CN112973693A - Microfiber composite nano metal catalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Microfiber composite nano metal catalyst and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/745—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C02F2101/345—Phenols
Abstract
The invention provides a microfiber composite nano metal catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a precursor of the microfiber composite material from the microfiber and the lignocellulose by a wet papermaking method, and drying the precursor; (2) sintering the dried precursor of the micro-fiber composite material in protective gas to obtain a carrier of the micro-fiber composite material; (3) and uniformly immersing the carrier in a solution containing metal elements, loading the metal elements on the carrier, uniformly dropwise adding a reducing agent into the solution, continuously stirring, and drying to obtain the microfiber composite nano metal catalyst. The catalyst can simultaneously exert the advantages of the nano metal particles and the microfiber composite material, overcomes the defects of easy oxidation, easy agglomeration and difficult recovery of the nano metal particles, and is favorable for the catalyst to show more excellent characteristics in the aspect of catalysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of papermaking, in particular to a microfiber composite nano metal catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the explosive development of modern industry, the environmental pollution problem is receiving more and more attention. Industrial wastewater is one of the important sources of water environment pollution, and effective treatment and restoration of polluted environment are important components of ecological civilization construction in China. At present, nanotechnology is widely applied to the degradation of water pollutants and in-situ environmental remediation. Many researches show that the nano metal particles are excellent catalysts, can effectively treat polluted industrial wastewater and have great application potential in the field of environmental remediation (Liu H., et al. Chem Eng J. 2013, 215: 90-95; O Carroll D., et al. Adv Water resource 2013, 51: 104-. There are many kinds of nano metals, and taking nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) as an example, the advantage of high surface reactivity due to its large specific surface area (O Carroll d., et al. Adv Water resource 2013, 51: 104-. Despite the many advantages of nano-metal particles, the drawbacks are also highlighted. The characteristics of high manufacturing cost, easy surface oxidation, easy particle agglomeration and difficult recycling limit the application of the material in industry (Amir A., et al. Chem Eng J.2011, 170(2-3): 492 497; Jievarangankul P., et al. Chem Eng J.2011, 170(2-3): 482. 491.). Researchers have attempted to improve the stability and dispersibility of the nano-metal particles using different modification methods, including the use of two-component systems (Fang z., et al, J Hazard mater 2011, 185(2): 958-. Among them, the introduction of a carrier to prepare a nano metal-carrier composite catalyst is proved to be effective in improving the performance of the catalyst, and therefore, the selection of the carrier is also a key factor.
As a novel carrier, the microfiber composite materials were first proposed by the professor Tatarchuk of the university of Olympic, USA (Tatarchuk B.J., et al, Mixed fiber composite structures high surface area-high conductivity polymers [ P ]), and applied to the preparation of gas masks and the treatment of volatile organic compounds. The microfiber composite material has many advantages, including adjustable raw materials, high void ratio, high loading capacity, high mechanical strength, wide application range, etc. (Chang B., et al. Chem Eng J. 2006, 115(3): 195-202.). The unique three-dimensional reticular structure can effectively reduce the bed resistance in the fixed bed reaction and enhance the mass and heat transfer (Yang H., et al. Chem Eng Sci. 2008, 63(10): 2707-. Meanwhile, the catalyst can also reduce the internal diffusion resistance of the catalyst and improve the contact efficiency of the catalyst (Kalluri R.R., et al Sep purify technol. 2008, 62(2): 304-316.). The microfiber composite material is mainly prepared by a wet papermaking technology, and the method is low in cost and easy for large-scale production.
Nano-metal particles have been used in the degradation of a variety of contaminants. Taking NZVI as an example, when Amir et al (Amir A., et al, Chem Eng J.2011, 170(2-3): 492 497) apply NZVI to the degradation process of tetrachloroethylene, it is found that the addition of vitamin B12 can effectively increase the degradation rate of pollutants, and at the same time, can prolong the service life of the catalyst and reduce the loss of iron in the use process. Carroll et al (O Carroll D., et al. Adv Water resource, 2013, 51: 104-122.) summarize the application of NZVI in chloride degradation, and it is believed that the current NZVI has low catalytic efficiency in practical application due to agglomeration, surface passivation and other problems, thereby increasing the usage amount of the catalyst in the degradation process and increasing the cost. The extensive research on the chemical reaction mechanism is beneficial to increase the possibility of industrialization of NZVI. They also found that NZVI has the effect of reducing and fixing heavy metal wastewater. In recent years, with the continuous development of organic industry, people focus on the application of NZVI to the treatment of organic wastewater, especially the organic wastewater which cannot be effectively treated by the traditional method. Fang et al (Fang Z., et al J Hazard Mater. 2011, 185(2): 958-969.) use Ni as an auxiliary agent to prepare Ni/Fe bi-component nano-metal particles and apply the Ni/Fe bi-component nano-metal particles to the degradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The result shows that the catalyst can effectively degrade PBDEs (the conversion rate reaches 100%) at normal temperature and normal pressure. Qiu et al (Qiu x., et al, J Hazard mater 2011, 193: 70-81.) supported NZVI on mesoporous silica, also showed good PBDEs degradation efficiency and recyclability. In addition, compounds such as antibiotics, bisphenol A, etc. have also been shown to be removable by NZVI.
As mentioned above, the nano metal particles can be loaded on a proper carrier to obtain better catalytic effect, and the microfiber composite material as a novel carrier can be applied to the preparation of novel catalysts. The Tatarchuk professor of Orben university firstly proposes the concept of microfiber composite material and develops the application research in gas masks, VOC purification, fuel cells, etc. (Zhu W.H., et al. J Power sources 2002, 111(2): 221-. Yuranov et al (Yuranov i., et al, Appl cat a-gen, 2005, 281(1): 55-60.) synthesized Fe/ZSM-5 molecular sieve membrane catalyst on microfiber composite material carrier and applied to hydroxylation reaction of benzene to prepare phenol, found that the microfiber composite material can effectively combine catalytic reaction, heat exchange process and separation steps, so that the operation is simpler and more convenient. Yan et al (Yan Y., et al. Sep purify technol. 2014, 133: 365-. In conclusion, the microfiber composite material is used as a carrier and combined with a catalyst to effectively improve the activity of the catalyst, so that the novel microfiber composite nano metal catalyst is prepared by combining the microfiber composite material with nano metal particles, and the innovation points mainly comprise the following points:
(1) the novel microfiber composite nano metal catalyst is provided, and combines nano metal particles with a microfiber composite material, so that the advantages of developed three-dimensional network structure, large porosity, flexible geometric configuration and the like of the microfiber composite material and the catalytic performance of the nano metal particles can be simultaneously exerted.
(2) The bed resistance of the structured fixed bed can be effectively reduced, the mass transfer and heat transfer are enhanced, the contact efficiency of the catalyst is increased, and the reaction efficiency of the catalytic reaction is improved.
Aiming at the problems of the existing catalyst, the invention aims to apply the catalyst to the restoration of a water environment system on the basis of the combination of theory and practice.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a microfiber composite nano metal catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the catalyst can simultaneously exert the advantages of nano metal particles and microfiber composite materials, overcomes the defects of easy oxidation, easy agglomeration and difficult recovery of the nano metal particles, and is beneficial to the catalyst to show more excellent characteristics in the aspect of catalysis.
The technical scheme is as follows: a preparation method of a microfiber composite nano metal catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing microfiber composite material precursor from microfiber and lignocellulose through a wet papermaking method, and drying, wherein the mass ratio of the microfiber to the lignocellulose is (1/9-9): 1;
(2) sintering the dried precursor of the micro-fiber composite material in protective gas to obtain a carrier of the micro-fiber composite material;
(3) uniformly immersing a carrier in a solution containing metal elements, loading the metal elements on the carrier, then uniformly dropwise adding a reducing agent into the solution, continuously stirring to completely reduce the metal elements in the solution, and drying to obtain the micro-fiber composite nano metal catalyst, wherein the concentration of the solution containing the metal elements is 0.1-10 mol/L.
Preferably, the microfibers in the step (1) are one or more of ceramic fibers, carbon fibers, metal fibers, glass fibers and polymer fibers; the lignocellulose is one or two of softwood fiber and hardwood fiber.
Preferably, the metal element in the step (3) is one or more of iron, copper, cobalt and manganese, the solution corresponding to the metal element is sulfate, chloride or nitrate, and the concentration of the solution is 0.1-10 mol/L.
Preferably, the reducing agent in step (3) is sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride.
Preferably, the loading method in step (3) is one or two of ultrasound, heating, impregnation and ion exchange.
Preferably, the drying in the step (1) is carried out for 30-120 min at the temperature of 100-; the specific process of the sintering in the step (2) is to heat the mixture from room temperature to 480 ℃ at a speed of 3-7 ℃/min, keep the temperature constant at 480 ℃ for 10-30 min, then heat the mixture to 950-.
Preferably, the protective gas in step (2) is nitrogen, helium or argon.
The microfiber composite nano metal catalyst prepared by the preparation method is provided.
The microfiber composite nano metal catalyst is applied to catalytic oxidation degradation of organic matters.
Preferably, the organic substance is phenol or a phenol derivative.
Has the advantages that: the microfiber composite nano metal catalyst and the preparation method and the application thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the catalyst carrier has low manufacturing cost, simple manufacturing method, stable product quality, good effect and easy industrial production;
2. the nano metal particles in the catalyst are uniformly loaded, the particle size of the particles is small, the particles are not easy to agglomerate and oxidize, and the contact efficiency is high;
3. the microfiber is adopted as a carrier, so that the advantages of the microfiber composite material and the nano metal particles can be exerted at the same time, and the catalytic efficiency is effectively improved;
4. the catalyst is easy to recover, the catalyst is saved, and the cost is reduced; the catalyst loss is reduced, and the risk of secondary pollution is reduced;
5. the catalyst can well and uniformly and dispersedly load the nano metal particles on the carrier of the micro-fiber composite material, and improves the application range and contact efficiency of the catalyst and the application efficiency of the catalyst by utilizing the advantages of high load capacity, adjustable porosity, high mechanical strength and wide application range of the micro-fiber composite material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a reaction flow chart of the fixed bed catalytic degradation reaction of m-methyl phenol using the microfiber composite nanometal catalyst prepared by the present invention in example 1 and example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and may be carried out with reference to conventional techniques for process parameters not particularly noted.
The following examples illustrate the preparation of a micro-fiber composite nano-copper catalyst and a micro-fiber composite nano-iron catalyst.
Example 1
The preparation method of the microfiber composite nano copper catalyst comprises the following steps: weighing 6 g of nickel fiber with the length of 2-3 mm and the diameter of 6.5 mu m and 10g of softwood fiber, adding the nickel fiber and the softwood fiber into 2L of water, dissociating in a fiber standard dissociator for 10 min, filtering and molding on a manual sheet-making machine to obtain a precursor of the micro-fiber composite material, and drying by using a drying and pressing machine at 110 ℃; placing the dried precursor of the microfiber composite material in a high-temperature tube array type sintering furnace under the protection of nitrogen for temperature programmed sintering; before sintering, a sintering furnace is firstly vacuumized, then nitrogen is introduced, the operation is repeated for three times, and then the temperature is raised according to the following procedures: heating from room temperature to 480 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, keeping the temperature constant at 480 ℃ for 20 min, heating to 950 ℃ at the speed of 4.7 ℃/min, sintering at 950 ℃ for 20 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a microfiber composite material carrier; weighing 1.5 g of microfiber composite material carrier, and immersing in 1.0 mol/L CuSO4Heating and soaking the solution for 24 hours, and then uniformly dropwise adding 1.6 mol/L NaBH into the solution4And continuously stirring the solution until the solution is black, taking out the micro-fiber composite material, washing the micro-fiber composite material by using deionized water, and drying the micro-fiber composite nano-copper catalyst to obtain the micro-fiber composite nano-copper catalyst.
The microfiber composite nano copper catalyst prepared in example 1 is used for the fixed bed catalytic degradation reaction of m-methylphenol, and an experimental flow chart is shown in fig. 1, wherein the height of a bed layer is 2 cm, the reaction temperature is 60 ℃, and the feeding flow rate is 2 m/min. The oxidant is H2O2Meta methyl groupThe phenol concentration is 500 mg/L, and the ratio of the feeding concentration of the oxidant to the feed concentration of the degradation product is the stoichiometric ratio: c7H8O + 17H2O2→ 7CO2 + 21H2The conversion rate of O, m-methyl phenol reaches 99%, and the reaction activity is not obviously reduced after 24 hours.
Example 2
The preparation method of the microfiber composite nano iron catalyst comprises the following steps: weighing 7 g of stainless steel fiber with the length of 2-3 mm and the diameter of 6.5 mu m and 10g of softwood fiber, adding the weighed stainless steel fiber and 10g of softwood fiber into 2L of water, dissociating in a fiber standard dissociator for 10 min, filtering and molding on a manual sheet-making machine to obtain a precursor of the micro-fiber composite material, and drying by using a drying and pressing machine at 110 ℃; placing the dried precursor of the microfiber composite material in a high-temperature tube array type sintering furnace under the protection of nitrogen for temperature programmed sintering; before sintering, a sintering furnace is firstly vacuumized, then nitrogen is introduced, the operation is repeated for three times, and then the temperature is raised according to the following procedures: heating from room temperature to 480 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature constant at 480 ℃ for 20 min, heating to 1050 ℃ at the speed of 4.7 ℃/min, sintering at 1050 ℃ for 20 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a microfiber composite material carrier; weighing 1.5 g of microfiber composite material carrier, and immersing in 0.1 mol/L FeCl3And 0.1 mol/L polyvinylpyrrolidone, soaking for 24h, and then uniformly dropwise adding 0.3 mol/L NaBH into the solution4And continuously stirring the solution for 5min, taking out the micro-fiber composite material, washing the micro-fiber composite material by using deionized water, and drying to obtain the micro-fiber composite nano iron catalyst.
The microfiber composite nano iron catalyst prepared in example 2 is used for fixed bed catalytic degradation reaction of phenol, and an experimental flow chart is shown in fig. 1, wherein the height of a bed layer is 3 cm, the reaction temperature is 80 ℃, and the feeding flow rate is 2 ml/min. The oxidant is H2O2The phenol concentration is 1000 mg/L, and the ratio of the feeding concentration of the oxidant to the feed concentration of the degradation product is the stoichiometric ratio: c6H6O + 14H2O2→ 6CO2 + 17H2The conversion rate of O and phenol reaches 99 percent, and the reaction activity is not obviously reduced after 24 hours.
The above examples of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a microfiber composite nano metal catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing microfiber composite material precursor from microfiber and lignocellulose through a wet papermaking method, and drying, wherein the mass ratio of the microfiber to the lignocellulose is (1/9-9): 1;
(2) sintering the dried precursor of the micro-fiber composite material in protective gas to obtain a carrier of the micro-fiber composite material;
(3) uniformly immersing a carrier in a solution containing metal elements, loading the metal elements on the carrier, then uniformly dropwise adding a reducing agent into the solution, continuously stirring to completely reduce the metal elements in the solution, and drying to obtain the micro-fiber composite nano metal catalyst, wherein the concentration of the solution containing the metal elements is 0.1-10 mol/L.
2. The method for preparing a microfiber composite nanometal catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the microfibers in the step (1) are one or more of ceramic fibers, carbon fibers, metal fibers, glass fibers and polymer fibers; the lignocellulose is one or two of softwood fiber and hardwood fiber.
3. The method for preparing a microfiber composite nanometal catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the metal element is one or more of iron, copper, cobalt and manganese.
4. The method for preparing a microfiber composite nanometal catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) the reducing agent in the step (3) is sodium borohydride or potassium borohydride solution.
5. The method for preparing a microfiber composite nanometal catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the loading method in the step (3) is one or two of ultrasonic treatment, heating, impregnation and ion exchange.
6. The method for preparing a microfiber composite nanometal catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the drying in the step (1) is carried out for 30-120 min at the temperature of 100-; the specific process of the sintering in the step (2) is to heat the mixture from room temperature to 480 ℃ at a speed of 3-7 ℃/min, keep the temperature constant at 480 ℃ for 10-30 min, then heat the mixture to 950-.
7. The method for preparing a microfiber composite nanometal catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) the protective gas in the step (2) is nitrogen, helium or argon.
8. A microfibre composite nanometal catalyst prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
9. The use of the microfiber composite nanometal catalyst of claim 8 in catalytic oxidative degradation of organic matter.
10. Use of the microfibre composite nanometal catalyst according to claim 9 characterised in that: the organic matter is phenol or phenol derivatives.
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