CN112983769B - Solar Stirling power generation integrated equipment - Google Patents

Solar Stirling power generation integrated equipment Download PDF

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CN112983769B
CN112983769B CN202110433812.5A CN202110433812A CN112983769B CN 112983769 B CN112983769 B CN 112983769B CN 202110433812 A CN202110433812 A CN 202110433812A CN 112983769 B CN112983769 B CN 112983769B
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pipe
heat
heat transfer
power generation
solar
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CN112983769A (en
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吴小明
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/068—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having other power cycles, e.g. Stirling or transcritical, supercritical cycles; combined with other power sources, e.g. wind, gas or nuclear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/057—Regenerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses solar Stirling power generation integrated equipment which comprises a tower type downward-emission light gathering device, a near-ground receiver, a circulating working medium pipe, a Stirling power generator set, a combustion device and a supporting platform. The vaporization cylinder, the circulation working medium pipe and the heat exchange container of the Stirling engine heater of the near-ground receiver respectively form an evaporation section, an insulation section and a condensation section of the separated heat pipe, and the heat transfer working medium in the vaporization cylinder absorbs high-temperature solar heat collected by the tower type downward-emission type condensing device or combustion heat of the combustion device and then exchanges heat with a plurality of Stirling engines connected in parallel, and the Stirling engines drive an alternating-current generator to generate power and are input into a power grid by a grid-connected controller. The invention has simple structure, can overcome the defects that the application of the existing solar Stirling engine in the solar thermal power generation field is limited to butterfly and single machine power is limited, can promote the application of the single machine of the high-power Stirling engine in tower solar thermal power generation and can improve the investment cost performance of power generation equipment through one machine with multiple functions.

Description

Solar Stirling power generation integrated equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to application and integration technology of solar thermal power generation, in particular to a single machine of a high-power Stirling engine in the field of tower type solar thermal power generation.
Background
The Stirling engine is a hot air engine with high heat efficiency, the application of the existing Stirling engine in the field of solar thermal power generation is limited to butterfly solar thermal power generation, and the application of the existing Stirling engine in the field of fuel power generation is mainly gas power generation and power generation through a gas Stirling generator set, so that a hybrid Stirling generator set integrating solar energy and clean fuel does not exist at present, even if the hybrid Stirling generator set exists, the single machine power is limited by a butterfly parabolic mirror heat collecting surface, the butterfly parabolic mirror heat collecting surface is generally between tens and hundreds of square meters, the single machine power is small, the power is generally between thousands of kilowatts and twenty-five kilowatts, and the application of a single machine of a high-power (more than 100 kilowatts) Stirling engine in the field of solar thermal power generation is limited. The solar Stirling engine relies on a butterfly parabolic mirror condensation system, sodium vapor is used as a heat transfer working medium, the operation temperature is generally higher than 650 ℃, the power generation efficiency is approximately 30%, the tower solar condensation system has the characteristic that the condensation temperature is higher than the heat collection temperature by thousands of degrees as compared with a butterfly solar condensation system, and the tower solar thermal power generation can also generate power through a solar Stirling generator set, but the combination and the application of the existing aspects are still blank. In addition, in a hybrid power generation system which uses the solar energy generated by the Stirling generator set and clean fuel and is complementary with natural gas, the solar Stirling generator set and the gas Stirling generator set are generally combined to generate power, and the combination of one machine and two can not be used for multiple purposes, so that the investment cost is increased, and the investment cost performance of power generation equipment is difficult to improve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides solar Stirling power generation integrated equipment.
A solar Stirling power generation integrated device comprises a tower type downward-emission light gathering device, a near-ground receiver, a circulating working medium pipe, a Stirling generator set, a combustion device and a supporting platform.
The tower type downward-emission type condensing device comprises a double-leaf hyperboloid reflector, the double-leaf hyperboloid reflector comprises an upper-leaf reflector body and a focus indicator lamp, the upper-leaf reflector body consists of a circular truncated cone-shaped hyperboloid reflector and a focusing glass mirror, the near-ground receiver comprises a circular truncated cone-shaped sealed container, a hemispherical heat absorber, a heating pipe and a vaporization cylinder, the hemispherical heat absorber is arranged in the bottom of the circular truncated cone-shaped sealed container, the heating pipe is arranged in the vaporization cylinder, the circular truncated cone-shaped sealed container is further embedded in the vaporization cylinder, the upper end of the vaporization cylinder is provided with an outlet, the lower end of the vaporization cylinder is provided with an inlet, the inlet is provided with a check valve, the vaporization cylinder is provided with a seal, the circulation pipe comprises a heat transfer pipe and a heat transfer return pipe, the heat transfer pipe comprises a rising pipe, a heat transfer branch pipe and a falling pipe, the Stirling generator set comprises a modified solar engine, the modified solar engine comprises a heat exchange main return pipe, the heat transfer branch pipe and a falling pipe, the modified solar engine comprises a heat exchange engine, the modified solar engine comprises a heat exchange container, the heat exchange engine and a heat exchange section, the heat exchange section of the heat exchange section is formed by the heat exchange section and the heat exchange section of the heat exchange section, the heat exchange section is formed by the heat exchange section and the heat section of the heat section and the heat section is separated by the heat section and the heat section.
Preferably, the focus indicator lamp is arranged at the focus on the inner side of the upper leaf reflector body.
Preferably, the upper end of the vaporizing cylinder is provided with a plurality of outlets and is respectively connected with a plurality of heat transfer pipes, and the lower end of the vaporizing cylinder is provided with a plurality of inlets and is respectively connected with a plurality of heat transfer return pipes.
Preferably, the bottom end of the hemispherical heat absorber is connected with a heating pipe, and micropores are formed on the surface of the heating pipe.
Preferably, the rising pipe is connected with the outlet of the vaporization cylinder, the lower end of the heat transfer main pipe is provided with a plurality of outlets and is connected with the inlets of the heat exchange containers of the plurality of parallel modified solar Stirling engine heaters by a plurality of heat transfer branch pipes, the upper end of the heat transfer main return pipe is provided with a plurality of outlets and is connected with the outlets of the heat exchange containers of the plurality of parallel modified solar Stirling engine heaters by a plurality of heat transfer branch return pipes, and the descending pipe is connected with the inlet of the vaporization cylinder.
Preferably, no valve is arranged in the pipeline of the circulating working medium pipe.
Preferably, the heat exchange container is arranged at the head of the modified solar Stirling engine and is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet is arranged at the upper end of the heat exchange container and is connected with the heat transfer branch pipe, the outlet is arranged at the lower end of the heat exchange container and is connected with the heat transfer branch pipe, and no valve is arranged in the pipeline.
Preferably, the high-temperature gravity heat pipe cluster is formed by vertically arranging a plurality of high-temperature gravity heat pipes, an evaporation section of each high-temperature gravity heat pipe is arranged in a smoke cylinder and is provided with a pipe jacket, a heat insulation section is arranged between the top of the combustion furnace and the evaporation cylinder, and a condensation section is arranged at the bottom in the evaporation cylinder.
Preferably, the medium temperature gravity heat pipe cluster is formed by vertically arranging a plurality of medium temperature gravity heat pipes, an evaporation section of the medium temperature gravity heat pipes is arranged in the smoke exhaust pipe, the heat insulation section is arranged between the smoke exhaust pipe and the heat transfer main return pipe, and a condensation section is arranged in the heat transfer main return pipe.
The solar Stirling power generation integrated device comprises a tower type downward-emission light gathering device, a near-ground receiver, a circulating working medium pipe, a Stirling generator set, a combustion device and a supporting platform.
The tower type downward-emission light condensing device comprises a heliostat group, a double-leaf hyperboloid reflector, a turntable and a bracket. The heliostat group comprises a first heliostat group and a second heliostat group, each heliostat group is formed by arranging a plurality of heliostats, and each heliostat comprises a reflecting mirror surface, a mirror frame, a double-shaft tracker and a controller; the double-leaf hyperboloid reflector comprises an upper-leaf reflector body, a top cover, a bottom surface, a focus indicator lamp and a supporting rod, wherein the upper-leaf reflector body is an upper half part of a double-leaf hyperboloid, the diameter of the upper end of the upper-leaf reflector body is larger than that of the lower end of the upper-leaf reflector body, the upper end of the upper-leaf reflector body is bowl-shaped, the upper end of the upper-leaf reflector body is provided with the top cover, the lower end of the upper-leaf reflector body is provided with the bottom surface, the upper-leaf reflector body consists of a truncated cone-shaped hyperboloid reflector and a focusing glass mirror, the inner side of the upper-leaf reflector body is hollow and is provided with an upper focus of the double-leaf hyperboloid, the upper focus indicator lamp is arranged at the upper focus, the focus indicator lamp is supported by the supporting rod, and the supporting rod is arranged on a symmetrical shaft of the upper-leaf reflector body and is connected with a movable disc of a turntable; the turntable comprises a fixed disk, a movable disk, a divider and a motor, wherein the fixed disk is arranged outside the turntable, the movable disk is arranged inside the turntable, the upper part of the movable disk is provided with the bottom surface of the double-leaf hyperboloid reflector, the bottom part of the movable disk is connected with the divider, the divider is connected with the motor, and the fixed disk is horizontally arranged on the bracket; the rack is connected vertically to the proximity receiver.
The near-ground receiver comprises a truncated cone-shaped sealed container, a hemispherical heat absorber, a heating pipe and a vaporization cylinder. The top of the truncated cone-shaped sealed container is provided with a quartz glass window, a vacuum inner cavity is arranged in the quartz glass window, a hemispherical heat absorber is arranged in the bottom of the quartz glass window, the hemispherical heat absorber is arranged at the lower focus and the light spot of the hyperboloid of the double leaves, the surface of the hemispherical heat absorber is provided with a sunlight selective heat absorbing coating, and the bottom end of the hemispherical heat absorber is connected with a heating pipe; the surface of the heating pipe is provided with micropores, and the heating pipe is arranged in the vaporization cylinder; the vaporizing cylinder is internally embedded with a circular truncated cone-shaped sealing container, the upper end of the vaporizing cylinder is provided with a plurality of outlets including a first outlet and a second outlet and respectively connected with a plurality of heat transfer pipes, the lower end of the vaporizing cylinder is provided with a plurality of inlets including a first inlet and a second inlet and respectively connected with a plurality of heat transfer return pipes, the inlets are provided with check valves, the vaporizing cylinder is provided with a seal, and the vaporizing cylinder is internally provided with a heat transfer working medium including liquid sodium or sodium-potassium alloy (24% sodium and 76% potassium).
The circulating working medium pipe comprises a heat transfer pipe and a heat transfer return pipe. The heat transfer pipe comprises a rising pipe, a heat transfer main pipe and a heat transfer branch pipe, wherein the rising pipe is connected with the outlet of the vaporization cylinder, the lower end of the heat transfer main pipe is provided with a plurality of outlets, the heat transfer branch pipe is connected with the inlets of heat exchange containers of a plurality of parallel modified solar Stirling engine heaters, and a heat transfer return pipe is arranged below the heat transfer pipe; the heat transfer return pipe comprises a heat transfer main return pipe, a heat transfer branch return pipe and a descending pipe, wherein the upper end of the heat transfer main return pipe is provided with a plurality of outlets, the heat transfer branch return pipes are connected with the outlets of heat exchange containers of a plurality of parallel modified solar Stirling engine heaters, the descending pipe is connected with the inlet of the vaporization cylinder through a first inlet and a second inlet, and no valve is arranged in the pipeline of the cycle working medium pipe.
The Stirling generator set comprises a modified solar Stirling engine, an alternator and a grid-connected controller. The improved solar Stirling engine comprises a heater, wherein the heater is arranged at the head of the Stirling engine and comprises a heat exchange container, a U-shaped heat absorption tube cluster, an annular heating collecting tube and an annular heat recovery collecting tube, the heat exchange container is a high-temperature resistant heat insulation container and is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet is arranged at the upper end of the heat exchange container and is connected with a heat transfer branch tube, the outlet is arranged at the lower end of the heat exchange container and is connected with a heat transfer branch tube, a valve is not arranged in a pipeline, a shell is arranged outside the heat exchange container, the U-shaped heat absorption tube cluster, the annular heating collecting tube and the annular heat recovery collecting tube are arranged in an arc-shaped manner, each U-shaped heat absorption tube is provided with two tube orifices, one tube orifice is connected with the annular heat recovery collecting tube, two ends of the annular heating collecting tube are respectively communicated with the head of a heat cylinder, and the annular heat recovery collecting tube is connected with a connecting tube of the heat recovery device; the alternating current generator is connected with the grid-connected controller.
The vaporization cylinder, the circulating working medium pipe and the heat exchange container of the Stirling engine heater of the near-ground receiver respectively form an evaporation section, a heat insulation section and a condensation section of the separated heat pipe.
The combustion device is arranged at the bottom of the near-ground receiver and comprises a vertical combustion furnace, a burner, a high-temperature gravity heat pipe cluster and a medium-temperature gravity heat pipe cluster. The vertical type combustion furnace comprises a flame tube, a smoke exhaust tube and a heat insulation shell, wherein the flame tube and the smoke tube are arranged in the heat insulation shell, the smoke tube and the flame tube are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end in the heat insulation shell, and the flame tube is in seamless connection with the smoke tube; the burner comprises a flame ejector, a fuel mixing cylinder, a fuel pipe, an air preheating pipe and a compressor, wherein the flame ejector is arranged at the bottom of the flame tube, the fuel mixing cylinder, the fuel pipe and the compressor are all arranged under the vertical type combustion furnace, the fuel pipe and the air preheating pipe are respectively connected with the fuel mixing cylinder, the air preheating pipe is spirally wound outside the flue gas tube and the flame tube from top to bottom, the inlet of the air preheating pipe is connected with the compressor, and the outlet of the air preheating pipe is connected with the fuel mixing cylinder; the high-temperature gravity heat pipe cluster is formed by vertically arranging a plurality of high-temperature gravity heat pipes, each high-temperature gravity heat pipe comprises an evaporation section, a heat insulation section and a condensation section, the evaporation section is arranged in a smoke cylinder and is provided with a pipe jacket, the heat insulation section is arranged between the top of the vertical combustion furnace and the evaporation cylinder, and the condensation section is arranged at the bottom in the evaporation cylinder; the medium temperature gravity heat pipe cluster is formed by vertically arranging a plurality of medium temperature gravity heat pipes, each medium temperature gravity heat pipe comprises an evaporation section, a heat insulation section and a condensation section, the evaporation section is arranged in the smoke exhaust pipe, the heat insulation section is arranged between the smoke exhaust pipe and the heat transfer main return pipe, and the condensation section is arranged in the heat transfer main return pipe.
The support platform comprises an operation platform and a bracket, and a cycle working medium pipe and a Stirling generator set are arranged on the operation platform.
Description of the parts:
1) Tower type downward-emission condensing device: sunlight is reflected to a hyperboloid reflector vertically above the receiver by the heliostat group and then reflected and converged into the near-ground receiver. A two-leaf hyperboloid reflector: by utilizing the optical characteristics that the light rays (the extended lines of the light rays) passing through the upper focal points of the hyperboloid and the lower focal points of the hyperboloid are required to pass through the lower focal points of the hyperboloid, the reflected light of the heliostat group is reflected to the lower focal points of the ground for the second time through the upper leaf reflector body after pointing to the upper focal points of the hyperboloid, so that the ground condensation is realized. Focus indicator light: facilitating the heliostat to reflect light in focus. A turntable: the focus is shielded by the truncated cone-shaped hyperboloid reflecting mirror, the glass mirror can transmit light for focusing, and the rotary table is aligned to the focus indicator lamp through the focusing glass mirror when focusing is needed.
2) A near-earth receiver: realizing heat collection and heat exchange. Hemispherical heat absorber: the sphere can correspond to the light spots and has a larger heat absorption surface, and the surface is coated with a sunlight selective heat absorption coating which can convert sunlight into heat energy. Heating pipe: the heat transfer medium can be heated and vaporized simultaneously through the inside and outside of the heat transfer pipe, and micropores are arranged on the surface of the heating pipe, so that the vaporized medium in the pipe can conveniently flow out of the micropores. Vaporization jar: the container for absorbing heat and vaporizing heat transfer medium has a sealing port for sealing the container after heat transfer medium is input into the vaporizing cylinder. Check valve: the one-way valve is a direction control valve, and the heat transfer working medium in the vaporization cylinder can be prevented from flowing back after the heat exchange liquefied working medium flows back into the vaporization cylinder. Heat transfer working medium: liquid sodium and sodium potassium alloys (24% sodium and 76% potassium) have large heat capacity, good heat transfer performance and very low saturated vapor pressure, and are used as coolant for nuclear reactors, and liquid sodium is also used for high temperature heat pipes (sodium heat pipes).
3) Circulating working medium pipe: the circulation use of the working medium is realized through the phase change of the working medium, the heat transfer working medium is vaporized and then is respectively supplied to a plurality of parallel solar Stirling engines through a plurality of heat transfer branch pipes by a heat transfer main pipe, and the liquefied heat transfer working medium after heat exchange flows into a heat transfer main return pipe and then flows into a vaporization cylinder through a plurality of heat transfer branch return pipes. Riser and downcomer: the heat exchange container of the vaporization cylinder, the circulating working medium pipe and the head heater of the solar Stirling engine forms a separated heat pipe, the separated heat pipe is a gravity heat pipe, the working medium is circulated by self gravity without a liquid suction core, the ascending pipe and the descending pipe can generate drop difference to enable the working medium to form a certain gravitational potential energy, the descending pipe and the vaporization cylinder form a communicating vessel, if the liquid level of the working medium in the vaporization cylinder is lower than the liquid level of the working medium in the total heat transfer return pipe and the saturated vapor pressure of the working medium is small enough (the saturated vapor pressure of sodium at 660 ℃ is only 0.007Mpa and is far lower than the atmospheric pressure), and the liquid working medium in the total heat transfer return pipe can automatically flow into the vaporization cylinder from the descending pipe through the check valve.
4) Stirling generator set: the modified solar Stirling engine exchanges heat with the heat transfer working medium through the heater at the head part to drive the alternating current generator to generate electricity. A heater: the original receiver at the head of the solar Stirling engine comprises a glass mirror, a heat absorbing plate, a liquid absorbing core, liquid sodium, the U-shaped heat absorbing tube clusters, the annular heat collecting tube and a shell, and only the U-shaped heat absorbing tube clusters and the annular heat collecting tube are required to be reserved and the heat exchanging container and the annular heat collecting tube are additionally arranged in the original receiver after modification due to concentrated condensation heat collection and heat supply. Annular heating header: the hot cylinder may be located outside the heat exchange vessel and in communication with the head of the hot cylinder by a heating header, allowing the cylinder of the Stirling engine to be separated from the heater for ease of maintenance.
5) A combustion device: the solar thermal power generation and the clean fuel power generation are complemented, and the multi-purpose power generation device is realized through sharing the generator set, so that the investment cost performance of the power generation device is improved. Flame tube: i.e. the hearth, the location for combustion. Smoke cylinder: the channel of the high-temperature combustion material and the heat exchange place. An air preheating pipe: the heat absorbed by the outer surfaces of the flame tube and the flue gas tube preheats air to raise the combustion temperature so as to reduce heat loss. High temperature gravity heat pipe: and heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas and rapid heat transfer are carried out, and then the working medium in the vaporization cylinder is heated, wherein the pipe sleeve is used for avoiding the direct contact of the high-temperature flame and the evaporation section to play a role of buffering protection. Medium temperature gravity heat pipe: the waste heat of the smoke exhaust pipe of the combustion device can be fully utilized to preheat the reflowing working medium and prevent the working medium from solidifying and blocking the pipeline no matter the solar thermal power generation or the clean fuel power generation.
6) And (3) supporting a platform: the method is mainly used for distributing the circulating working medium pipes and the Stirling generator set.
The beneficial effects are that:
according to the invention, the vaporization cylinder, the cycle working medium pipe and the heat exchange container of the Stirling engine heater of the near-ground receiver respectively form the evaporation section, the heat insulation section and the condensation section of the separated heat pipe, the heat transfer working medium in the vaporization cylinder and the heat sources at the upper end and the lower end of the vaporization cylinder are distributed to a plurality of modified solar Stirling engines distributed in parallel according to the cycle working medium pipe after heat exchange in a concentrated manner, the modified solar Stirling engine drives a generator to generate electricity, the structure is simple and compact, and the investment cost performance of power generation equipment can be improved from the following aspects:
1. the application range of the Stirling generating set in the field of solar thermal power generation can be expanded from butterfly solar thermal power generation to tower solar thermal power generation, and the cost is reduced due to the increase of requirements.
2. The solar Stirling generator set does not need one-mirror one-machine dispersion layout, and can enable the power generation efficiency to be between a tower type and a butterfly type on one hand through concentrated condensation, heat collection and heat supply, and can reduce investment and operation costs including bearing and energy consumption of a tracker and the cost of supporting, cabling and installation of the Stirling generator set on the other hand.
3. The single-unit power of the solar Stirling generator set is not limited by the butterfly parabolic condenser, and tower type downward-projecting condensing can open the application space of the single-unit of the high-power Telin generator set in the field of solar thermal power generation, and the investment cost and the operation cost can be reduced.
4. In the hybrid power generation of complementation of solar energy and clean fuel, heat is transferred by a heat pipe (comprising a separated heat pipe and a medium-high temperature gravity heat pipe), the heat transfer efficiency is high, the heat loss is small, the comprehensive power generation efficiency is high, the multi-purpose investment cost is reduced by sharing the generator set, and the economical efficiency of the equipment is improved by improving the utilization rate of the generator set.
5. The solar energy power generation system can be used as an independent solar energy thermal power generation device, an independent clean fuel power generation device and a mixed use, is suitable for centralized power generation, is suitable for multi-energy complementary distributed power generation, is particularly suitable for micro-grids, and has the flexibility of coping with the power market.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a solar Stirling power integrated device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure and connection of a near-earth receiver;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure and connection of a retrofit solar Stirling engine heater;
1. tower bottom emission type light gathering device 11, heliostat group 111, first heliostat group 112, second heliostat group 12, double-leaf hyperbolic reflector 121, upper-leaf reflector 1211, truncated conical hyperbolic reflector 1212, focusing glass 122, top cover 123, bottom surface 124, focus indicator 125, support rod 13, pivot plate 132, movable disk 14, first bracket 2, near-earth receiver 21, truncated conical sealed container 211, quartz glass window 212, vacuum chamber 22, hemispherical absorber 23, heating tube 231, micropore 24, vaporization cylinder 241, inlet 2411, first inlet 2412, second inlet 242, outlet 2421, first outlet 2422, second outlet 243, check valve 244, seal 245, liquid sodium 3, cycle medium pipe 31, heat transfer pipe 311, riser 312, heat transfer manifold 313, heat transfer manifold 32, heat transfer return pipe 321, heat transfer main return pipe 322, heat transfer branch return pipe 323, downcomer 4, stirling generator group 41. Retrofit solar Stirling engine 411, heater 4111, heat exchanger vessel 4111, third inlet 41112, third outlet 41113, housing 4112, U-shaped heat sink tube bundle 41121, U-shaped heat sink tube 411211, first tube orifice 411212, second tube orifice 4113, annular heat header 4114, annular heat sink header 412, regenerator tube 413, regenerator tube 42, alternator 43, grid-tie controller 5, combustion apparatus 51, vertical burner 511, flame tube 512, flue gas tube 513, flue gas tube 514, insulated housing 52, burner 521, flame injector 522, fuel mixing cylinder 523, fuel tube 524, air preheating tube 525, compressor 53, high temperature gravity heat tube bank 531, high temperature gravity heat pipe 5311, first evaporation section 53111, tube jacket 5312, first insulated section 5313, first condensing section 54, medium temperature gravity heat tube bundle 541, medium temperature gravity heat pipe 5411, second evaporation section 5412, second insulated section 5413, second condensing section 6 Support platform 61, work platform 62, second support.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings for the purpose of enhancing the understanding of the present invention, which examples are provided for the purpose of illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the solar stirling power generation integrated device comprises a tower type downlight condensing device 1, a near-ground receiver 2, a circulating working medium pipe 3, a stirling power generator set 4, a combustion device 5 and a supporting platform 6.
The tower type downlight condensing device 1 comprises a heliostat group 11, a double-leaf hyperboloid reflector 12, a turntable 13 and a first bracket 14. The heliostat group 11 comprises a first heliostat group 111 and a second heliostat group 112, each heliostat group is formed by arranging a plurality of heliostats, and each heliostat comprises a reflecting mirror surface, a mirror frame, a double-shaft tracker and a controller; the hyperboloid reflector 12 comprises an upper leaf reflector body 121, a top cover 122, a bottom surface 123, a focus indicator lamp 124 and a supporting rod 125, wherein the upper leaf reflector body 121 is an upper half part of a hyperboloid and has a bowl-shaped upper end diameter larger than a lower end diameter, the top cover 122 is arranged at the upper end, the bottom surface 123 is arranged at the lower end, the upper leaf reflector body consists of a truncated cone-shaped hyperboloid reflector 1211 and a focusing glass mirror 1212, the inner side is hollow and provided with an upper focus of the hyperboloid, the upper focus indicator lamp 124 is arranged at the upper focus, the focus indicator lamp 124 is supported by the supporting rod 125, and the supporting rod is arranged on a symmetrical axis of the upper leaf reflector body and is connected with a movable disc of a turntable; the turntable 13 comprises a fixed disk 131, a movable disk 132, a divider and a motor, wherein the fixed disk 131 is arranged outside the turntable, the movable disk 132 is arranged inside the turntable, the upper part of the movable disk is provided with the bottom surface of the double-leaf hyperboloid reflector, the bottom part of the movable disk is connected with the divider, the divider is connected with the motor, and the fixed disk 131 is horizontally arranged on the first bracket 14; the first bracket 14 is connected vertically to the proximity receiver 2.
The near-earth receiver 2 comprises a truncated cone-shaped sealed container 21, a hemispherical heat absorber 22, a heating pipe 23 and a vaporization cylinder 24. The top of the truncated cone-shaped sealed container is provided with a quartz glass window 211, a vacuum inner cavity 212 is arranged in the quartz glass window, and a hemispherical heat absorber 22 is arranged in the bottom of the quartz glass window; the hemispherical heat absorber is arranged at the lower focus and the light spot of the hyperboloid of the double-leaf, the surface of the hemispherical heat absorber is provided with a sunlight selective heat absorbing coating, and the bottom end of the hemispherical heat absorber is connected with the heating pipe 23; the surface of the heating pipe is provided with micropores 231, and the heating pipe 23 is arranged in the vaporizing cylinder 24; the vaporizing cylinder 24 is further embedded with a circular truncated cone-shaped sealed container 21, the upper end of the vaporizing cylinder 24 is provided with a plurality of outlets 242 comprising a first outlet 2421 and a second outlet 2422 and respectively connected with a plurality of heat transfer pipes 31, the lower end of the vaporizing cylinder 24 is provided with a plurality of inlets 241 comprising a first inlet 2411 and a second inlet 2412 and respectively connected with a plurality of heat transfer return pipes 32, the lower end of the vaporizing cylinder is provided with check valves 243, the vaporizing cylinder is provided with a seal 244, and the vaporizing cylinder is also internally provided with a heat transfer working medium comprising liquid sodium 245.
The circulating working medium pipe 3 comprises a heat transfer pipe 31 and a heat transfer return pipe 32. The heat transfer pipe 31 comprises a rising pipe 311, a heat transfer main pipe 312 and a heat transfer branch pipe 313, wherein the heat transfer main pipe 312 and the vaporization cylinder outlet 242 comprise a first outlet 2421 and a second outlet 2422, a plurality of outlets are arranged at the lower end of the heat transfer main pipe 312, the heat transfer main pipe 312 is connected with a plurality of parallel modified solar Stirling engine heaters through a plurality of heat transfer branch pipes 313, the heat transfer container inlet of the modified solar Stirling engine heater comprises a third inlet 41111, and a heat transfer return pipe 32 is arranged below the heat transfer pipe; the heat transfer return pipe 32 comprises a heat transfer main return pipe 321, a heat transfer branch return pipe 322 and a descending pipe 323, wherein a plurality of outlets are arranged at the upper end of the heat transfer main return pipe 321, the heat transfer branch return pipes 322 are connected with a plurality of parallel modified heat exchange container outlets of the solar Stirling engine heater by a plurality of heat transfer branch return pipes 322, the descending pipe 323 is connected with the vaporizing cylinder inlet 241 by a first inlet 2411 and a second inlet 2412, and no valve is arranged in the pipeline of the cycle working medium pipe.
The Stirling generator set 4 includes a retrofit solar Stirling engine 41, an alternator 42, and a grid-tie controller 43. The modified solar Stirling engine 41 comprises a heater 411, the heater is arranged at the head of the Stirling engine, the heater 411 comprises a heat exchange container 4111, a U-shaped heat absorption tube cluster 4112, an annular heating header 4113 and an annular heat recovery header 4114, the heat exchange container 4111 is a high-temperature resistant heat insulation container, an inlet and an outlet are arranged at the upper end of the heat exchange container and comprise a third inlet 41111 and a third outlet 41112, the inlet comprises a third inlet 41111 which is arranged at the upper end of the heat exchange container and is connected with a heat transfer branch pipe 313, the outlet comprises a third outlet 41112 which is arranged at the lower end of the heat exchange container and is connected with a heat transfer branch pipe 322, no valve is arranged in a pipeline, a shell 41113 is arranged outside the heat exchange container, a U-shaped heat absorption tube cluster 4112, the annular heating header 4113 and the annular heat recovery header 4114 are arranged inside the heat absorption tube cluster 4112, the U-shaped heat absorption tube cluster 4113 is formed by arranging a plurality of U-shaped heat absorption tubes 41121 in an arc shape, each U-shaped heat absorption tube 41121 comprises a first orifice 411211 and a second orifice 411212, the first orifice 411211 is connected with the annular heat recovery header 4114, the second orifice 411212 is connected with the annular heat recovery header 4113, the annular heat absorption tube 4113 is connected with the annular heat recovery header 412, and the annular heat recovery header 4113 is connected with the two ends of the annular heat recovery header 4113, the heat collector is connected with the annular heat recovery header 4113, and the heat collector is connected with the heat pipe and the heat pipe is arranged; the alternator 42 is connected to a grid-connected controller 43.
The vaporization cylinder 24 of the near-ground receiver, the circulating working medium pipe 3 and the heat exchange container 4111 of the Stirling engine heater respectively form an evaporation section, an insulation section and a condensation section of the separated heat pipe.
The combustion device 5 is arranged at the bottom of the near-ground receiver 2 and comprises a vertical combustion furnace 51, a burner 52, a high-temperature gravity heat pipe cluster 53 and a medium-temperature gravity heat pipe cluster 54. The vertical combustion furnace 51 comprises a flame tube 511, a smoke tube 512, a smoke exhaust tube 513 and an insulation shell 514, wherein the flame tube 511 and the smoke tube 512 are arranged in the insulation shell 514, the upper end and the lower end in the insulation shell 514 are respectively provided with the smoke tube 512 and the flame tube 511, and the flame tube is in seamless connection with the smoke tube; the burner 52 comprises a flame ejector 521, a fuel mixing cylinder 522, a fuel pipe 523, an air preheating pipe 524 and a compressor 525, wherein the flame ejector 521 is arranged at the bottom of the flame tube 511, the fuel mixing cylinder 522, the fuel pipe 523 and the compressor 525 are arranged below the vertical combustion furnace 51, the fuel pipe 523 and the air preheating pipe 524 are respectively connected with the fuel mixing cylinder 522, the air preheating pipe 524 is spirally wound outside the flue gas tube 512 and the flame tube 511 from top to bottom, the inlet of the air preheating pipe 524 is connected with the compressor 525, and the outlet of the air preheating pipe 524 is connected with the fuel mixing cylinder 522; the high-temperature gravity heat pipe cluster 53 is formed by vertically arranging a plurality of high-temperature gravity heat pipes 531, the high-temperature gravity heat pipes 531 comprise a first evaporation section 5311, a first heat insulation section 5312 and a first condensation section 5313, the first evaporation section 5311 is arranged in the smoke cylinder 512 and is provided with a pipe jacket 53111, the first heat insulation section 5312 is arranged between the top of the vertical combustion furnace 51 and the vaporization cylinder 24, and the first condensation section is arranged at the bottom in the vaporization cylinder 24; the middle-temperature gravity heat pipe cluster 54 is formed by vertically arranging a plurality of middle-temperature gravity heat pipes 541, the middle-temperature gravity heat pipes 541 comprise a second evaporation section 5411, a second heat insulation section 5412 and a second condensation section 5413, the second evaporation section 5411 is arranged in the smoke exhaust pipe 513, the second heat insulation section 5412 is arranged between the smoke exhaust pipe 513 and the heat transfer main return pipe 321, and the second condensation section 5413 is arranged in the heat transfer main return pipe 321.
The support platform 6 comprises a working platform 61 and a bracket comprising a second bracket 62, and the working platform 6 is provided with a cycle working medium pipe 3 and a Stirling generator set 4.
The main realization process comprises the following steps: a plurality of Stirling generator sets are arranged on an operation platform in parallel around a near-ground receiver according to a circulating working medium pipe; vacuumizing a vaporization cylinder (an evaporation section of a split heat pipe), a circulating working medium pipe (an adiabatic section of the split heat pipe) and a heat exchange container (a condensation section of the split heat pipe) of a head heater of the modified solar Stirling engine, and injecting a certain amount of heat transfer working medium-liquid sodium from a sealing position of the vaporization cylinder to form a split heat pipe; a hemispherical absorber of the near-earth receiver is arranged at a lower focus of the double-leaf hyperboloid (a focus of a lower leaf of the double-leaf hyperboloid) and the near-earth receiver is arranged at the top of the vertical combustion furnace; and arranging the heliostat group around the tower type downward-emission condensing device. When solar energy thermal power generation, the focus indicator lamp is started and the movable disc of the rotary disc is rotated, the focusing glass mirror of the upper leaf reflector body is aligned with the focus indicator lamp to complete focusing setting of heliostat reflected light, the heliostat reflects sunlight onto the upper leaf reflector body and then secondarily reflects the sunlight onto the heat absorber positioned at the lower focus of the hyperboloid of the double leaf, then the heating tube heats and evaporates liquid sodium, high-temperature sodium gas after evaporation flows into the heat transfer header pipe in an ascending mode and flows into the heat exchange containers of the head heaters of the Stirling engines in parallel through the heat transfer branch pipes, the Stirling engines drive the alternating current generator to generate power and input into a power grid through the grid-connected controller, the sodium gas after heat exchange is liquefied and then flows into the heat transfer header pipe through the descending pipe back to the evaporation cylinder through the check valve, and the heat transfer working medium starts circulating. When clean fuel generates electricity, the clean fuel is burnt in a flame tube of the vertical type combustion furnace, the high-temperature flue gas heats an evaporation section of a high-temperature gravity heat pipe cluster in a smoke tube, a condensation section in the evaporation tube heats and evaporates a heat transfer working medium-liquid sodium, the heat transfer and heat exchange electricity generation process is the same as that described above, and the waste heat in the smoke exhaust tube is recycled by the medium-temperature gravity heat pipe cluster.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. The solar Stirling power generation integrated equipment is characterized by comprising a tower type downward-emission light gathering device, a near-ground receiver, a circulating working medium pipe, a Stirling power generation unit, a combustion device and a supporting platform;
the tower type downward-projecting light-gathering device comprises a double-leaf hyperboloid reflector, the double-leaf hyperboloid reflector comprises an upper-leaf reflector body and a focus indicator lamp, the upper-leaf reflector body consists of a circular truncated cone-shaped hyperboloid reflector and a focusing glass mirror, the near-earth receiver comprises a circular truncated cone-shaped sealed container, a hemispherical heat-absorbing body, a heating pipe and a vaporization cylinder, the hemispherical heat-absorbing body is arranged in the bottom of the circular truncated cone-shaped sealed container, the heating pipe is arranged in the vaporization cylinder, the circular truncated cone-shaped sealed container is also embedded in the vaporization cylinder, the upper end of the vaporization cylinder is provided with an outlet, the lower end of the vaporization cylinder is provided with an inlet, the inlet is provided with a check valve, the vaporization cylinder is provided with a seal, the circulating working medium pipe comprises a heat transfer pipe and a heat transfer return pipe, the heat transfer pipe comprises a rising pipe, a heat transfer main pipe and a heat transfer branch pipe, the heat transfer return pipe is arranged below the heat transfer pipe, the heat transfer return pipe comprises a heat transfer main return pipe, a heat transfer branch return pipe and a descending pipe, the Stirling generator set comprises a modified solar Stirling engine, a heater of the modified solar Stirling engine comprises a heat exchange container and an annular heating collecting pipe, a vaporization cylinder of the near-earth receiver, the circulating working medium pipe and the heat exchange container of the Stirling engine heater respectively form an evaporation section, a heat insulation section and a condensation section of the separated heat pipe, and the combustion device is arranged at the bottom of the near-earth receiver;
the focus pilot lamp locate the internal focus department of upper leaf speculum, vaporization jar upper end establish a plurality of exports and link to each other with a plurality of heat transfer pipes respectively, the lower extreme is established a plurality of inlets and is linked to each other with a plurality of heat transfer return pipes respectively, hemispherical absorber bottom connect the heating pipe, the heating pipe surface establish the micropore, rising pipe and vaporization jar exit linkage, heat transfer house steward lower extreme establish a plurality of exports and by a plurality of heat transfer branch pipes and the heat transfer container entrance linkage of a plurality of parallelly connected repacking solar Stirling engine heaters, heat transfer house steward upper end establish a plurality of exports and by a plurality of heat transfer branch return pipes and the heat transfer container exit linkage of a plurality of parallelly connected repacking solar Stirling engine heaters, the downcomer with vaporization jar entrance connection.
2. The solar Stirling power generation integrated device according to claim 1, wherein no valve is arranged in the pipeline of the circulating working medium pipe.
3. The solar Stirling power generation integrated device according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchange container is arranged at the head of the modified solar Stirling engine and is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the inlet is arranged at the upper end of the heat exchange container and is connected with the heat transfer branch pipe, the outlet is arranged at the lower end of the heat exchange container and is connected with the heat transfer branch pipe, and no valve is arranged in the pipeline.
CN202110433812.5A 2021-04-22 2021-04-22 Solar Stirling power generation integrated equipment Active CN112983769B (en)

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CN102192114B (en) * 2011-05-24 2012-11-28 武汉凯迪工程技术研究总院有限公司 Disc-type solar stirling engine power generating device capable of operating continuously day and night
CN2597893Y (en) * 2002-12-23 2004-01-07 中国科学院电工研究所 Solar energy-gas mixed heat absorber
CN102062016A (en) * 2010-12-06 2011-05-18 唐大伟 High-temperature sodium heat pipe heat collector for solar disc type thermal power generation system
CN102128149A (en) * 2011-02-25 2011-07-20 上海齐耀动力技术有限公司 Phosgene-complementary disc-type sterling solar power generation device
CN202645895U (en) * 2012-05-23 2013-01-02 华电电力科学研究院 Solar-gas complementary disc type sterling solar energy heat and power cogeneration device
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