CN112976548A - Forming method of special-shaped polyurethane protective cover - Google Patents
Forming method of special-shaped polyurethane protective cover Download PDFInfo
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- CN112976548A CN112976548A CN202110189135.7A CN202110189135A CN112976548A CN 112976548 A CN112976548 A CN 112976548A CN 202110189135 A CN202110189135 A CN 202110189135A CN 112976548 A CN112976548 A CN 112976548A
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- protective cover
- polyurethane protective
- heating
- polyurethane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/26—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C51/42—Heating or cooling
- B29C51/421—Heating or cooling of preforms, specially adapted for thermoforming
- B29C51/422—Heating or cooling of preforms, specially adapted for thermoforming to produce a temperature differential
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/14—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor using multilayered preforms or sheets
Abstract
The invention discloses a molding method of a special-shaped polyurethane protective cover, wherein the polyurethane protective cover sequentially comprises a polyurethane elastomer film, an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a release film from top to bottom, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1: heating: heating the double sides or the single side of the polyurethane protective cover; s2: forming by positive and negative air pressure: placing the polyurethane protective cover processed in the step S1 between molds for positive and negative air pressure molding; s3: cooling and demolding: and (3) cooling, and then performing pneumatic demoulding to obtain the special-shaped polyurethane protective cover. The invention adopts the air pressure heat mode to directly and integrally form on the finished product sheet of the polyurethane protective cover with the multilayer structure, and the profiled polyurethane protective cover is attached to the profiled part of the airplane through the gum after the release film is torn off in the actual anti-corrosion protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of integral forming processes of polyurethane protective films with multilayer structures, and particularly relates to a forming method of a polyurethane protective cover for curved special-shaped parts with high linear velocity, such as an airplane radome, an antenna wingtip leading edge, a helicopter propeller tip and an undercarriage.
Background
The radar device of the airplane is generally arranged at the most front end of the airplane, is easily damaged by the impact of birds, stones and hailstones in flight and is also easily corroded by rainwater or sand; the helicopter has unique performance, can effectively implement accurate striking on ground targets and ultra-low-altitude targets, is another important conventional weapon after artillery, tank, airplane and missile, and has irreplaceable status and function in modern war. At present, helicopter rotor blades are mostly designed by adopting full composite materials, and under the environments of coastal areas, sand stones, rain, snow and the like, the blades rotating at high speed are easy to be impacted by the sand stones to cause the front edges of the composite material blades to generate surface pits and large-range internal cracking and layering, so that the bearing capacity is reduced, and the structural integrity of the composite material is influenced; the front edge of the antenna wing end is in a shape like a knife edge, and is particularly easy to be corroded by rain and wind to cause paint falling and matrix corrosion, so that the flight safety of an airplane is threatened. The parts have the characteristics of high linear speed of the airplane, easy abrasion and corrosion, irregular shape, difficult long-term protection and frequent maintenance, the effectiveness of a polyurethane protective cover on the surface of the airplane is proved at present, and how to be applied to the key corrosion parts is a problem which needs to be solved urgently.
The surface paint layer and the base material of the curved surface special-shaped parts with large linear velocity, such as the airplane radome, the leading edge of the antenna wing tip, the helicopter tip and the like, are more easily worn and corroded by wind, rain, snow, hail, gravel and the like. The airplane parts are all curved surface special-shaped parts, the polyurethane protective cover belongs to an elastomer, the elongation is about 500%, and the polyurethane protective cover is easy to recover and wrinkle after being stretched and is difficult to be installed on the surface of a base material. However, the ultra-thin, high-strength and weather-resistant polyurethane protective cover has gradually become an important protective material for the surface of the airplane body, and how to completely cover the elastomer polyurethane protective cover on the curved surface irregular parts in a secondary forming manner is a technical problem that needs to be solved by the technical staff in the field.
The current state of the art solutions include preforming and die cutting. The die cutting process can be used for manufacturing a die cutting plate according to a pre-designed pattern and cutting the die cutting plate, so that the shape of the printed matter is not limited to a straight edge and a right angle. The die cutting process flow comprises the steps of arranging cutters, loading a plate, setting machine pressure, adjusting rule, pasting sponge rubber, testing pressure and die cutting, adjusting pressure, formally die cutting and waste removing. The die-cutting material for processing is rubber, single-sided or double-sided tape, foam, plastic, vinyl, silicon, metal thin tape, metal sheet, optical film, protective film, gauze, hot-melt adhesive tape, silica gel, etc. Preforming is an operation of previously pressing a powder or fibrous molding material into a certain shape in order to improve the quality of a product, to improve the molding efficiency, and the like.
However, the die cutting is only suitable for the forming mode of the limited curve radian of the polyurethane film, and the part with overlarge curvature cannot be formed by the die cutting; the preform molds are expensive, with larger sizes being more expensive. And the stability of the mechanical property of the polyurethane film is difficult to ensure in the production process from powder to the film with a certain shape, the later installation process can only be realized by a glue brushing mode, the uniformity and the period are long, and the peeling strength is poor.
How to install the polyurethane safety cover on the aircraft has great curved surface dysmorphism position of camber, fully protects the position that linear velocity is high, the easy wearing and tearing corrode, prolongs the live time of aircraft, reduces the maintenance cost, this is the problem that needs to solve in this field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a molding method of a special-shaped polyurethane protective cover, which adopts a pneumatic hot mode to directly mold a finished product sheet of the polyurethane protective cover, and then tears off release paper to be directly assembled on an airplane protective cover with a special-shaped curved surface.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a molding method of a special-shaped polyurethane protective cover is characterized in that the polyurethane protective cover is a finished product sheet and sequentially comprises a polyurethane elastomer film, an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a release film from top to bottom, and comprises the following steps:
s1: heating: heating the whole single face or double faces of the polyurethane protective cover with the multilayer structure;
s2: forming by positive and negative air pressure: placing the polyurethane protective cover processed in the step S1 between molds for positive and negative air pressure molding;
s3: cooling and demolding: and (3) cooling, and then performing pneumatic demoulding to obtain the special-shaped polyurethane protective cover.
Preferably, in the step S1, the polyurethane protective cover is heated at the same time in a double-sided partition manner for 5 to 20S.
Further preferably, the upper surface of the polyurethane protective cover is divided into 3 heating regions, which specifically include a first region, a second region and a third region, wherein the voltage value of the heating brick in the first region is 70-90V, the voltage value of the heating brick in the second region is 90-120V, and the voltage value of the heating brick in the third region is 100-150V;
the lower surface of the polyurethane protective cover is divided into 3 heating areas, specifically comprising a fourth area, a fifth area and a sixth area, wherein the voltage value of the heating brick in the fourth area is 70-90V, the voltage value of the heating brick in the fifth area is 50-70V, and the voltage value of the heating brick in the sixth area is 80-100V.
Preferably, the step S3 specifically includes: naturally cooling, air cooling or water mist cooling, and then demoulding to take out the special-shaped polyurethane protective cover.
Preferably, the thickness of the polyurethane elastomer film is 0.4 to 1 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive layer is 0.04 to 0.1 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the release film is 0.05-0.08 mm.
Preferably, the acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive layer has a solid content of 45% to 55%.
Preferably, the release film is a PVC, PE or PET release film.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
the invention adopts a single-side heating or double-side heating positive and negative pressure molding mode to directly mold the finished product sheet of the polyurethane protective cover, and then the release film is torn off to be directly assembled. The obtained polyurethane protective cover is suitable for secondary forming of polyurethane protective covers with various curved surfaces, radians and depths; the method is also suitable for integral molding of a product compounded by three layers of a polyurethane elastomer film, an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive and a release film; the method provided by the invention can be used for directly processing and molding the polyurethane protective cover into a curved surface shape with larger curvature, such as a radar cover, a blade tip and the like, directly tearing off the release film, perfectly attaching the release film to the airplane protective cover to be protected without brushing glue, and has the advantages of wide range of airplane protective parts, strong attachment and better anticorrosion protection effect. Therefore, compared with the existing die cutting process, the die cutting machine can be assembled in a curved surface shape with larger curvature, and the production efficiency and the installation efficiency are greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a molding process for applying the polyurethane sock of example 1 of the present invention to a radar sock;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a protective sheath of a radar cover according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the upper surface heating zones of the polyurethane cover according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a lower surface heating zone of a polyurethane protective cover according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of blade tip formation in example 2 of the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 1-polyurethane elastomeric film; 2-acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive layer; 3-a release film.
Detailed Description
The following describes the forming method of the profiled polyurethane protective cover according to the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims.
Referring to fig. 2 and 5, the special-shaped polyurethane protective cover is a finished sheet and sequentially comprises a polyurethane elastomer film 1, an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 and a release film 3 from top to bottom, wherein the thickness of the polyurethane elastomer film 1 is 0.4-1mm, the thickness of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 is 0.04-0.1mm, the thickness of the release film 3 is 0.05-0.08mm, the solid content of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 is 45-55%, and the release film 3 is a PVC, PE or PET release film.
The molding method comprises the following steps:
s1: heating: heating the double sides or the single side of the polyurethane protective cover by adopting a plastic suction forming machine;
s2: forming by positive and negative air pressure: placing the polyurethane protective cover processed in the step S1 between moulds for positive and negative pressure molding;
s3: cooling and demolding: and (3) demolding after cooling, wherein the cooling mode can be natural cooling, air cooling or water mist cooling.
Since the softening and melting temperatures of each film layer are different, Table 1 shows the softening and melting temperatures of the respective film layers
TABLE 1 softening and melting temperatures of the various film layers of the polyurethane protective cover
Therefore, when the polyurethane protective cover is formed by adopting an air pressure heat mode, a single surface heating mode is needed in some cases, and a double surface heating mode is needed in some cases, and materials and composition structures are selected according to all film layers.
Example 1
The radar protection sleeve is applied to a radar protection sleeve, the radar protection sleeve is in a curved surface shape with a larger curved surface radius, two surfaces are heated in a partitioning mode simultaneously, and the heating time is 5-20S. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the forming process applied to the radar protection sleeve is as follows:
s1: heating: heating the double sides of the polyurethane protective cover double furnaces in a partition manner by adopting a plastic suction forming machine;
s2: forming by positive and negative air pressure: placing the polyurethane protective cover processed in the step S1 between moulds for positive and negative pressure molding;
s3: water mist cooling
S4: and (3) pneumatically demolding to obtain the special-shaped polyurethane protective cover, and cutting the product in practical application, namely, the product is transversely cut.
Referring to fig. 3, the upper surface of the polyurethane protective cover is divided into 3 heating regions, which specifically include a first region, a second region and a third region, wherein the first region is a portion framed by a solid line in fig. 3, i.e., four corner positions in the figure, the second region is a portion framed by no frame line in the figure, the third region is a portion framed by a dashed line, and a middle dotted line portion, wherein a voltage value of a heating brick in the first region is 70-90V, a voltage value of a heating brick in the second region is 90-120V, and a voltage value of a heating brick in the third region is 100-150V;
referring to fig. 4, the lower surface of the polyurethane protective cover is divided into 3 heating regions, which specifically include a fourth region, a fifth region and a sixth region, the region of the black solid line frame column is the fourth region, the portion of the dotted line frame column is the fifth region, and the region without the frame line is the sixth region, wherein the voltage value of the heating brick in the fourth region is 70-90V, the voltage value of the heating brick in the fifth region is 50-70V, and the voltage value of the heating brick in the sixth region is 80-100V. The division of the upper and lower surface heating areas of the protective film can be specifically divided according to specific conditions.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 5, the difference between the molding process of the polyurethane protective cover applied to the blade and the example 1 is that single-sided heating is adopted to heat the surface of the release film, the voltage value is 100-.
The protective covers are slightly different in installation due to different materials of the blades, and a double-layer protection design is adopted for the metal blades. The inner layer of the blade adopts a polyurethane protective cover with the thickness of 0.5-0.7mm, and the outer layer of the blade adopts a polyurethane protective cover with the thickness of 0.3-0.5 mm. The inlayer adopts whole rectangular design direct mount, and the paddle substrate is pressed close to the inlayer, and paddle substrate surface can need not japanning, also can japanning directly attached on the paddle surface. The inner layer is mainly used for isolating air, water vapor and other corrosive substances and better protecting a metal paddle base material; the outer layer is used as a protective layer directly contacting with a corrosive medium, and is installed by adopting a block installation design with the length of 25-30cm and the width of 10-12cm, and the design is that the helicopter can be immediately replaced when a certain area is worn and corroded during the task execution of the helicopter. And after the die sinking of the blade tip part is carried out according to a design digital model, preforming to design a protective sleeve for installation.
For the composite material blade, only a layer of polyurethane protective cover with the thickness of 0.3-0.5mm needs to be installed due to the corrosion resistance of the composite material. The mounting mode adopts a block mounting design with the length of 25-30cm and the width of 10-12cm, and the design is that when the helicopter performs a task, a certain area can be immediately replaced when being worn and corroded, and an epoxy sealant is used for sealing an edge gap.
Due to the special shape of the blade tip and the maximum linear speed of the whole blade, the blade needs to be preformed according to a blade tip digital model and installed outside the blade tip. When the blade tip needs to be treated by using an adhesive promoter during installation and then installed, the adhesive strength after attachment can be further improved. Or a high-temperature-resistant polyurethane protective cover (with the thickness of 0.5-0.8mm) can be used during design and manufacture, and the protective cover is mounted inside blade resin after being subjected to secondary forming in a high-temperature curing mode.
The part with the highest line speed on the airplane is particularly easily damaged by external environments such as wind erosion, rain erosion, sand erosion and the like. Due to its unique profile and aerodynamics-designed shape, the protective film cover cannot be attached flat to its surface. According to the invention, the elastomer base material is processed into the protective sleeve which can be completely attached to the special-shaped surface of the airplane through the specific method in a design and secondary forming mode and the processes of heating, positive and negative pressure blowing and sucking, air cooling, water cooling and the like, so that the special-shaped structure surface which is high in surface linear velocity, easy to wear and easy to paint-dropping and corrode is protected, and the purposes of prolonging the service life of the airplane and reducing maintenance are achieved.
The invention combines the concept of plastic suction molding of hard thick plates, designs equipment and a process of the soft elastomer film material which conforms to a multilayer composite structure, finally carries out secondary molding and curing on the soft elastomer film material through continuous debugging and groping, processes the soft elastomer film material into various required special-shaped structure sets, and realizes the attachment protection of the easy-to-wear parts on the surface of the airplane.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, it is still within the scope of the present invention if they fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A molding method of a special-shaped polyurethane protective cover is characterized in that the polyurethane protective cover sequentially comprises a polyurethane elastomer film, an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a release film from top to bottom, and the molding method comprises the following steps:
s1: heating: heating the whole single face or double faces of the polyurethane protective cover;
s2: forming by positive and negative air pressure: placing the polyurethane protective cover processed in the step S1 between molds for positive and negative air pressure molding;
s3: cooling and demolding: and (3) cooling, and then performing pneumatic demoulding to obtain the special-shaped polyurethane protective cover.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the polyurethane protective cover is heated simultaneously in two-sided regions in step S1 for 5-20S.
3. The molding method of the profiled polyurethane protective cover as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper surface of the polyurethane protective cover is divided into 3 heating regions, specifically comprising a first region, a second region and a third region, the voltage value of the heating brick in the first region is 70-90V, the voltage value of the heating brick in the second region is 90-120V, and the voltage value of the heating brick in the third region is 100-150V;
the lower surface of the polyurethane protective cover is divided into 3 heating areas, specifically comprising a fourth area, a fifth area and a sixth area, wherein the voltage value of the heating brick in the fourth area is 70-90V, the voltage value of the heating brick in the fifth area is 50-70V, and the voltage value of the heating brick in the sixth area is 80-100V.
4. The method for molding a shaped polyurethane protective cover according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 specifically comprises: naturally cooling, air cooling or water mist cooling, and then demoulding to take out the special-shaped polyurethane protective cover.
5. The method of forming a shaped polyurethane protective cover according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the polyurethane elastomer film is 0.4 to 1 mm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive layer has a thickness of 0.04-0.1 mm.
7. The molding method of the profiled polyurethane protective cover according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the release film is 0.05-0.08 mm.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive layer has a solid content of 45% to 55%.
9. The method for forming a shaped polyurethane protective cover according to claim 1, wherein the release film is PVC, PE or PET release film.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110189135.7A CN112976548A (en) | 2021-02-19 | 2021-02-19 | Forming method of special-shaped polyurethane protective cover |
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| CN202110189135.7A CN112976548A (en) | 2021-02-19 | 2021-02-19 | Forming method of special-shaped polyurethane protective cover |
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| CN112976548A true CN112976548A (en) | 2021-06-18 |
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2021
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