CN112983967B - Intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission and application - Google Patents

Intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112983967B
CN112983967B CN202110456677.6A CN202110456677A CN112983967B CN 112983967 B CN112983967 B CN 112983967B CN 202110456677 A CN202110456677 A CN 202110456677A CN 112983967 B CN112983967 B CN 112983967B
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intelligent
wireless transmission
piezoelectric ceramic
ceramic sensor
module
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CN112983967A (en
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龙有为
熊海贝
陈琳
孔庆钊
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B43/00Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B31/00Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
    • F16B31/02Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load
    • F16B31/028Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load with a load-indicating washer or washer assembly
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/24Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission and application, the intelligent gasket comprises: the device comprises a base and a protective cover, wherein a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, a signal control and processing module, a wireless transmission module and a power supply module are arranged in the base; the piezoelectric ceramic sensor, the signal control and processing module and the wireless transmission module are sequentially connected, and the power supply module is respectively connected with the piezoelectric ceramic sensor, the signal control and processing module and the wireless transmission module; the protective cover is connected to the base; the intelligent gasket is used for monitoring the pre-tightening force time sequence loss of the bolt provided with the intelligent gasket, and loosening identification is carried out on the bolt based on the pre-tightening force time sequence loss; and the device is also used for monitoring the damage time sequence evolution of the bolts and/or the components for installing the intelligent gaskets in pairs and carrying out damage identification on the bolts and/or the components based on the damage time sequence evolution. The invention can monitor the whole process of bolt connection looseness and component damage, and wirelessly transmit signals to the terminal for analysis and early warning.

Description

Intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of structural health monitoring, in particular to an intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission and application thereof.
Background
The bolt connection is used as a general connection mode and is widely applied to various engineering fields such as construction, rail transit, wind power, automobiles and the like. The removability of the bolt brings a lot of convenience in construction, but at the same time, the loosening and falling probability of the bolt is increased. The bolts can loosen or fail to different degrees under the impact of cyclic load and forced vibration, and the loosening or failure of the bolts can cause serious consequences and serious property loss. In order to avoid safety accidents caused by loosened or failed bolts, monitoring and maintaining the health state of the bolts is very necessary.
The piezoelectric material has a piezoelectric effect. The principle of the piezoelectric effect is that if pressure is applied to the piezoelectric material, it generates a potential difference, known as the positive piezoelectric effect. Conversely, application of a voltage produces a mechanical stress, known as the inverse piezoelectric effect. The piezoelectric material can generate an electric field due to mechanical deformation, and can also generate mechanical deformation due to the action of the electric field, and the inherent electromechanical coupling effect attribute enables the piezoelectric material to be widely applied to the field of structural health monitoring.
The existing intelligent gaskets cannot work independently, huge testing equipment is required to be connected by wires for monitoring, and therefore long-term real-time monitoring cannot be carried out on the bolts which are installed on the structure. For structures or parts inconvenient for manual monitoring, and simultaneously, for reducing huge cost and uncertainty caused by manual periodic monitoring, it is especially necessary to provide a wireless transmission device capable of automatically monitoring bolt loosening in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission and application thereof, which are used for solving the technical problems in the prior art, and can monitor the whole process of bolt connection looseness and member damage and wirelessly transmit signals to a terminal for analysis and early warning.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides an intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission, which comprises: the base is of a hollow structure, and a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, a signal control and processing module, a wireless transmission module and a power supply module are arranged in the base; the piezoelectric ceramic sensor, the signal control and processing module and the wireless transmission module are connected in sequence, and the power supply module is respectively connected with the piezoelectric ceramic sensor, the signal control and processing module and the wireless transmission module; the protective cover is connected to the base;
the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is used for generating an impedance signal;
the signal control and processing module is used for transmitting an excitation signal to the piezoelectric ceramic sensor and processing an impedance signal generated by the piezoelectric ceramic sensor;
The wireless transmission module is used for transmitting the processed impedance signal to a terminal;
The power supply module is used for providing power for the signal control and processing module and the wireless transmission module, and is also used for carrying out alternating current conversion processing on the provided power based on the excitation signal emitted by the signal control and processing module and sending the power to the piezoelectric ceramic sensor.
Preferably, the base comprises a first base body and a second base body, the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is arranged in the first base body, the signal control and processing module, the wireless transmission module and the power supply module are arranged in the second base body, and the first base body and the second base body are communicated.
Preferably, the protective cover is embedded in the base, a window is arranged on the protective cover, the position of the window corresponds to that of the second base, and a cover layer capable of being freely opened and closed is arranged on the window.
Preferably, the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is in a ring shape, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensor is encapsulated in an epoxy resin protection layer.
Preferably, the wireless transmission module adopts a Zig-Bee wireless transmission module.
Preferably, the power supply module comprises a battery and an inverter; the inverter is respectively connected with the signal control and processing module and the piezoelectric ceramic sensor; the battery is respectively connected with the signal control and processing module and the wireless transmission module.
The invention also provides an application of the intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission, wherein the intelligent gasket is used for monitoring the pre-tightening force time sequence loss of the bolt provided with the intelligent gasket and carrying out loosening identification on the bolt based on the pre-tightening force time sequence loss; the intelligent gasket is also used for monitoring the damage time sequence evolution of the components for installing the intelligent gasket in pairs, and carrying out damage identification on the components based on the damage time sequence evolution.
Preferably, the intelligent gaskets are used singly, and the pre-tightening force time sequence loss of bolts on which the intelligent gaskets are installed is monitored by adopting an electromechanical impedance method.
Preferably, the method for acquiring the pretightening force time sequence loss comprises the following steps:
And providing excitation signals for the piezoelectric ceramic sensor through the signal control and processing module to obtain the coupling electric admittance of the single-degree-of-freedom spring-mass-damping system driven by the intelligent gasket, obtaining impedance signals through the electric admittance, obtaining the pre-tightening force time sequence loss of the bolt through the change of the values of the impedance signals, and completing the monitoring of the loosening degree of the bolt.
Preferably, the intelligent gaskets are used in pairs, and comprise a first intelligent gasket and a second intelligent gasket; the first intelligent gasket is used as a driver, an excitation electric signal is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic sensor through a signal control and processing module of the first intelligent gasket, and stress waves are generated through the piezoelectric ceramic sensor; and the second intelligent gasket is used as a sensor, and after receiving the stress transmitted by the first intelligent gasket, the piezoelectric ceramic sensor of the second intelligent gasket is used for collecting an electric signal, and the damage identification is carried out on the component through the change of the electric signal.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
(1) The invention provides an intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission, which adopts a piezoelectric ceramic material as a sensing material, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic material has a positive and reverse piezoelectric effect which is convenient to measure, and is low in price and easy to process and produce; meanwhile, the piezoelectric ceramic material adopted by the invention is annular, is uniformly distributed by the bolt pressure, and is more sensitive to the positive and negative piezoelectric effect generated by loosening the bolt; the wireless transmission module is arranged to transmit data to the terminal, so that the intelligent gasket is small in size and easy to install, and can be used for monitoring the pretightening force of the bolt in use;
(2) The invention can carry out multipoint distribution control, the data acquisition terminal carries out collection analysis, comprehensive judgment, analysis and early warning;
(3) The invention has flexible use mode, and can monitor the time sequence evolution of the pretightening force loss of the bolt when being used independently; when the device is used in pairs, the damage evolution of specific structural parts can be monitored, so that the whole process of monitoring the bolt connection looseness and the damage of the components is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent gasket structure based on wireless transmission;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation of an intelligent gasket of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission of the present invention;
In the figure, 1 is a bolt, 2 is an intelligent gasket, 3 is a member, 11 is a cover layer, 12 is a protective cover, 13 is a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, 14 is a lead, 15 is an integrated body, 16 is a base, 22 is a power supply module, 23 is an inverter, 24 is a signal control and processing module, and 25 is a wireless transmission module.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Embodiment one:
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides an intelligent pad based on wireless transmission, which includes a base 16 and a protective cover 12, wherein the base 16 is of a hollow structure, and a piezoelectric ceramic sensor 13, a signal control and processing module 24, a wireless transmission module 25 and a power supply module 22 are disposed in the base 16; the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 13, the signal control and processing module 24 and the wireless transmission module 25 are connected in sequence, and the power supply module 22 is respectively connected with the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 13, the signal control and processing module 24 and the wireless transmission module 25; the protective cover 12 is connected to the base 16; the signal control and processing module 24, the wireless transmission module 25 and the power supply module 22 are integrated together to form an integrated body 15.
Further optimizing scheme, the base 16 includes first pedestal, second pedestal, the cross section of first pedestal is the ring shape, the cross section of second pedestal is the rectangle, piezoceramics sensor 13 locates in the first pedestal, signal control and processing module 24, wireless transmission module 25, power module 22 locate in the second pedestal, first pedestal, inside link up mutually of second pedestal.
Further optimizing scheme, the protective cover 12 is embedded into the base 16, and the base 16 is connected with the protective cover 12 by adopting a clamping groove; the protective cover 12 is provided with a window, the position of the window corresponds to the second base, and the window is provided with a cover layer 11 capable of being opened and closed freely for replacing the power supply module 22, and also for maintaining and replacing the signal control and processing module 24 and the wireless transmission module 25.
In a further optimized scheme, the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 13 is in a ring shape, the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 13 is encapsulated in an epoxy resin protection layer, and is connected with the signal control and processing module 24 and the power supply module 22 through the lead 14. During installation, the intelligent gasket 2 is under the action of bolt pretightening force and presents an initial state; when the bolt 1 is loosened, the pressure applied to the gasket is reduced, and the impedance of the gasket is changed according to the positive piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramics in the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 13.
Further optimizing the scheme, the signal control and processing module 24 includes both excitation and signal processing functions. The excitation function is to emit excitation signals to the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 13, and to measure impedance signals of the piezoelectric ceramic by utilizing the positive and negative piezoelectric effects of the piezoelectric ceramic material. The signal processing function refers to processing the impedance signal into a signal that can be transmitted by the wireless transmission module 25.
Further optimizing the scheme, the wireless transmission module 25 adopts a Zig-Bee wireless transmission module 25 to transmit the processed impedance signal to a terminal, and analysis and early warning are carried out through the terminal; zig-Bee is a short-range, low-power wireless communication technology. The method is characterized by low power consumption, low cost, low speed and short time delay, and the transmission distance can reach km level, thereby meeting the monitoring range required by general buildings. The Zig-Bee technology is mature, the chip size is small, and the Zig-Bee technology is widely applied to various monitoring fields such as water conservancy and natural disaster prevention and control.
Further preferably, the power supply module 22 is configured to provide power for the signal control and processing module 24 and the wireless transmission module 25, and is further configured to perform ac conversion processing on the provided power based on the excitation signal emitted by the signal control and processing module 24, and send an excitation signal to the piezoceramic sensor 13. In this embodiment, the power supply module 22 includes a battery and a small-sized inverter 23. The battery adopts button cells, the button cells are small in shape, stable in performance and long in service life, and the button cells are widely applied to various miniature electronic products, such as computer mainboards, electronic watches, remote controllers, electric toys, cardiac pacemakers, electronic hearing aids and the like. The button cell is required to supply power to the signal control and processing module 24 and the wireless transmission module 25. Upon signal excitation, the power supply module 22 is powered by an ac power through a small inverter 23 for measuring the impedance of the piezoceramic sensor 13.
Embodiment two:
The embodiment provides an application of an intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission, which is used for monitoring the pre-tightening force time sequence loss of a bolt 1 on which the intelligent gasket 2 is installed and carrying out loosening identification on the bolt 1 based on the pre-tightening force time sequence loss; the intelligent gasket 2 is used singly, after the intelligent gasket 2 is sleeved on the bolt 1, the bolt 1 is locked on the component 3, and the pre-tightening force time sequence loss of the bolt 1 on which the intelligent gasket 2 is installed is monitored by adopting an electromechanical impedance method, and the intelligent gasket comprises the following specific steps: the signal control and processing module 24 is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 13 through the lead 14, the signal control and processing module 24 provides excitation signals for the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 13, the coupling admittance of a single degree-of-freedom spring-mass-damping System (SMP) driven by the intelligent gasket 2 is obtained, an impedance signal is obtained through the admittance based on the piezoelectric effect, the pretightening force time sequence loss of the bolt 1 is obtained through the change of the value of the impedance signal, and the monitoring of the looseness degree of the bolt 1 is completed.
Embodiment III:
The embodiment provides another application of an intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission, which is used for monitoring the time-sequence evolution of damage of a component 3 for installing the intelligent gasket 2 in pairs and identifying the damage of the component 3 based on the time-sequence evolution of the damage; the intelligent gaskets 2 are used in pairs and comprise a first intelligent gasket and a second intelligent gasket, the first intelligent gasket and the second intelligent gasket are respectively connected to corresponding bolts, and the two bolts are separately arranged; the first intelligent pad is used as a driver, an excitation electric signal is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 13 of the first intelligent pad through the signal control and processing module 24 of the first intelligent pad, and stress waves are generated in the component 3 through the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics in the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 13 of the first intelligent pad; and the second intelligent gasket is used as a sensor, and after receiving the stress transmitted by the first intelligent gasket, the second intelligent gasket collects electric signals through the positive piezoelectric effect in the piezoelectric ceramic sensor 13 of the second intelligent gasket. When the member 3 between the two intelligent gaskets 2 is damaged, the propagation path of the stress wave is changed, the acquired electric signal is also changed, and the damage identification is performed on the member 3 through the change of the electric signal.
The invention has the following technical effects:
(1) The invention provides an intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission, which adopts a piezoelectric ceramic material as a sensing material, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic material has a positive and reverse piezoelectric effect which is convenient to measure, and is low in price and easy to process and produce; meanwhile, the piezoelectric ceramic material adopted by the invention is annular, is uniformly distributed by the bolt pressure, and is more sensitive to the positive and negative piezoelectric effect generated by loosening the bolt; the wireless transmission module is arranged to transmit data to the terminal, so that the intelligent gasket is small in size and easy to install, and can be used for monitoring the pretightening force of the bolt in use;
(2) The invention can carry out multipoint distribution control, the data acquisition terminal carries out collection analysis, comprehensive judgment, analysis and early warning;
(3) The invention has flexible use mode, and can monitor the time sequence evolution of the pretightening force loss of the bolt when being used independently; when the device is used in pairs, the damage evolution of specific structural parts can be monitored, so that the whole process of monitoring the bolt connection looseness and the damage of the components is realized.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. Intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission, characterized by, include: the base (16) is of a hollow structure, and the base (16) is internally provided with a piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13), a signal control and processing module (24), a wireless transmission module (25) and a power supply module (22); the piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13), the signal control and processing module (24) and the wireless transmission module (25) are sequentially connected, and the power supply module (22) is respectively connected with the piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13), the signal control and processing module (24) and the wireless transmission module (25); the protective cover (12) is connected to the base (16);
The piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13) is used for generating an impedance signal;
the signal control and processing module (24) is used for transmitting an excitation signal to the piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13) and processing an impedance signal generated by the piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13);
The wireless transmission module (25) is used for transmitting the processed impedance signal to a terminal;
The power supply module (22) is used for providing power for the signal control and processing module (24) and the wireless transmission module (25), and is also used for carrying out alternating current conversion processing on the provided power based on an excitation signal emitted by the signal control and processing module (24) and sending the power to the piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13);
The base (16) comprises a first base body and a second base body, the piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13) is arranged in the first base body, the signal control and processing module (24), the wireless transmission module (25) and the power supply module (22) are arranged in the second base body, and the first base body and the second base body are communicated;
The protective cover (12) is embedded into the base (16), a window is arranged on the protective cover (12), the position of the window corresponds to that of the second base, and a cover layer (11) capable of being freely opened and closed is arranged on the window;
The power supply module (22) comprises a battery and an inverter (23); the inverter (23) is respectively connected with the signal control and processing module (24) and the piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13); the battery is respectively connected with the signal control and processing module (24) and the wireless transmission module (25).
2. The intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13) is in a ring shape, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13) is encapsulated in an epoxy resin protection layer.
3. The wireless transmission-based intelligent pad according to claim 1, wherein the wireless transmission module (25) is a zigbee wireless transmission module.
4. Use of a wireless transmission based intelligent washer according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the intelligent washer (2) is used for monitoring the pretension time sequence loss of a bolt (1) on which the intelligent washer (2) has been installed, and that the bolt (1) is subjected to loosening identification based on the pretension time sequence loss; the intelligent gasket (2) is further used for monitoring damage time sequence evolution of a component (3) provided with the intelligent gasket (2) in pairs, and damage identification is carried out on the component (3) based on the damage time sequence evolution.
5. The use of intelligent gaskets based on wireless transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that said intelligent gaskets (2) are used singly, and the time sequence loss of the pretightening force of the bolts (1) on which said intelligent gaskets (2) are installed is monitored by adopting an electromechanical impedance method.
6. The application of the intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission according to claim 5, wherein the method for acquiring the pretightening force time sequence loss comprises the following steps:
And providing an excitation signal for the piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13) through the signal control and processing module (24), obtaining the coupling electric admittance of the single-degree-of-freedom spring-mass-damping system driven by the single intelligent gasket (2), obtaining an impedance signal through the electric admittance, obtaining the pretightening force time sequence loss of the bolt (1) through the change of the value of the impedance signal, and completing the monitoring of the loosening degree of the bolt (1).
7. The use of intelligent gaskets based on wireless transmission according to claim 4, characterized in that said intelligent gaskets (2) are used in pairs, comprising a first intelligent gasket, a second intelligent gasket; the first intelligent gasket is used as a driver, an excitation electric signal is applied to the piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13) through a signal control and processing module (24) of the first intelligent gasket, and stress waves are generated through the piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13); the second intelligent gasket is used as a sensor, after receiving the stress transmitted by the first intelligent gasket, an electric signal is collected through a piezoelectric ceramic sensor (13) of the second intelligent gasket, and damage identification is carried out on the component (3) through the change of the electric signal.
CN202110456677.6A 2021-04-27 2021-04-27 Intelligent gasket based on wireless transmission and application Active CN112983967B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113358265B (en) * 2021-06-22 2022-08-26 同济大学 Piezoresistive bolt looseness intelligent monitoring device
CN113567032B (en) * 2021-07-07 2023-12-29 河南航天精工制造有限公司 Gasket with axial force monitoring function
CN114061820A (en) * 2021-10-20 2022-02-18 广州建筑股份有限公司 Monitoring device and monitoring method for tightening torque of scaffold fastener
CN114110002B (en) * 2021-11-23 2023-07-25 浙江清华柔性电子技术研究院 Gasket assembly, fastening structure and gasket service state monitoring method
CN116222713B (en) * 2023-03-21 2023-09-01 深圳艾依灵科技有限公司 Sanitation truck weighing sensor and control method thereof

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