CN112967237A - Method for extracting cross section area in performance measurement experiment of insect wing vein material - Google Patents
Method for extracting cross section area in performance measurement experiment of insect wing vein material Download PDFInfo
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- CN112967237A CN112967237A CN202110194542.7A CN202110194542A CN112967237A CN 112967237 A CN112967237 A CN 112967237A CN 202110194542 A CN202110194542 A CN 202110194542A CN 112967237 A CN112967237 A CN 112967237A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for extracting the cross section area in an insect wing vein material performance measurement experiment, belonging to the field of biological materials. The invention draws the irregular shape of the cross section and the edge outline of the photo from the photo of the cross section, and converts the photo into a bitmap only containing black and white pixels; calculating to obtain the number M of white pixels in the bitmap1Black pixel number M2And the proportion R of the number of white pixels to the total number of pixels of the picture; calculating to obtain the real area value S of the whole picture based on the scale of the scanning electron microscope picture0(ii) a And calculating to obtain an actual area value S of the vein cross section based on the proportion of the number of white pixels to the total number of pixels of the picture and the actual area value of the whole picture. The invention has higher reliability and higher accuracy of the calculation result, and is favorable for generatingAccurate cognition of the mechanical property of the material and reliable guidance of the design and preparation of the bionic material are suitable for calculating the mechanical parameters of the material of a test piece with an irregular cross section in a mechanical experiment of the biological material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for extracting the cross section area in an insect wing vein material performance measurement experiment, belonging to the field of biological materials.
Background
The miniature flapping wing aircraft is a new advanced unmanned aircraft, has the characteristics of low cost, small volume, low noise, good concealment and the like, and has high military and civil application values. The bionic source of the aircraft is insects, and excellent flight aerodynamic performance is obtained by simulating flapping wing flapping flight of insect wings.
Wings, as flying organs of insects, have diverse structural morphological characteristics and material properties. In actual insect flight, the wing is subjected to complex deformation of bending, stretching and twisting under the control of chest drive muscles and wing roots, and the shape of the deformed wing also influences the aerodynamic force generated by the insect flapping wing flight. Therefore, the research on the mechanical properties of the wings has important significance for understanding the deformation and functionality of the wings and the flapping wing flight of insects, and simultaneously has a guiding effect for further expanding the cognition on biological materials and the bionic design and preparation of the biological materials.
The wing is a film-shaped biological material consisting of a wing membrane and a wing vein, and has the characteristics of light weight, transparency and small size. At present, the mechanical experiment method which is widely used for measuring wing material parameters is a tensile experiment method. However, the tensile test methods for measuring the wing material parameters are not uniform, and in particular, the methods are different in the area extraction of the cross section of the tensile test piece of the wing vein: some are approximately circular, some are approximately rectangular or square, and others are approximately cardioid in cross section. Because the cross section of the wing vein is irregular in shape, and the cross sections of the wing veins at different wing positions are different, the simple approximation of the cross section of the wing vein in the actual measurement can not only accurately obtain the area of the cross section of the wing vein, but also seriously affect the calculation results of material parameters such as elastic modulus, tensile strength and the like. Therefore, in order to better know the mechanical properties of the wings of the insects, it is imperative to find a method for accurately measuring the cross-sectional area of the vein.
Based on the real size and the actual shape of the cross section of the wing vein, the actual area of the cross section is calculated by using a pixel extraction method, and reliable guarantee is provided for accurately calculating the material mechanics parameters of the wing vein.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing method cannot accurately calculate the cross section area of an insect vein and a related biological material with an irregular profile, so that the calculation of material parameters is inaccurate, and the design and preparation of a bionic material are influenced, and therefore, the method for extracting the cross section area of the insect vein is provided.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A method for extracting the cross-sectional area in an insect wing material performance measurement experiment comprises the following steps:
drying insect veins, fixing, spraying gold, placing under a scanning electron microscope, and observing and shooting a cross section picture of the veins;
drawing the irregular shape of the cross section and the edge outline of the photo from the cross section photo, and converting the photo into a bitmap only containing black and white pixels; wherein, the effective shape area of the cross section is a white pixel, and the other parts of the picture are black pixels;
step three, calculating to obtain the number M of white pixels in the bitmap1Black pixel number M2And the proportion R of the number of white pixels to the total number of pixels of the picture;
step four, calculating to obtain the real area value S of the whole picture based on the scale of the scanning electron microscope picture0；
And step five, calculating to obtain an actual area value S of the vein cross section based on the proportion of the number of white pixels to the total number of pixels of the picture and the actual area value of the whole picture.
Wherein S is0For actual area value of the whole picture(ii) a S is the actual area value of the cross section of the wing vein.
Advantageous effects
The method for extracting the cross section area in the performance measurement experiment of the insect wing vein material can accurately calculate the areas of various irregular-shaped surfaces, and is simple in calculation process and time-saving. Compared with the existing method for calculating the irregular-shaped surfaces such as the wing vein cross section, the method has higher reliability and higher accuracy of the calculation result, is favorable for accurate cognition of the mechanical property of the biological material and reliable guidance of design and preparation of the bionic material, and is suitable for calculation work of the mechanical parameters of the material of the test piece with the irregular cross section in the mechanical experiment of the biological material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 a dragonfly and its wings;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a cross-section of a wing vein;
fig. 3 is a bitmap of a wing vein cross-section.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples.
A method for extracting the cross-sectional area in an insect wing material performance measurement experiment comprises the following steps:
1) cutting a test piece: as shown in fig. 1, taking a dragonfly back wing as an example, a back wing of a dragonfly is cut from a wing root, and a cross section of the wing is cut at any spread position of the back wing along a chord direction, and because the cross section of a wing vein is very small in size, usually only tens of micrometers, the cross section of the wing needs to be observed and photographed by a scanning electron microscope;
2) fixing a test piece and taking a picture by a scanning electron microscope: drying insect veins before taking a picture by an electron microscope, fixing the insect veins, spraying gold, then placing the insect veins under a scanning electron microscope, observing and taking a cross-section picture of the veins, wherein the length of a scale at the lower right corner in the picture represents 50 mu m as shown in figure 2;
3) bitmap conversion of the wing vein cross section profile: importing the electron microscope picture into Adobe Illustrator software to establish a new layer; drawing irregular shapes of cross sections (the parts of the fin membrane connected with the fin veins are not considered) and edge outlines of the photos on the new image layer, setting effective shape areas of the cross sections as pure white pixel parts, setting other parts of the photos as pure black pixel parts, exporting the new image layer, storing the new image layer as a bitmap (bmp format) (as shown in figure 3) and storing the new image layer in a new folder;
4) calculating the relative area of the cross section of the wing vein: calculating the white pixel number M of the bitmap in the new folder1145374 and the number of black pixels M21001506 and the ratio of the number of white pixels to the total number of pixels in the picture R M1/(M1+M2)＝0.1268；
5) Calculating the actual area of the cross section electron microscope photo of the wing vein: based on the scale of the scanning electron microscope picture (figure 2), calculating to obtain the actual area value S of the whole picture0＝31686μm2；
6) Calculating the actual area of the cross section of the wing vein: calculating the actual area value S (unit: mum) of the cross section of the vein based on the proportion of the number of white pixels to the total number of pixels of the picture and the actual area value of the whole picture2) Please see formula 1.
Through the embodiment, the method for extracting the cross section area in the performance measurement experiment of the insect wing vein material can accurately calculate the area of the irregular surface of the cross section of various insect wing veins, and is simple and time-saving in the calculation process. Compared with the traditional method for calculating the area of the surface with the irregular shape, the method has higher reliability, is beneficial to accurately cognizing the mechanical property of the biological material, and has high application value in the fields of biological material mechanical experiments and bionic material design.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for extracting the cross section area in the performance measurement experiment of insect wing vein materials is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
drying insect veins, fixing, spraying gold, placing under a scanning electron microscope, and observing and shooting a cross section picture of the veins;
drawing the irregular shape of the cross section and the edge outline of the photo from the cross section photo, and converting the photo into a bitmap only containing black and white pixels; wherein, the effective shape area of the cross section is a white pixel, and the other parts of the picture are black pixels;
step three, calculating to obtain the number M of white pixels in the bitmap1Black pixel number M2And the proportion R of the number of white pixels to the total number of pixels of the picture;
step four, calculating to obtain the real area value S of the whole picture based on the scale of the scanning electron microscope picture0；
Calculating to obtain an actual area value S of the cross section of the vein based on the proportion of the number of white pixels to the total number of pixels of the picture and the actual area value of the whole picture;
wherein S is0The actual area value of the whole picture is taken; s is the actual area value of the cross section of the wing vein.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003071468A1 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2003-08-28 | Istituto Clinico Humanitas | Method and apparatus for analyizing biological tissue specimens |
| CN101937512A (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2011-01-05 | 北京邮电大学 | Method for identifying insect veins based on mesh region and system thereof |
| CN104457627A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-03-25 | 云南省农业科学院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所 | Method for utilizing Photoshop for precisely measuring area of plane of irregular object |
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- 2021-02-10 CN CN202110194542.7A patent/CN112967237A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003071468A1 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2003-08-28 | Istituto Clinico Humanitas | Method and apparatus for analyizing biological tissue specimens |
| CN101937512A (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2011-01-05 | 北京邮电大学 | Method for identifying insect veins based on mesh region and system thereof |
| CN104457627A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-03-25 | 云南省农业科学院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所 | Method for utilizing Photoshop for precisely measuring area of plane of irregular object |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| YUN MA,ET AL.: "Structure and tensile properties of the forewing costal vein of the honeybee Apis mellifera", 《SOFT MATTER》 * |
| 蒋照华等: "仿蜻蜓扑翼飞行器翅翼结构力学特性研究进展", 《机械科学与技术》 * |
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