a computer, and both the thermal infrared imager and the CCD signal receiver are electrically connected to the computer;
the thermal infrared imager is used for collecting an infrared image of the tube wall of the superheater and then transmitting the infrared image to the computer;
the red light semiconductor laser and the CCD signal receiver are oppositely arranged, the red light semiconductor laser is used for transmitting light signals to the CCD signal receiver through a measured space of a hearth to which the superheater belongs, the CCD signal receiver is used for receiving the light signals, converting the light signals into electric signals, amplifying the electric signals, performing analog-to-digital conversion to obtain light intensity data, and transmitting the light intensity data to the computer;
the computer is used for measuring and calculating the deposition thickness of the tube wall of the superheater;
the step of measuring and calculating the accumulated ash thickness of the tube wall of the superheater specifically comprises the following steps:
s101: after the thermal infrared imager is subjected to black body calibration, obtaining the measured radiation intensity of the tube wall of the superheater according to the infrared image collected by the thermal infrared imager, and converting the infrared image into a two-dimensional radiation intensity image;
s102: obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the fly ash medium in the hearth according to the light intensity data;
s103: calculating the actual radiation intensity of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater according to the measured radiation intensity and the attenuation coefficient of the fly ash medium based on the Lambert-Beer law;
s104: determining the black body radiation intensity of a black body sample based on Planck's law, and respectively establishing two-dimensional temperature field distribution images of the ash-free layer pipe wall surface of the superheater and the pipe wall ash layer surface of the superheater according to a relational expression between the function relationship of the ash-free layer pipe wall sample and the ash layer sample of the superheater, which is obtained in advance, on the temperature and the actual radiation intensity, so as to respectively obtain the actual temperatures of the pipe wall of the superheater and the pipe wall ash layer of the superheater;
s105: calculating the accumulated dust diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater according to the actual temperatures of the tube wall of the superheater and the tube wall ash layer of the superheater based on the convection heat transfer principle;
s106: and calculating to obtain the deposition thickness according to the diameter of the tube wall without the ash layer of the superheater and the deposition diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater, which are obtained in advance.
Preferably, the operating waveband of the red semiconductor laser is 3.9 μm.
Preferably, the step S102 specifically includes:
s1021: assuming that the incident light intensity of the light signal of the red light semiconductor laser is I0And the emergent light intensity emitted to the CCD signal receiver is I, and the relationship between the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity is as follows:
I＝I0exp(-τL)
in the formula, tau is the turbidity of the space to be detected, and L is the transmission distance from the red light semiconductor laser to the CCD signal receiver, so that the turbidity tau of the space to be detected can be obtained;
s1022: calculating the attenuation coefficient of a coal ash medium of a pipe wall ash layer of the superheater according to the turbidity tau of the measured space and the transmission distance from the thermal infrared imager to the pipe wall of the superheater, wherein the calculation formula of the attenuation coefficient is as follows:
wherein C is the attenuation coefficient, L1For infrared thermal imaging systemTransport distance to the wall of the superheater tube.
Preferably, after step S103, step S104 includes:
s1031: within the preset temperature interval of the superheater, respectively acquiring infrared image data of black body samples, ashless pipe wall samples and ashy layer samples of the superheater at different preset temperatures through the thermal infrared imager, so as to respectively obtain the actual radiation intensity I of the black body samples at the corresponding different preset temperaturesbActual radiation intensity I of superheater ashless tube wall samplecorrected1And the actual radiation intensity I of the gray layer samplecorrected2Wherein the actual radiation intensity I of the blackbody samplebObtained by planck's law;
s1032: according to a calculation formula of radiation intensity of a non-blackbody, passing through the actual radiation intensity I of the blackbody samplebActual radiation intensity I of ashless layer wall sample of said superheatercorrected1And the actual radiation intensity I of the gray layer samplecorrected2Respectively calculating the exitance epsilon of the pipe wall sample without the ash layer of the superheater under different preset temperatures1And the exit ratio epsilon of the gray layer sample2；
S1033: according to the emittance epsilon of the ashless layer pipe wall sample of the superheater under different preset temperatures1And the exit ratio epsilon of the gray layer sample2Establishing the emittance epsilon of the ashless layer tube wall samples of the superheater respectively1As a function of temperature epsilon1(T) and the emission ratio ε of the gray layer samples2As a function of temperature epsilon2(T)。
Preferably, the step S104 specifically includes:
s1041: according to Planck's law, the blackbody radiation intensity of the blackbody sample is a functional relationship with respect to temperature and wavelength, specifically:
in the formula, C1Is a Planck first radiation constant, and lambda is the wavelength of the light of the detection black body; c2Is a Planck second radiation constant, and T is the blackbody surface temperature;
s1042: assuming that the function relation of the temperature and the wavelength of the blackbody sample is Ib(T), the function relation of the emittance of the ash layer sample or the ash layer sample without the ash layer of the superheater and the temperature is epsilon (T), and the actual radiation intensity of the ash layer of the tube wall of the superheater is IwCalculating the actual radiation intensity I of the tube wall ash layer of the superheaterwThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Iw＝ε(T)·Ib(T)；
s1043: according to Planck' S law, the actual radiation intensity I of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater in the step S1042wThe calculation formula of (a) is converted into:
in which ε (T) is ∈1(T) or ε2(T)，C1Is a Planck first radiation constant, and lambda is the wavelength of the light of the detection black body; c2Is the Planck second radiation constant; t iswIs the actual temperature of the superheater tube wall or the superheater tube wall ash layer;
s1044: according to the relation between the radiation intensity and the emission rate, the pre-selected measured radiation intensity of the ashless pipe wall of the superheater is brought into the emission rate epsilon of the ashless pipe wall sample of the superheater1As a function of temperature epsilon1(T), and according to the actual radiation intensity I of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater in the step S1043wThe calculation formula (2) converts the two-dimensional radiation intensity image of the tube wall of the superheater into a two-dimensional temperature field distribution image so as to obtain the actual temperature of the tube wall of the superheater;
s1045: according to the relation between the radiation intensity and the exitance, the measured radiation intensity of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater, which is obtained through preselection, is taken into the exitance epsilon of the ash layer sample2As a function of temperature epsilon2(T), and according to the actual radiation intensity I of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater in the step S1043wThe calculation formula (2) converts the two-dimensional radiation intensity image of the tube wall of the superheater into a two-dimensional temperature field distribution image, thereby obtaining the actual temperature of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater.
Preferably, the step S105 specifically includes:
s1051: the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the outside of the tube wall is assumed to be phi1The heat flow outside the tube wall of the superheater and inside the tube wall is phi2The measured temperature in the tube wall of the superheater is TgThe heat transfer length of the tube wall of the superheater is l, the heat transfer coefficient of the tube wall surface of the superheater is h, and the actual temperature of the tube wall of the superheater is TfThe actual temperature of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater is TaThe inner diameter of the tube wall of the superheater is d1The diameter of the ash-free tube wall of the superheater is d2The dust deposition diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater is d3The heat conductivity coefficient of the tube wall of the superheater is lambda1The heat conductivity coefficient of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater is lambda2And obtaining a relation between the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the outside of the tube wall and the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the inside of the tube wall through a convection heat transfer principle, wherein the relation is as follows:
Φ1＝πd3lh(Tg-Ta)
Φ1＝Φ2
s1052: calculating the dust deposition diameter d of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater by a relational expression of the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the outside of the tube wall and the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the inside of the tube wall according to the convection heat transfer principle3。
Preferably, the step S106 specifically includes:
according toCalculating the formula d ═ d3-d2) The ash deposition thickness is calculated, wherein d is the ash deposition thickness, d2For the pre-obtained diameter of the tube wall of the superheater, d3Is the dust deposition diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater.
According to the technical scheme, the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
the application provides a method for measuring and calculating deposition thickness of a high-temperature superheater of a coal-fired power station boiler, the method comprises the steps of collecting infrared images of the tube wall of the superheater through the combination of a thermal infrared imager, a red light semiconductor laser and a CCD receiver and measuring and calculating the deposition thickness of the tube wall of the superheater through light intensity data of a measured space of a hearth to which the superheater belongs through a computer according to the infrared images and the light intensity data, so that the deposition thickness of the superheater of the coal-fired power station boiler is monitored on line in real time, the actual temperatures of the tube wall of the superheater and the tube wall ash layer of the superheater are obtained through the infrared images and the light intensity data, and the deposition diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater is calculated based on a convection heat transfer principle, so that the deposition thickness is obtained according to the diameter of. Therefore, the influence of the temperature on the temperature measurement result is eliminated, and the measuring and calculating efficiency and accuracy are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an image acquisition device in a method for measuring and calculating ash deposition thickness of a high-temperature superheater of a coal-fired power plant boiler according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for measuring and calculating ash deposition thickness of a high-temperature superheater of a coal-fired power plant boiler according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a tube wall structure of a superheater in a method for measuring and calculating ash deposition thickness of a high-temperature superheater of a coal-fired power plant boiler according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The invention provides a method for measuring and calculating the deposition thickness of a high-temperature superheater of a coal-fired power station boiler, which is characterized in that an image acquisition device is applied, as shown in figure 1, the image acquisition device comprises a thermal infrared imager 1, a red light semiconductor laser 2, a CCD signal receiver 3 and a computer 4, and the thermal infrared imager 1 and the CCD signal receiver 3 are both electrically connected with the computer 4;
it should be noted that, in the structure of the coal-fired power plant boiler, the superheater is arranged in the furnace, the thermal infrared imager 1 of the embodiment is installed on the side wall of the furnace and is arranged opposite to the detected region of the tube wall of the superheater, and the red light semiconductor laser 2 and the CCD signal receiver 3 are respectively arranged on the two side walls of the furnace and are arranged opposite to each other.
The thermal infrared imager 1 is used for collecting an infrared image of the tube wall of the superheater and then transmitting the infrared image to the computer 4;
the red light semiconductor laser 2 and the CCD signal receiver 3 are oppositely arranged, the red light semiconductor laser 2 is used for emitting light signals to the CCD signal receiver 3 through a detected space of a hearth to which the superheater belongs, the CCD signal receiver 3 is used for receiving the light signals, converting the light signals into electric signals, amplifying the electric signals, performing analog-to-digital conversion to obtain light intensity data, and transmitting the light intensity data to the computer 4;
it should be noted that the operating bands of the red light semiconductor laser 2 and the thermal infrared imager 1 are both 3.9 μm, and an amplifying circuit and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit are further connected between the CCD signal receiver 3 and the computer 4 for respectively amplifying and analog-to-digital converting the optical signals.
Meanwhile, the measured space of the furnace chamber to which the superheater belongs is the space where the tube wall of the superheater is located, and during the operation of the boiler, fly ash media can be generated in the space where the tube wall of the superheater is located, so that the attenuation of optical signals is caused.
The computer 4 is used for measuring and calculating the deposition thickness of the tube wall of the superheater.
For convenience of understanding, referring to fig. 2, the step of calculating the deposition thickness of the tube wall of the superheater according to the invention by using a computer specifically includes:
s101: after the thermal infrared imager is subjected to black body calibration, the measured radiation intensity of the tube wall of the superheater is obtained according to the infrared image collected by the thermal infrared imager, and therefore the infrared image is converted into a two-dimensional radiation intensity image;
it should be noted that, in order to accurately obtain the two-dimensional radiation intensity image, the temperature of each position on the wall surface of the superheater can be measured by the thermocouple, so that the two-dimensional radiation intensity image can be obtained according to the temperature distribution and the measured radiation intensity.
S102: obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the fly ash medium in the hearth according to the light intensity data;
it should be noted that when the light intensity of one beam is I0When monochromatic parallel light with the wavelength of lambda passes through a space containing a uniform fly ash medium, the emergent light intensity can be attenuated to a certain degree due to the scattering and absorption effects of the fly ash medium on incident light.
Step S102 in this embodiment specifically is:
s1021: assuming that the incident light intensity of the optical signal of the red semiconductor laser is I0And the emergent light intensity emitted to the CCD signal receiver is I, and the relationship between the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity is as follows:
I＝I0exp(-τL)
in the formula, tau is the turbidity of the space to be detected, and L is the transmission distance from the red light semiconductor laser to the CCD signal receiver, so that the turbidity tau of the space to be detected can be obtained;
in the present embodiment, the transmission distance L from the red semiconductor laser to the CCD signal receiver is approximately equal to the inner diameter of the furnace chamber.
S1022: calculating the attenuation coefficient of the coal ash medium of the ash layer on the tube wall of the superheater according to the turbidity tau of the measured space and the transmission distance from the thermal infrared imager to the tube wall of the superheater, wherein the calculation formula of the attenuation coefficient is as follows:
wherein C is the attenuation coefficient, L1The transmission distance from the thermal infrared imager to the tube wall of the superheater.
S103: based on Lambert-Beer law, calculating the actual radiation intensity of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater according to the measured radiation intensity and the attenuation coefficient of the fly ash medium;
it should be noted that the relationship between the measured radiation intensity and the attenuation coefficient of the fly ash medium is:
in the formula IwIs the actual radiation intensity of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater IrecievedFor determining the radiation intensity, the actual radiation intensity of the tube wall ash layer regarded as superheater is passed through L1Intensity of radiation after distance attenuation.
S104: determining the black body radiation intensity of a black body sample based on Planck's law, and respectively establishing two-dimensional temperature field distribution images of the ash layer-free pipe wall surface of the superheater and the pipe wall ash layer surface of the superheater according to a relational expression between the function relationship of the temperature-free pipe wall sample and the ash layer sample of the superheater, which is obtained in advance, and the actual radiation intensity, so as to respectively obtain the actual temperatures of the pipe wall of the superheater and the pipe wall ash layer of the superheater;
s105: calculating the accumulated dust diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater according to the actual temperature of the tube wall of the superheater and the actual temperature of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater on the basis of a convection heat transfer principle;
specifically, step S105 includes:
s1051: the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the outside of the tube wall is assumed to be phi1The heat flow outside the tube wall of the superheater and inside the tube wall is phi2The measured temperature in the wall of the superheater is TgThe heat transfer length of the tube wall of the superheater is l, the heat transfer coefficient of the tube wall surface of the superheater is h, and the actual temperature of the tube wall of the superheater is TfThe actual temperature of the pipe wall ash layer of the superheater is TaThe inner diameter of the wall of the superheater is d1The diameter of the ash-free tube wall of the superheater is d2The dust deposition diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater is d3The heat conductivity coefficient of the wall of the superheater is lambda1The heat conductivity coefficient of the pipe wall ash layer of the superheater is lambda2And obtaining the relationship between the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the outside of the tube wall and the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the inside of the tube wall through a convection heat transfer principle, wherein the relationship is as follows:
Φ1＝πd3lh(Tg-Ta)
Φ1＝Φ2
s1052: the dust deposition diameter d of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater is calculated by a relational expression of the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the outside of the tube wall and the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the inside of the tube wall according to the convection heat transfer principle3。
In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, d1The internal diameter of the tube wall of the superheater, which can be obtained in advance, d2Which is the outer diameter of the tube wall of the superheater (excluding the ash layer), d3 is the dust deposition diameter of the ash layer (including the ash layer) of the tube wall of the superheater.
S106: and calculating to obtain the deposition thickness according to the diameter of the tube wall without the ash layer of the superheater and the deposition diameter of the ash layer of the tube wall of the superheater, which are obtained in advance.
When the soot is approximately considered to be evenly spread on the wall of the superheater, d is (d) according to the calculation formula3-d2) The thickness of the deposited ash is calculated, wherein d is the thickness of the deposited ash, d2Diameter of the tube wall of the superheater to be obtained beforehand, d3Is the dust deposition diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater.
In the embodiment, the infrared thermal imager, the red light semiconductor laser and the CCD receiver are combined to acquire the infrared image of the tube wall of the superheater and the light intensity data of the detected space of the hearth to which the superheater belongs, the computer is used for measuring and calculating the deposition thickness of the tube wall of the superheater according to the infrared image and the light intensity data, so that the real-time online monitoring of the deposition thickness of the superheater of the coal-fired power station boiler is realized, the actual temperatures of the tube wall of the superheater and the tube wall ash layer of the superheater are obtained through the infrared image and the light intensity data, and the deposition diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater is calculated based on the convection heat transfer principle, so that the deposition thickness is obtained according to the diameter of the tube wall of the superheater without. Therefore, the influence of the temperature on the temperature measurement result is eliminated, and the measuring and calculating efficiency and accuracy are improved.
The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the method for measuring and calculating the ash deposition thickness of the high-temperature superheater of the coal-fired power plant boiler, and the following is a detailed description of another embodiment of the method for measuring and calculating the ash deposition thickness of the high-temperature superheater of the coal-fired power plant boiler.
The image acquisition device applied in this embodiment is the same as the above embodiment, and the step of measuring and calculating the deposition thickness of the tube wall of the superheater by the computer specifically includes:
s201: after the thermal infrared imager is subjected to black body calibration, the measured radiation intensity of the tube wall of the superheater is obtained according to the infrared image collected by the thermal infrared imager, and therefore the infrared image is converted into a two-dimensional radiation intensity image;
it should be noted that step S201 is the same as step S101 of the above embodiment, and is not described herein again.
S202: obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the fly ash medium in the hearth according to the light intensity data;
it should be noted that step S202 is the same as step S102 of the above embodiment, and is not repeated herein.
S203: based on Lambert-Beer law, calculating the actual radiation intensity of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater according to the measured radiation intensity and the attenuation coefficient of the fly ash medium;
it should be noted that step S203 is the same as step S103 of the above embodiment, and is not described herein again.
S204: in the overheatingWithin a preset temperature interval of the device, infrared image data of black body samples, ash layer-free pipe wall samples and ash layer samples of the superheater at different preset temperatures are respectively collected through an infrared thermal imager, so that actual radiation intensities I of the black body samples at the corresponding different preset temperatures are respectively obtainedbActual radiation intensity I of superheater ashless tube wall samplecorrected1And the actual radiation intensity I of the gray layer samplecorrected2Wherein the actual radiation intensity I of the blackbody samplebObtained by planck's law;
it should be noted that, according to Planck's law, the actual radiation intensity I of the blackbody samplebThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula, C1Is a Planck first radiation constant, and lambda is the wavelength of the light of the detection black body; c2T is the black body surface temperature, which is the planck second radiation constant, and can be obtained by installing a thermocouple on the black body surface.
And the actual radiation intensity I for the superheater ashless tube wall samplecorrected1And the actual radiation intensity I of the gray layer samplecorrected2The calculation can be carried out according to the steps S201 to 203.
S205: according to a calculation formula of radiation intensity of a non-blackbody, the actual radiation intensity I passing through a blackbody samplebActual radiation intensity I of superheater ashless tube wall samplecorrected1And the actual radiation intensity I of the gray layer samplecorrected2Respectively calculating the exitance epsilon of the pipe wall sample without the ash layer of the superheater under different preset temperatures1And the exit ratio ε of the gray layer sample2；
It should be noted that, since a non-blackbody has the properties of absorbing, reflecting and scattering infrared radiation, and its emissivity is not 1, the calculation formula of the radiation intensity of the non-blackbody is:
Icorrected＝εIb
in the formula IcorrectedActual radiation intensity I of ashless tube wall sample for superheatercorrected1Or the actual radiation intensity I of the gray layer samplecorrected2Calculating the emergence rate epsilon of the pipe wall sample without the ash layer of the superheater at different preset temperatures according to the formula1And the exit ratio ε of the gray layer sample2。
S206: according to the emittance epsilon of the pipe wall sample without the ash layer of the superheater under different preset temperatures1And the exit ratio ε of the gray layer sample2Establishing the emission ratios epsilon of the superheater ashless tube wall samples respectively1As a function of temperature epsilon1(T) and the emission ratio ε of the gray layer samples2As a function of temperature epsilon2(T)。
S207: according to planck's law, the blackbody radiation intensity of a blackbody sample is a function relation related to temperature and wavelength, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the formula, C1Is a Planck first radiation constant, and lambda is the wavelength of the light of the detection black body; c2Is a Planck second radiation constant, and T is the blackbody surface temperature;
s208: assuming that the temperature and wavelength of the blackbody sample are related as a function of Ib(T), the function relation of the emittance of the ash layer sample or the ash layer sample without the ash layer of the superheater and the temperature is epsilon (T), and the actual radiation intensity of the ash layer of the tube wall of the superheater is IwCalculating the actual radiation intensity I of the tube wall ash layer of the superheaterwThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Iw＝ε(T)·Ib(T)；
s209: according to Planck' S law, the actual radiation intensity I of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater in step S208 is determinedwThe calculation formula of (a) is converted into:
in which ε (T) is ∈1(T) or ε2(T)，C1Is a Planck first radiation constant, and lambda is the wavelength of the light of the detection black body; c2Is the Planck second radiation constant; t iswIs the actual temperature of the superheater tube wall or the superheater tube wall ash layer;
s210: according to the relation between the radiation intensity and the emission rate, the pre-selected and obtained measured radiation intensity of the ashless pipe wall of the superheater is brought into the emission rate epsilon of the ashless pipe wall sample of the superheater1As a function of temperature epsilon1(T), the actual radiation intensity I of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater in step S209 is used againwThe calculation formula (2) converts the two-dimensional radiation intensity image of the tube wall of the superheater into a two-dimensional temperature field distribution image so as to obtain the actual temperature of the tube wall of the superheater;
s211: according to the relation between the radiation intensity and the exitance, the measured radiation intensity of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater obtained by preselection is brought into the exitance epsilon of the ash layer sample2As a function of temperature epsilon2(T), the actual radiation intensity I of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater in step S209 is used againwThe calculation formula (2) converts the two-dimensional radiation intensity image of the tube wall of the superheater into a two-dimensional temperature field distribution image so as to obtain the actual temperature of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater;
it should be noted that, when the tube wall of the superheater is adhered with the ash layer, the surface temperature of the tube wall of the superheater is higher than the temperature of the tube wall of the ash-free layer, and during normal operation, the temperature of the tube wall of the superheater can be regarded as a stable value, that is, in the radiation intensity image detected by the thermal infrared imager, the pixel point smaller than the predetermined radiation intensity threshold value is the measured radiation intensity of the ash-free layer tube wall of the superheater, and the pixel point larger than the predetermined radiation intensity threshold value is the measured radiation intensity of the ash layer of the tube wall of the superheater, where the predetermined radiation intensity threshold value is set according to the.
S212: calculating the accumulated dust diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater according to the actual temperature of the tube wall of the superheater and the actual temperature of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater on the basis of a convection heat transfer principle;
it should be noted that step S212 is the same as step S105 in the above embodiment, and is not repeated herein.
S213: and calculating to obtain the deposition thickness according to the diameter of the tube wall without the ash layer of the superheater and the deposition diameter of the ash layer of the tube wall of the superheater, which are obtained in advance.
It should be noted that step S213 is the same as step S106 in the above embodiment, and is not described herein again.
In the embodiment, the infrared thermal imager, the red light semiconductor laser and the CCD receiver are combined to acquire the infrared image of the tube wall of the superheater and the light intensity data of the detected space of the hearth to which the superheater belongs, the computer is used for measuring and calculating the deposition thickness of the tube wall of the superheater according to the infrared image and the light intensity data, so that the real-time online monitoring of the deposition thickness of the superheater of the coal-fired power station boiler is realized, the actual temperatures of the tube wall of the superheater and the tube wall ash layer of the superheater are obtained through the infrared image and the light intensity data, and the deposition diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater is calculated based on the convection heat transfer principle, so that the deposition thickness is obtained according to the diameter of the tube wall of the superheater without. Therefore, the influence of the temperature on the temperature measurement result is eliminated, and the measuring and calculating efficiency and accuracy are improved.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring and calculating the deposition thickness of a high-temperature superheater of a coal-fired power station boiler is characterized by applying an image acquisition device, wherein the image acquisition device comprises a thermal infrared imager, a red light semiconductor laser, a CCD signal receiver and a computer, and the thermal infrared imager and the CCD signal receiver are electrically connected with the computer;
the thermal infrared imager is used for collecting an infrared image of the tube wall of the superheater and then transmitting the infrared image to the computer;
the red light semiconductor laser and the CCD signal receiver are oppositely arranged, the red light semiconductor laser is used for transmitting light signals to the CCD signal receiver through a measured space of a hearth to which the superheater belongs, the CCD signal receiver is used for receiving the light signals, converting the light signals into electric signals, amplifying the electric signals, performing analog-to-digital conversion to obtain light intensity data, and transmitting the light intensity data to the computer;
the computer is used for measuring and calculating the deposition thickness of the tube wall of the superheater;
the method is characterized in that the step of measuring and calculating the accumulated ash thickness of the tube wall of the superheater specifically comprises the following steps:
s101: after the thermal infrared imager is subjected to black body calibration, obtaining the measured radiation intensity of the tube wall of the superheater according to the infrared image collected by the thermal infrared imager, and converting the infrared image into a two-dimensional radiation intensity image;
s102: obtaining the attenuation coefficient of the fly ash medium in the hearth according to the light intensity data;
s103: calculating the actual radiation intensity of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater according to the measured radiation intensity and the attenuation coefficient of the fly ash medium based on the Lambert-Beer law;
s104: determining the black body radiation intensity of a black body sample based on Planck's law, and respectively establishing two-dimensional temperature field distribution images of the ash-free layer pipe wall surface of the superheater and the pipe wall ash layer surface of the superheater according to a relational expression between the function relationship of the ash-free layer pipe wall sample and the ash layer sample of the superheater, which is obtained in advance, on the temperature and the actual radiation intensity, so as to respectively obtain the actual temperatures of the pipe wall of the superheater and the pipe wall ash layer of the superheater;
s105: calculating the accumulated dust diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater according to the actual temperatures of the tube wall of the superheater and the tube wall ash layer of the superheater based on the convection heat transfer principle;
s106: and calculating to obtain the deposition thickness according to the diameter of the tube wall without the ash layer of the superheater and the deposition diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater, which are obtained in advance.
2. The method for measuring and calculating the ash deposition thickness of the high-temperature superheater of the coal-fired power plant boiler according to claim 1, wherein the operating waveband of the red light semiconductor laser is 3.9 μm.
3. The method for measuring and calculating the ash deposition thickness of the high-temperature superheater of the coal-fired utility boiler according to claim 1, wherein the step S102 specifically comprises the following steps:
s1021: assuming that the incident light intensity of the light signal of the red light semiconductor laser is I0And the emergent light intensity emitted to the CCD signal receiver is I, and the relationship between the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity is as follows:
I＝I0exp(-τL)
in the formula, tau is the turbidity of the space to be detected, and L is the transmission distance from the red light semiconductor laser to the CCD signal receiver, so that the turbidity tau of the space to be detected can be obtained;
s1022: calculating the attenuation coefficient of a coal ash medium of a pipe wall ash layer of the superheater according to the turbidity tau of the measured space and the transmission distance from the thermal infrared imager to the pipe wall of the superheater, wherein the calculation formula of the attenuation coefficient is as follows:
wherein C is the attenuation coefficient, L1The transmission distance from the thermal infrared imager to the tube wall of the superheater.
4. The method for measuring and calculating the ash deposition thickness of the high-temperature superheater of the coal-fired utility boiler according to claim 1, wherein after the step S103 and before the step S104, the method comprises the following steps:
s1031: within a preset temperature interval of the superheater, byThe thermal infrared imager respectively collects infrared image data of black body samples, ash layer-free pipe wall samples and ash layer samples of the superheater at different preset temperatures, so that actual radiation intensities I of the black body samples at the corresponding different preset temperatures are respectively obtainedbActual radiation intensity I of superheater ashless tube wall samplecorrected1And the actual radiation intensity I of the gray layer samplecorrected2Wherein the actual radiation intensity I of the blackbody samplebObtained by planck's law;
s1032: according to a calculation formula of radiation intensity of a non-blackbody, passing through the actual radiation intensity I of the blackbody samplebActual radiation intensity I of ashless layer wall sample of said superheatercorrected1And the actual radiation intensity I of the gray layer samplecorrected2Respectively calculating the exitance epsilon of the pipe wall sample without the ash layer of the superheater under different preset temperatures1And the exit ratio epsilon of the gray layer sample2；
S1033: according to the emittance epsilon of the ashless layer pipe wall sample of the superheater under different preset temperatures1And the exit ratio epsilon of the gray layer sample2Establishing the emittance epsilon of the ashless layer tube wall samples of the superheater respectively1As a function of temperature epsilon1(T) and the emission ratio ε of the gray layer samples2As a function of temperature epsilon2(T)。
5. The method for measuring and calculating the ash deposition thickness of the high-temperature superheater of the coal-fired utility boiler according to claim 4, wherein the step S104 specifically comprises the following steps:
s1041: according to Planck's law, the blackbody radiation intensity of the blackbody sample is a functional relationship with respect to temperature and wavelength, specifically:
in the formula, C1Is a Planck first radiation constant, and lambda is the wavelength of the light of the detection black body; c2Is a Planck second radiation constant, and T is the blackbody surface temperature;
s1042: assuming that the function relation of the temperature and the wavelength of the blackbody sample is Ib(T), the function relation of the emittance of the ash layer sample or the ash layer sample without the ash layer of the superheater and the temperature is epsilon (T), and the actual radiation intensity of the ash layer of the tube wall of the superheater is IwCalculating the actual radiation intensity I of the tube wall ash layer of the superheaterwThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Iw＝ε(T)·Ib(T)；
s1043: according to Planck' S law, the actual radiation intensity I of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater in the step S1042wThe calculation formula of (a) is converted into:
in which ε (T) is ∈1(T) or ε2(T)，C1Is a Planck first radiation constant, and lambda is the wavelength of the light of the detection black body; c2Is the Planck second radiation constant; t iswIs the actual temperature of the superheater tube wall or the superheater tube wall ash layer;
s1044: according to the relation between the radiation intensity and the emission rate, the pre-selected measured radiation intensity of the ashless pipe wall of the superheater is brought into the emission rate epsilon of the ashless pipe wall sample of the superheater1As a function of temperature epsilon1(T), and according to the actual radiation intensity I of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater in the step S1043wThe calculation formula (2) converts the two-dimensional radiation intensity image of the tube wall of the superheater into a two-dimensional temperature field distribution image so as to obtain the actual temperature of the tube wall of the superheater;
s1045: according to the relation between the radiation intensity and the exitance, the measured radiation intensity of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater, which is obtained through preselection, is taken into the exitance epsilon of the ash layer sample2As a function of temperature epsilon2(T) again according to the superheater tube wall ash in step S1043Actual radiation intensity of the layer IwThe calculation formula (2) converts the two-dimensional radiation intensity image of the tube wall of the superheater into a two-dimensional temperature field distribution image, thereby obtaining the actual temperature of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater.
6. The method for measuring and calculating the ash deposition thickness of the high-temperature superheater of the coal-fired utility boiler according to claim 5, wherein the step S105 specifically comprises the following steps:
s1051: the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the outside of the tube wall is assumed to be phi1The heat flow outside the tube wall of the superheater and inside the tube wall is phi2The measured temperature in the tube wall of the superheater is TgThe heat transfer length of the tube wall of the superheater is l, the heat transfer coefficient of the tube wall surface of the superheater is h, and the actual temperature of the tube wall of the superheater is TfThe actual temperature of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater is TaThe inner diameter of the tube wall of the superheater is d1The diameter of the ash-free tube wall of the superheater is d2The dust deposition diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater is d3The heat conductivity coefficient of the tube wall of the superheater is lambda1The heat conductivity coefficient of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater is lambda2And obtaining a relation between the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the outside of the tube wall and the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the inside of the tube wall through a convection heat transfer principle, wherein the relation is as follows:
Φ1＝πd3lh(Tg-Ta)
Φ1＝Φ2
s1052: calculating the dust deposition diameter d of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater by a relational expression of the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the outside of the tube wall and the heat flow of the working medium in the tube wall of the superheater to the inside of the tube wall according to the convection heat transfer principle3。
7. The method for measuring and calculating the ash deposition thickness of the high-temperature superheater of the coal-fired utility boiler according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the step S106 specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the calculation formula d ═ d (d)3-d2) The ash deposition thickness is calculated, wherein d is the ash deposition thickness, d2For the pre-obtained diameter of the tube wall of the superheater, d3Is the dust deposition diameter of the tube wall ash layer of the superheater.
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