CN112975404A - Device and method for machining semi-conical wave-transparent radome - Google Patents
Device and method for machining semi-conical wave-transparent radome Download PDFInfo
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- CN112975404A CN112975404A CN202110187519.5A CN202110187519A CN112975404A CN 112975404 A CN112975404 A CN 112975404A CN 202110187519 A CN202110187519 A CN 202110187519A CN 112975404 A CN112975404 A CN 112975404A
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for processing a semi-conical wave-transparent radome, and particularly relates to a device and a method for processing a semi-conical wave-transparent radome with a complex structure and a ceramic matrix composite material with high precision and high efficiency. Aiming at the structural characteristics of the wave-transparent radome, a processing process route is formulated and optimized, and a scheme of whole radome turning, whole radome subdivision and half radome matching surface milling is formed; a special processing device is designed, so that the processing efficiency is obviously improved while the processing precision is ensured; aiming at the complex structure of the mortise and tenon slot in the cover body, the feed path for linear driving multi-tool parallel processing is adopted, and the machining of a five-axis machining process on a three-axis machine tool is realized. By the process method, the problems of high positioning difficulty, low machining efficiency and difficulty in machining of complex tenon-and-mortise structures in the machining process of workpieces are solved, high-precision machining of meter-level large-size wave-transparent half covers is broken through, and important guarantee is provided for development and production of series models of workpieces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining of ceramic matrix composite materials, and relates to a device and a method for machining a large-size complex-structure semi-conical wave-transparent radome, in particular to a device and a method for machining a complex-structure semi-conical wave-transparent radome made of ceramic matrix composite materials with high precision and high efficiency.
Background
The complex-structure semi-conical wave-transparent radome is an open thin-wall structural member, a machining surface is used as a matching surface, the precision requirement is high, but a workpiece blank does not have an accurate positioning reference surface and a reliable clamping molded surface, so that the structural precision is difficult to ensure; in addition, the wave-transmitting radome is generally made of a continuous fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material, and due to the high brittleness, high hardness and high wear resistance of the ceramic material, the defects of edge breakage, microcrack and the like are easy to occur in the machining process, and the machining difficulty is high.
In summary, the following technical difficulties mainly exist in the existing processing method of the conical wave-transmitting radome:
(1) the workpieces are in an open semi-conical structure, the machining surfaces are used as matching surfaces and need to be matched with a plurality of workpieces, the machining precision requirement is high, and concave wedge-shaped mortise and tenon structures are arranged on two sides of the inner profile surfaces of the workpieces, so that the machining difficulty is high, and the precision requirement is high;
(2) the workpiece adopts a processing scheme of copying a non-reference blank, the workpiece and a tool cannot be accurately positioned, the condition of the profile and the thickness allowance of the workpiece can be determined only by repeated measurement and multiple trial cutting, the processing efficiency is low, and the risk of size out-of-tolerance is high;
(3) the workpiece profiling blank is a large-size thin-wall part, large deformation is easy to occur in the clamping and machining processes, the machining precision is seriously influenced, and the precision requirement cannot be met after the workpiece is machined.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provides a device and a method for processing a semi-conical wave-transparent radome.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a machining device for a semi-conical wave-transparent radome comprises an outer profile turning tool, an inner profile turning tool and a splitting and semi-radome milling tool;
the semi-conical wave-transparent radome blank workpiece to be processed is of a truncated cone-shaped hollow structure and comprises a small end face, an outer molded surface, a large end face and an inner molded surface;
the outer profile turning tool comprises a positioning part, a clamping part, a pull ring and a pressure plate, wherein the positioning part is in a hollow circular truncated cone shape, is consistent with the shape of the inner profile of a workpiece and is used for being matched with the inner profile of the workpiece; the clamping component is connected with an external machine tool, so that the tool is positioned on the machine tool; the pull ring is connected with the clamping part to clamp the outer profile of the workpiece; the pressure plate is connected with the positioning part and used for pressing the small end surface of the workpiece;
the inner profile turning tool comprises a positioning component, a clamping component, an alignment component and a pressure plate, wherein the positioning component is in a hollow round table shape, is consistent with the shape of the outer profile of a workpiece and is used for being matched with the outer profile of the workpiece; the clamping component is connected with an external machine tool, so that the tool is positioned on the machine tool; the alignment component is annular, so that the outer profile of the workpiece is clamped, and the alignment precision of the tool is ensured; the pressure plate is annular and is tightly attached to the large end face of the product, so that stable clamping of the workpiece and the tool is ensured, and the clamping force can be controlled;
the subdivision and half-cover milling tool comprises an external profiling compression ring, an internal profiling supporting component and a positioning supporting component; the external profiling pressure ring and the positioning support component are respectively in a semi-circular shape, and after two ends of the semi-circular ring of the external profiling pressure ring are fixed with two ends of the semi-circular ring of the positioning support component, the external profile of the workpiece is ensured to be stably attached to the tool; the internal profiling supporting component is in a disc shape, is arranged in the inner cavity of the workpiece, is attached to the inner profile of the workpiece and supports the workpiece.
Furthermore, the positioning and supporting parts of the splitting and half-cover milling tool are of multi-section structures with sizes matched with the outer surface of the workpiece, and are connected through the hollow frame, so that the weight of the tool is reduced.
Furthermore, the outer profiling compression ring of the subdivision and half-cover milling tool and the two ends of the positioning support component are both provided with lug pieces, and the outer profiling compression ring and the positioning support component are fixedly connected through the lug pieces.
Furthermore, the internal profiling supporting component of the splitting and half-cover milling tool is a multi-section disc, and the multi-section discs are connected through a shaft.
Furthermore, holes are formed in the internal profiling supporting component, so that the weight of the tool can be reduced, and the product is prevented from being crushed.
Furthermore, a groove is formed in the internal profiling supporting component of the splitting and half-cover milling tool, the direction of the groove is the same as the moving direction of the splitting turning tool, and the turning tool is prevented from being damaged.
Furthermore, in the outer profile turning tool, the positioning part and the pull ring are made of cast aluminum; the clamping component and the pressing plate are made of 316L stainless steel.
Further, in the inner profile turning tool, the clamping component and the alignment component are made of 316L stainless steel; the positioning component and the pressing plate are made of cast aluminum.
Further, the inner profile turning tool further comprises a protective cap, wherein the protective cap is conical in end socket shape and is positioned at the small end face, so that the product is prevented from being collided while the positioning of the product is ensured; the material used for the protective cap is nylon.
Furthermore, in the subdivision and half-cover milling tool, the external profiling compression ring and the internal profiling supporting component are made of hard aluminum materials; the positioning support component is made of hard aluminum materials, and nylon flexible materials are embedded on the surface of the positioning support component.
A processing method of a semi-conical wave-transparent radome is realized by adopting the processing device of the semi-conical wave-transparent radome, and comprises the following steps:
s1 rough machining of the outer surface, the large end face and the small end face: fitting the inner profile of the workpiece with a positioning part of a special tool for turning the outer profile, pressing the outer profile of the workpiece through a pull ring, pressing the small end face of the workpiece through a pressure plate, ensuring that the workpiece is assembled in place, roughly machining by adopting an external turning tool, and keeping machining allowance on the outer profile, the large end face and the small end face to ensure that the large end face is vertical to the outer profile;
s2 rough machining of the inner profile: attaching the outer profile of the workpiece obtained in the step S1 to a positioning part of an inner profile turning tool, clamping a small end face of the workpiece by a clamping part, clamping the middle part of the workpiece by an alignment part, roughly turning the inner profile of the workpiece by using an inner circle turning tool on the basis of the outer profile and the large end face of the workpiece obtained in the step S1, and reserving machining allowance on the inner profile;
s3 finish machining of the outer profile, the large end face and the small end face: repeating the step S1, and performing finish machining on the outer molded surface, the large end face (15) and the small end face;
s4 internal profile finishing: repeating the step S3, and performing finish machining on the inner molded surface of the workpiece to ensure the coaxiality and the verticality of the workpiece;
s5 whole cover splitting machining: the lower half part of the workpiece obtained in the step S4 is attached to a positioning support part of a splitting and half-cover milling tool, an internal profiling support part is arranged in an inner cavity of the workpiece to support an inner profile of the workpiece, an external profiling pressure ring is matched with the positioning support part to fix an outer profile of the workpiece, align the large end face of the workpiece, perform sectioning processing along the central section of the workpiece in a segmenting mode, and divide the upper part and the lower part of the workpiece into two parts;
and (3) processing a matching surface of S6 and mortise and tenon joints: and (5) attaching the outer profile of one of the workpieces obtained in the step (S5) to a positioning support part of the splitting and half-cover milling tool, aligning the large end face of the workpiece, and milling the matching surface of the workpiece and the mortise and tenon joint structure.
Further, in step S5, the gap between the outer profile of the workpiece and the positioning support member is guaranteed to be less than or equal to 0.2 mm; when the large end face of the workpiece is aligned, a dial indicator is used for marking the alignment, and the straightness of the large end face along the Y direction and the Z direction is guaranteed to be less than or equal to 0.05 mm.
Further, when the workpiece is split in the step S5, a method of verifying the position of the cut and performing back-segmentation bidirectional splitting is adopted, a bearing connection area is reserved on the outermost side of the large end face and the outermost side of the small end face, after a part of area is split, the bearing connection area is subjected to micro-splitting after the joint is internally reinforced, so that the workpiece can complete splitting of the remaining area on the basis of firm connection, and accurate positioning of the splitting position and the width of the cut is ensured.
Further, when the workpiece is split in the step S5, after more than 98% of the area of the workpiece is cut off, the bearing connection area is subjected to micro-splitting after the joint is internally reinforced, so that the workpiece can be split in the remaining area on the basis of firm connection; the joint-cutting internal reinforcing method adopts the same material as the workpiece for reinforcement.
Further, in step S6, the mortise and tenon slot is processed according to the linear driving multi-tool parallel feed path.
Furthermore, the obtained semi-conical wave-transmitting radome is of a semi-conical structure split along the axial direction, the length is larger than 1200mm, the diameter of the large end face is larger than 500mm, and a 30-50-degree mortise and tenon groove is formed in the split face along a profile contour line and can be connected with other structural parts.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention optimizes the cutting processing technical scheme aiming at the problems of difficult clamping and positioning, large processing deformation, low processing precision/efficiency and the like of the workpiece profiling blank in the cutting processing process, and forms the scheme of whole cover turning processing, whole cover subdivision processing and half cover matching surface milling processing; and secondly, part of the numerical control milling process is adjusted to be a numerical control turning process, so that the processing efficiency and the processing precision of the workpiece are greatly improved, and an accurate positioning reference and a processing reference are provided for the subsequent milling process.
(2) A reasonable process method is formulated, and the whole cover is accurately divided into two parts. Aiming at the characteristics of small allowance of a notch position, high requirement on position precision and the like in the whole cover dividing process, the special tool for the whole cover dividing is designed, the notch position is verified before dividing, segmented bidirectional bisection is carried out, a process connecting area is reserved on the outermost side of the large end face and the outermost side of the small end face, and micro-dissection is carried out on the process connecting area, so that the purpose that the 'one-section-two' of the whole cover is realized is achieved.
(3) According to the invention, aiming at the problem that the rear half-cover of the whole-cover split is easy to deform, the high-precision external profiling supporting tool is designed, the contact area between a workpiece and the tool is increased, the consistency of the workpiece in a pressing state and a free state is effectively ensured, and the high-precision machining of the workpiece assembling surface is realized.
(4) Aiming at the concave wedge-shaped mortise and tenon groove structure on two sides of the inner profile surface of the workpiece, the mortise and tenon groove is processed by adopting a linear driving multi-tool parallel processing feed path, so that the production cost is obviously reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a processing flow chart of a semi-conical wave-transparent radome of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a tooling for an outer profile of a semi-conical wave-transparent radome according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a tooling for an inner molded surface of a semi-conical wave-transparent radome according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a semi-conical wave-transparent radome subdivision and semi-radome milling tool according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a semi-conical wave-transparent radome blank according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a half-cone wave-transparent radome of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and appreciated from the following detailed description of the invention.
The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
A machining device for a semi-conical wave-transparent radome comprises an outer profile turning tool, an inner profile turning tool and a splitting and semi-radome milling tool;
the semi-conical wave-transparent radome blank workpiece to be processed is of a truncated cone-shaped hollow structure and comprises a small end surface 13, an outer molded surface 14, a large end surface 15 and an inner molded surface 16; the outer molded surface 14 is the outer side surface of a truncated cone-shaped blank; the inner molded surface 16 is the inner side surface of a truncated cone-shaped blank; the small end face 13 is a small bottom face of the circular truncated cone blank; the large end face 15 is a large bottom face of the circular truncated cone blank.
The outer profile turning tool comprises a positioning component 1, a clamping component 2, a pull ring 3 and a pressure plate 4, wherein the positioning component 1 is in a hollow truncated cone shape, is consistent with the shape of a workpiece inner profile 16 and is used for being matched with the workpiece inner profile 16; the clamping component 2 is connected with an external machine tool, so that the tool is positioned on the machine tool; the pull ring 3 is connected with the clamping part 2 to clamp the outer profile of the workpiece; the pressure plate 4 is connected with the positioning part 1 and compresses the small end surface 13 of the workpiece; the clamping component 2 and the positioning component 1 are coaxial, and the coaxiality is less than or equal to 0.02;
the inner profile turning tool comprises a positioning component 5, a clamping component 6, an alignment component 7 and a pressure plate 8, wherein the positioning component 5 is in a hollow truncated cone shape, is consistent with the shape of the outer profile 14 of the workpiece and is used for being matched with the outer profile 14 of the workpiece; the clamping component 6 is connected with an external machine tool, so that the tool is positioned on the machine tool; the alignment component 7 is annular, clamps the outer profile 14 of the workpiece and ensures the alignment precision of the tool; the pressure plate 8 is annular and is tightly attached to the large end face 15 of the product, so that stable clamping of the workpiece and the tool is ensured, and clamping force can be controlled; the alignment component 7, the positioning component 5 and the clamping component 6 are coaxial, and the coaxiality is less than or equal to 0.02 mm.
The subdivision and half-cover milling tool comprises an external profiling compression ring 10, an internal profiling supporting component 11 and a positioning supporting component 12; the external profiling compression ring 10 and the positioning support part 12 are respectively in a semicircular shape, and after the two semicircular ends of the external profiling compression ring 10 and the two semicircular ends of the positioning support part 12 are fixed, the external profile 15 of the workpiece is ensured to be stably attached to the tool; the internal profiling support component 11 is disc-shaped and is arranged in the inner cavity of the workpiece, is attached to the inner profile 16 of the workpiece and supports the workpiece.
Furthermore, the positioning and supporting part 12 of the splitting and half-cover milling tool is of a multi-section structure with the size matched with the outer profile 14 of the workpiece, and the positioning and supporting part is connected through a hollow frame, so that the weight of the tool is reduced.
Furthermore, the two ends of the external profiling compression ring 10 and the two ends of the positioning support component 12 of the subdivision and half-cover milling tool are both provided with lug pieces, and the external profiling compression ring 10 and the positioning support component 12 are fixedly connected through the lug pieces.
Further, the internal profiling supporting component 11 of the splitting and half-cover milling tool is a multi-section disc, and the multi-section discs are connected through a shaft.
Furthermore, holes are formed in the internal profiling supporting part 11 of the splitting and half-cover milling tool, so that the weight of the tool can be reduced, and products can be prevented from being crushed.
Furthermore, a groove is formed in the inner profiling supporting component 11 of the splitting and half-cover milling tool, the direction of the groove is the same as the moving direction of the splitting turning tool, and the turning tool is prevented from being damaged.
Further, in the outer profile turning tool, the positioning part 1 and the pull ring 3 are made of cast aluminum; the clamping component 2 and the pressing plate 4 are made of 316L stainless steel.
Further, in the inner profile turning tool, the clamping component 6 and the alignment component 7 are made of 316L stainless steel; the positioning component 5 and the pressure plate 8 are made of cast aluminum.
Further, the inner profile turning tool further comprises a protective cap 9, wherein the protective cap 9 is conical in end socket and is positioned at the small end face, so that the product is prevented from being collided while the product is positioned; the material of the protective cap 9 is nylon.
Further, in the subdivision and half-cover milling tool, the external profiling compression ring 10 and the internal profiling supporting component 11 are made of hard aluminum materials; the positioning support part 12 is made of hard aluminum material, and nylon flexible material is embedded on the surface of the positioning support part.
A processing method of a semi-conical wave-transparent radome is realized by adopting the processing device of the semi-conical wave-transparent radome, and comprises the following steps:
s1 rough machining of the outer surface, the large end face and the small end face: attaching the inner profile 16 of the workpiece to the positioning part 1 of the special outer profile turning tool, pressing the outer profile 14 of the workpiece through the pull ring 3, pressing the small end face 13 of the workpiece through the pressure plate 4 to ensure that the workpiece is assembled in place, roughly machining by adopting a diamond cylindrical lathe tool, reserving machining allowance on the outer profile 14, the large end face 15 and the small end face 13, and ensuring that the large end face 15 is vertical to the outer profile 14;
s2 rough machining of the inner profile: attaching the outer profile 14 of the workpiece obtained in the step S1 to the positioning component 5 of the inner profile turning tool, clamping the small end face 13 of the workpiece by the clamping component 6, clamping the middle part of the workpiece by the aligning component 7, and ensuring the processing precision of the workpiece, wherein the outer profile 14 and the large end face 15 of the workpiece obtained in the step S1 are used as references, the inner profile 16 of the workpiece is roughly turned by using an inner turning tool, and the processing allowance is reserved in the inner profile 16;
s3 finish machining of the outer profile, the large end face and the small end face: repeating the step S1, and performing finish machining on the outer molded surface 14, the large end surface 15 and the small end surface 13 to ensure the requirements of the drawing size and the precision of the workpiece;
s4 internal profile finishing: repeating the step S3, and performing finish machining on the inner molded surface 16 of the workpiece to ensure the coaxiality and the verticality of the workpiece;
s5 whole cover splitting machining: the lower half part of the workpiece obtained in the step S4 is attached to a positioning support part 12 of a splitting and half-cover milling tool, an internal profiling support part 11 is arranged in the inner cavity of the workpiece to support the inner profile 16 of the workpiece, an external profiling pressure ring 10 is matched with the positioning support part 12 to fix the outer profile 14 of the workpiece, align the large end surface 15 of the workpiece, perform sectioning processing along the central section of the workpiece in a segmenting mode, and divide the workpiece into two parts;
and (3) matching surface and shape-following mortise and tenon machining of S6: and (5) attaching the outer molded surface 14 of one of the workpieces obtained in the step (S5) to the positioning and supporting component 12 of the splitting and half-cover milling tool, aligning the large end surface of the workpiece, milling the matching surface and the mortise and tenon structure of the workpiece, and ensuring the drawing size and the assembly requirement of the workpiece.
Further, in step S5, the clearance between the outer profile of the workpiece and the positioning support member 12 is guaranteed to be less than or equal to 0.2 mm; when the large end face 15 of the workpiece is aligned, a dial indicator method is adopted to ensure that the straightness of the large end face 15 along the Y direction and the Z direction is less than or equal to 0.05 mm.
Further, when the workpiece is split in the step S5, a method of verifying the position of the cut and performing post-segmentation bidirectional splitting is adopted, a bearing connection area is reserved on the outermost side of the large end face 15 and the outermost side of the small end face 13, after a part of area is split, the bearing connection area is subjected to micro-splitting after the joint is internally reinforced, so that the workpiece can be split in the remaining area on the basis of firm connection, and the accurate positioning of the splitting position and the width of the cut is ensured.
Further, when the workpiece is split in the step S5, after more than 98% of the area of the workpiece is cut off, the bearing connection area is subjected to micro-splitting after the joint is internally reinforced, so that the workpiece can be split in the remaining area on the basis of firm connection; the joint-cutting internal reinforcing method adopts the same material as the workpiece for reinforcement.
Further, in step S6, the mortise and tenon slot is processed according to the linear driving multi-tool parallel feed path.
The obtained semi-conical wave-transmitting radome is of a semi-conical structure which is split along the axial direction, the length is more than 1200mm, the diameter of a large end face is more than 500mm, and a 30-50-degree mortise and tenon groove is formed in the splitting face along a profile contour line and can be connected with other structural members.
Example 1
The processing object is a ceramic matrix composite material complex structure semi-conical wave-transparent radome blank shown in figure 5, and the processing flow is shown in figure 1, and the processing method comprises the following steps:
(1) rough machining of an outer surface, a large end surface and a small end surface: and turning the outer profile of the workpiece by using the outer profile turning tool, as shown in fig. 2, and roughly turning the outer profile of the workpiece, the large end face and the small end face. The circle run-out of the large end face and the small end face of the external constraint surface machining device is not more than 0.1mm, the allowance of one side of the workpiece in the length direction after the workpiece is machined is not less than 5mm, the allowance of the external surface in the thickness direction is not less than 1mm, and the perpendicularity of the external cone axis and the large end face is not more than 0.1 mm.
(2) Rough machining of an inner molded surface: the inner profile of the workpiece is rough turned using an inner profile turning apparatus, as shown in fig. 3. The inner cavity circular runout of the constraint inner profile machining device is not more than 0.1mm, the runout of the end face of the large end of the workpiece is not more than 0.1mm, and the allowance in the thickness direction of the machined inner profile is not less than 1 mm.
(3) Finish machining of an outer molded surface, a large end surface and a small end surface: finish turning the outer profile, the large end face and the small end face of the workpiece by using an outer profile turning tool to ensure that the circular runout of the large end and the small end of the machined workpiece is not more than 0.05mm, the runout of the large end face is not more than 0.1mm, the precision of the length direction is not more than 0.4mm, the precision of the taper angle of the outer profile is not more than 1', the diameter precision of the large end is not more than 0.4mm, and the verticality between the large end face and the outer profile axis is not more than 0.1 mm;
(4) finishing the inner profile: and utilizing an inner profile turning tool to finish turning the inner profile of the workpiece. Ensuring that the circular runout of the inner cavity of the workpiece is not more than 0.05mm, the runout of the end face of the big end is not more than 0.1mm, the precision of the inner diameter of the big end is not more than 0.4mm, the thickness precision is not more than 0.2mm, the coaxiality of the inner profile and the outer profile is not more than 0.25mm, and the verticality of the inner profile and the end face of the big end is not more than 0.25 mm;
(5) and (3) whole cover subdivision processing: by using the splitting tool and the milling tool, as shown in fig. 4, the whole cover is split. Restraining the end face runout of the large end face of the workpiece in the direction Y, Z to be not more than 0.1mm, using a grinding wheel slicing knife with the thickness of 3mm to perform segmented bidirectional bisection on the workpiece, reserving a force bearing connection area of about 2mm x 3mm at the outermost side of the large end and the small end, ensuring that the area of the kerf is cut off by more than 98%, reinforcing the inside of the kerf, and finally performing micro-segmentation on the small force bearing connection area, wherein the cutting depth is not more than 0.05mm each time. After the workpiece is split, the width of a notch is not more than 3.5mm, and the deviation of the upper position and the lower position of the notch is less than 0.10 mm.
(6) Fitting surface and mortise and tenon machining: by utilizing the milling device, the fit clearance between the workpiece and the milling device is restricted by processing the workpiece matching surface and is not more than 0.2mm, and the large end face of the workpiece jumps to the end face at Y, Z and is not more than 0.1 mm. The size deviation of the matching surface of the workpiece after the workpiece is machined is not more than 0.3 mm.
The batch processing and inspection of the workpieces in the embodiment show that the dimensional deviation of the meter-level complex-structure semi-conical wave-transparent radome (as shown in figure 6) processed by the method is less than 0.4mm, and the qualified rate of the workpieces is more than 99.5%.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative examples, but the description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (16)
1. A processing device of a semi-conical wave-transparent radome is characterized by comprising an outer profile turning tool, an inner profile turning tool and a splitting and semi-radome milling tool;
the semi-conical wave-transparent radome blank workpiece to be processed is of a truncated cone-shaped hollow structure and comprises a small end surface (13), an outer profile surface (14), a large end surface (15) and an inner profile surface (16);
the outer profile turning tool comprises a positioning component (1), a clamping component (2), a pull ring (3) and a pressure plate (4), wherein the positioning component (1) is in a hollow round table shape, is consistent with the shape of a workpiece inner profile (16) and is used for being matched with the workpiece inner profile (16); the clamping component (2) is connected with an external machine tool, so that the tool is positioned on the machine tool; the pull ring (3) is connected with the clamping part (2) to clamp the outer profile of the workpiece; the pressure plate (4) is connected with the positioning part (1) and is used for pressing the small end surface (13) of the workpiece;
the inner profile turning tool comprises a positioning component (5), a clamping component (6), an alignment component (7) and a pressure plate (8), wherein the positioning component (5) is in a hollow round table shape, is consistent with the outer profile (14) of a workpiece in shape and is used for being matched with the outer profile (14) of the workpiece; the clamping component (6) is connected with an external machine tool, so that the tool is positioned on the machine tool; the alignment component (7) is annular, and clamps the outer profile (14) of the workpiece, so that the alignment precision of the tool is ensured; the pressure plate (8) is annular and is tightly attached to the large end surface (15) of the product, so that the workpiece and the tool are stably clamped, and the clamping force can be controlled;
the subdivision and half-cover milling tool comprises an external profiling compression ring (10), an internal profiling supporting component (11) and a positioning supporting component (12); the external profiling compression ring (10) and the positioning support component (12) are respectively in a semi-circular shape, and after two ends of a semi-ring of the external profiling compression ring (10) are fixed with two ends of a semi-ring of the positioning support component (12), the stable fit of a workpiece outer profile (15) and a tool is ensured; the internal profiling supporting component (11) is in a disc shape, is arranged in the inner cavity of the workpiece, is attached to the inner profile (16) of the workpiece and supports the workpiece.
2. The machining device for the semi-conical wave-transmitting radome, according to claim 1, is characterized in that a positioning support part (12) of the subdivision and semi-radome milling tool is of a multi-section structure matched with a workpiece outer profile (14) in size, and the positioning support part is connected with the workpiece outer profile through a hollow frame, so that the weight of the tool is reduced.
3. The machining device for the semi-conical wave-transparent radome, according to claim 1, is characterized in that lugs are arranged at two ends of an external profiling pressing ring (10) and a positioning support component (12) of the subdivision and semi-radome milling tool, and the external profiling pressing ring (10) and the positioning support component (12) are fixedly connected through the lugs.
4. The machining device for the semi-conical wave-transparent radome, according to the claim 1, is characterized in that the internal profiling supporting component (11) of the splitting and semi-radome milling tool is a multi-section disc, and the multi-section discs are connected through a shaft.
5. The machining device for the semi-conical wave-transmitting radome, according to the claim 1, is characterized in that holes are formed in an internal profiling supporting part (11) of the subdivision and semi-radome milling tool, so that the weight of the tool can be reduced, and products can be prevented from being crushed.
6. The machining device for the semi-conical wave-transparent radome, according to the claim 1, is characterized in that a groove is formed in an internal profiling supporting component (11) of the subdivision and semi-radome milling tool, the direction of the groove is the same as the moving direction of a subdivision turning tool, and the turning tool is prevented from being damaged.
7. The machining device for the semi-conical wave-transmitting radome according to claim 1, wherein in the outer profile turning tool, the positioning part (1) and the pull ring (3) are made of cast aluminum; the clamping component (2) and the pressing plate (4) are made of 316L stainless steel.
8. The machining device for the semi-conical wave-transparent radome according to claim 1, wherein in the inner profile turning tool, the clamping component (6) and the alignment component (7) are made of 316L stainless steel; the positioning component (5) and the pressure plate (8) are made of cast aluminum.
9. The machining device for the semi-conical wave-transparent radome, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the inner molded surface turning tool further comprises a protective cap (9), wherein the protective cap (9) is conical in end socket and is positioned at a small end face, so that the protective cap is prevented from colliding while positioning of a product is guaranteed; the protective cap (9) is made of nylon.
10. The machining device for the semi-conical wave-transparent radome, according to the claim 1, is characterized in that in the subdivision and semi-radome milling tool, the external profiling compression ring (10) and the internal profiling support component (11) are made of hard aluminum materials; the positioning support part (12) is made of hard aluminum materials, and nylon flexible materials are embedded on the surface of the positioning support part.
11. A method for processing a half-cone wave-transparent radome, which is implemented by using the processing device of the half-cone wave-transparent radome of any one of claims 1-10, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 rough machining of the outer surface, the large end face and the small end face: attaching an inner profile (16) of a workpiece to a positioning component (1) of a special tool for turning an outer profile, pressing an outer profile (14) of the workpiece through a pull ring (3) and pressing a small end face (13) of the workpiece through a pressure plate (4) to ensure that the workpiece is assembled in place, performing rough machining by using an outer turning tool, reserving machining allowance on the outer profile (14), a large end face (15) and the small end face (13), and ensuring that the large end face (15) is vertical to the outer profile (14);
s2 rough machining of the inner profile: attaching the outer profile (14) of the workpiece obtained in the step S1 to a positioning component (5) of an inner profile turning tool, clamping a small end face (13) of the workpiece by a clamping component (6), clamping the middle of the workpiece by an alignment component (7), roughly turning the inner profile (16) of the workpiece by using the outer profile (14) and a large end face (15) of the workpiece obtained in the step S1 as references, and reserving machining allowance on the inner profile (16);
s3 finish machining of the outer profile, the large end face and the small end face: repeating the step S1, and finely machining the outer molded surface (14), the large end surface (15) and the small end surface (13);
s4 internal profile finishing: repeating the step S3, and performing finish machining on the inner molded surface (16) of the workpiece to ensure the coaxiality and the verticality of the workpiece;
s5 whole cover splitting machining: the lower half part of the workpiece obtained in the step S4 is attached to a positioning support component (12) of a splitting and half-cover milling tool, an internal profiling support component (11) is arranged in the inner cavity of the workpiece to support the inner profile (16) of the workpiece, an external profiling pressure ring (10) is matched with the positioning support component (12), the outer profile (14) of the workpiece is fixed, the large end surface (15) of the workpiece is aligned, the workpiece is split and machined in a segmenting mode along the central section of the workpiece, and the workpiece is divided into an upper part and a lower part;
and (3) matching surface and shape-following mortise and tenon machining of S6: and (5) attaching the outer molded surface (14) of one of the workpieces obtained in the step (S5) to a positioning and supporting component (12) of the splitting and half-cover milling tool, aligning the large end surface of the workpiece, and milling the workpiece matching surface and the mortise and tenon joint structure.
12. The method for processing the semi-conical wave-transparent radome of claim 11, wherein in the step S5, the clearance between the workpiece outer profile and the positioning support component (12) is guaranteed to be less than or equal to 0.2 mm; when the large end face (15) of the workpiece is aligned, a dial indicator method is adopted to ensure that the straightness of the large end face (15) along the Y direction and the Z direction is less than or equal to 0.05 mm.
13. The method for machining the semi-conical wave-transmitting radome of claim 11, wherein in the step S5, when the workpiece is split, a method of confirming the position of the notch a priori and then segmenting the radome bidirectionally is adopted, a bearing connection area is left on the outermost sides of the large end face (15) and the small end face (13), after a part of the area is cut off and the notch is reinforced internally, the bearing connection area is cut a little, so that the workpiece can be split in the remaining area on the basis of firm connection, and the precise positioning of the splitting position and the notch width is guaranteed.
14. The method for processing the semi-conical wave-transmitting radome of claim 13, wherein after more than 98% of the area of the workpiece is cut off, the bearing connection area is subjected to micro-cutting after the joint is internally reinforced, so that the workpiece is divided into the rest areas on the basis of firm connection; the joint-cutting internal reinforcing method adopts the same material as the workpiece for reinforcement.
15. The method for processing the semi-conical wave-transparent radome of claim 11, wherein in the step S6, the mortise and tenon grooves are processed according to a linear driving multi-path parallel feed path.
16. The method for processing the semi-conical wave-transmitting radome of claim 11, wherein the obtained semi-conical wave-transmitting radome has a semi-conical structure split along the axial direction, the length is more than 1200mm, the diameter of the large end surface is more than 500mm, and the split surface is provided with 30-50 degrees of mortise and tenon grooves along the profile contour line and can be connected with other structural components.
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