CN112970368A - Method for returning corn straws to field - Google Patents
Method for returning corn straws to field Download PDFInfo
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- CN112970368A CN112970368A CN202110167391.6A CN202110167391A CN112970368A CN 112970368 A CN112970368 A CN 112970368A CN 202110167391 A CN202110167391 A CN 202110167391A CN 112970368 A CN112970368 A CN 112970368A
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- returning
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of straw returning. The invention provides a method for returning corn straws to a field, which comprises the following steps: (1) crushing corn straws, returning the crushed corn straws to the field, and applying lime powder and an organic fertilizer simultaneously; (2) applying lime powder and organic fertilizer, and then soil preparation and harrowing; (3) pressing and preserving soil moisture after harrowing; (4) nitrogen fertilizer is applied before sowing. The straw returning process can effectively utilize the straws generated in the corn production process, improve the soil fertility, reduce the using amount of the fertilizer, reduce the production cost and improve the economic benefit. Compared with the traditional straw returning method, the method reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and solves the problem of seedling shortage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of straw returning, in particular to a method for returning corn straws to a field.
Background
Corn stalks are important byproducts in the corn planting process, and each kind of stalks generated in agricultural production in China each year can reach more than 7 hundred million tons, while the corn stalks are about 3.5 hundred million tons. How to change waste into valuable and utilize the corn straws with high efficiency and low cost becomes a research and development hotspot of countries in the world in the field of biomass resource utilization.
The straw returning is a production increasing measure generally regarded in the world at present, and has the functions of increasing fertilizer and increasing yield while avoiding atmospheric pollution caused by straw burning. The straw returning can increase soil organic matters, improve soil structure, loosen soil, increase porosity, reduce capacity and promote microbial activity and crop root development. The effect of straw returning, fertilizer increasing and yield increasing is obvious, the yield can be increased by 5-10% generally, but if the method is improper, the adverse phenomena of soil germ increase, crop disease aggravation, seedling shortage and the like can also be caused. Therefore, how to take reasonable straw returning measures is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for returning corn straws to fields, which effectively utilizes the straws generated in the corn production process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for returning corn straws to a field, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing corn straws, returning the crushed corn straws to the field, and applying lime powder and an organic fertilizer simultaneously;
(2) applying lime powder and organic fertilizer, and then soil preparation and harrowing;
(3) pressing and preserving soil moisture after harrowing;
(4) nitrogen fertilizer is applied before sowing.
Preferably, the using amount of the corn straws per mu is 100-300 kg.
Preferably, the length of the crushed corn straws is 1-5 cm.
Preferably, the using amount of the lime powder is 20-50 kg per mu.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is one of compost, manure, retting fertilizer, stable manure, cake fertilizer and mud fertilizer.
Preferably, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 100-300 kg per mu.
Preferably, the land preparation depth is 30-40 cm.
Preferably, the heavy harrow is used for harrowing, and the harrowing frequency is 1-3 times
Preferably, the depth of the harrowing area is 10-20 cm.
Preferably, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 10-25 kg per mu.
The invention provides a method for returning corn straws to a field, which comprises the following steps: (1) crushing corn straws, returning the crushed corn straws to the field, and applying lime powder and an organic fertilizer simultaneously; (2) applying lime powder and organic fertilizer, and then soil preparation and harrowing; (3) pressing and preserving soil moisture after harrowing; (4) nitrogen fertilizer is applied before sowing. The straw returning process can effectively utilize the straws generated in the corn production process, improve the soil fertility, reduce the using amount of the fertilizer, reduce the production cost and improve the economic benefit. Compared with the traditional straw returning method, the method reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and solves the problem of seedling shortage.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for returning corn straws to a field, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing corn straws, returning the crushed corn straws to the field, and applying lime powder and an organic fertilizer simultaneously;
(2) applying lime powder and organic fertilizer, and then soil preparation and harrowing;
(3) pressing and preserving soil moisture after harrowing;
(4) nitrogen fertilizer is applied before sowing.
In the invention, the using amount of the corn straws per mu is preferably 100-300 kg, more preferably 150-250 kg, and even more preferably 200 kg.
In the invention, the length of the crushed corn straws is preferably 1-5 cm, more preferably 2-4 cm, and still more preferably 3 cm.
In the invention, the dosage of the lime powder is preferably 20-50 kg per mu, more preferably 30-40 kg per mu, and even more preferably 35kg per mu.
In the invention, the organic fertilizer is one of compost, manure, retting fertilizer, stable manure, cake fertilizer and mud fertilizer.
In the invention, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is preferably 100-300 kg per mu, more preferably 150-250 kg per mu, and even more preferably 200kg per mu.
In the invention, the depth of land preparation is preferably 30-40 cm, more preferably 33-37 cm, and still more preferably 35 cm.
In the present invention, it is preferable to use a john diel 915V type deep scarification machine for soil preparation.
In the present invention, a heavy rake is preferably used for raking the soil.
In the present invention, the heavy duty rake is preferably a john dill 2625 heavy duty rake.
In the present invention, the number of raking is preferably 1 to 3, and more preferably 2.
In the invention, the depth of the harrowing area is preferably 10-20 cm, more preferably 12-18 cm, and still more preferably 15 cm.
In the invention, a three-strength ZYQ150 self-propelled roller is preferably adopted for pressing and preserving soil moisture.
In the invention, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 10-25 kg per mu, and more preferably 15-20 kg per mu.
The following examples are provided to illustrate the method of returning corn stalks to fields, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) After the corns are harvested, crushing fresh corn straws into small sections of 1cm, returning the corn straws to the field according to the dosage of 100kg per mu, applying lime powder according to the dosage of 20kg per mu, and applying compost according to the dosage of 300kg per mu;
(2) applying lime powder and organic fertilizer, performing land preparation with a John Diel 915V type subsoiler, wherein the land preparation depth is 30cm, and harrowing with a John Diel 2625 heavy type harrowing for 1 time after land preparation, and the harrowing depth is 10 cm;
(3) after harrowing, compacting the soil by a three-strength ZYQ150 self-propelled compactor;
(4) applying nitrogen fertilizer according to the application amount of 10kg per mu before sowing.
Example 2
(1) After the corn is harvested, crushing fresh corn straws into 3cm small sections, returning the small sections to the field according to the dosage of 200kg per mu, applying lime powder according to the dosage of 35kg per mu, and applying retting fertilizer according to the dosage of 200kg per mu;
(2) applying lime powder and organic fertilizer, performing land preparation by using a John Diel 915V type subsoiler, wherein the land preparation depth is 35cm, and raking for 2 times by using a John Diel 2625 heavy type rake after land preparation, and the rake depth is 15 cm;
(3) after harrowing, compacting the soil by a three-strength ZYQ150 self-propelled compactor;
(4) applying the nitrogen fertilizer according to the application amount of 20kg per mu before sowing.
Example 3
(1) After the corns are harvested, crushing fresh corn straws into 5cm small sections, returning the corn straws to the field according to the dosage of 300kg per mu, applying lime powder according to the dosage of 50kg per mu, and applying mud fertilizer according to the dosage of 100kg per mu;
(2) applying lime powder and organic fertilizer, performing land preparation with John Diel 915V type subsoiler, wherein the land preparation depth is 40cm, and raking for 3 times with John Diel 2625 heavy type raking, and the raking depth is 20 cm;
(3) after harrowing, compacting the soil by a three-strength ZYQ150 self-propelled compactor;
(4) applying nitrogen fertilizer according to the application amount of 25kg per mu before sowing.
Test examples
Test field: the test was conducted in a test field at the princess ridge test base of the academy of agricultural sciences of Jilin province.
And (3) experimental design: the test is divided into 6 groups, the area of each group is 1 mu, and the test groups are numbered as 1-6; the test groups 1 to 3 respectively adopt the straw returning method of the embodiments 1 to 3, the test group 4 returns all the straws of the land to the field after the corn is harvested, and other conditions are consistent with those of the embodiment 2; test group 5 was not raked after soil preparation, and other conditions were consistent with example 2; test group 6 was not compacted to preserve soil moisture, and other conditions were the same as in example 2.
The test is carried out for two years, the water and fertilizer management of each plot is kept consistent, the corn yield and the emergence rate of each plot in the second year are counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Group of | Test group 1 | Test group 2 | Test group 3 | Test group 4 | Test group 5 | Test group 6 |
| Rate of emergence (%) | 95.6 | 95.9 | 94.8 | 87.3 | 91.2 | 90.8 |
| Mu yield (kg) | 587.2 | 583.1 | 575.9 | 554.1 | 568.3 | 561.5 |
The results show that the straw returning process can reduce the using amount of the fertilizer, reduce the production cost, improve the soil fertility, improve the emergence rate and the yield of the corn and obtain good economic benefit.
From the above embodiment, the invention provides a method for returning corn stalks to fields, which comprises the following steps: (1) crushing corn straws, returning the crushed corn straws to the field, and applying lime powder and an organic fertilizer simultaneously; (2) applying lime powder and organic fertilizer, and then soil preparation and harrowing; (3) pressing and preserving soil moisture after harrowing; (4) nitrogen fertilizer is applied before sowing. The straw returning process can effectively utilize the straws generated in the corn production process, improve the soil fertility, reduce the using amount of the fertilizer, reduce the production cost and improve the economic benefit. Compared with the traditional straw returning method, the method reduces the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and solves the problem of seedling shortage.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for returning corn straws to fields is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing corn straws, returning the crushed corn straws to the field, and applying lime powder and an organic fertilizer simultaneously;
(2) applying lime powder and organic fertilizer, and then soil preparation and harrowing;
(3) pressing and preserving soil moisture after harrowing;
(4) nitrogen fertilizer is applied before sowing.
2. The method for returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of the corn stalks used per mu is 100 to 300 kg.
3. The method for returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in claim 2, wherein the length of the crushed corn stalks is 1-5 cm.
4. The method for returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in claim 3, wherein the amount of the lime powder is 20-50 kg per mu.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the organic fertilizer is one of compost, manure, cake fertilizer and mud fertilizer.
6. The method for returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in claim 5, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 100-300 kg per mu.
7. The method for returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in claim 6, wherein the depth of the land preparation is 30-40 cm.
8. The method for returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in claim 7, wherein a heavy rake is used for raking the field for 1-3 times.
9. The method for returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in claim 8, wherein the depth of the harrowing is 10-20 cm.
10. The method for returning the corn stalks to the field as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 10 to 25kg per mu.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110167391.6A CN112970368A (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Method for returning corn straws to field |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110167391.6A CN112970368A (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Method for returning corn straws to field |
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| CN112970368A true CN112970368A (en) | 2021-06-18 |
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| CN202110167391.6A Pending CN112970368A (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Method for returning corn straws to field |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101699961A (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-05-05 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Integrated fertilization method under condition of NPKS of double-cropping crops of wheat and corn |
| CN102007860A (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2011-04-13 | 望城隆平乌山贡米种植专业合作社 | Production technology of organic rice |
| CN106105468A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-11-16 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of method of straw directly returning to field fertilizing soil |
| US20170260109A1 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-14 | Nanjing Agricultural University | Method for directly preparing a fertilizer by using straws and prepared straw organic fertilizer |
| CN107211613A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-09-29 | 何振贤 | A kind of maize straw method |
| CN111567339A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-25 | 德州市农业科学研究院 | High-yield wheat planting method under condition of returning all corn straws to field |
-
2021
- 2021-02-05 CN CN202110167391.6A patent/CN112970368A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102007860A (en) * | 2009-09-09 | 2011-04-13 | 望城隆平乌山贡米种植专业合作社 | Production technology of organic rice |
| CN101699961A (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-05-05 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Integrated fertilization method under condition of NPKS of double-cropping crops of wheat and corn |
| US20170260109A1 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-14 | Nanjing Agricultural University | Method for directly preparing a fertilizer by using straws and prepared straw organic fertilizer |
| CN106105468A (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2016-11-16 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of method of straw directly returning to field fertilizing soil |
| CN107211613A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-09-29 | 何振贤 | A kind of maize straw method |
| CN111567339A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-08-25 | 德州市农业科学研究院 | High-yield wheat planting method under condition of returning all corn straws to field |
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Application publication date: 20210618 |
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