CN112964148B - Heat-proof shaft tangible joint control method for assembling passenger car axle box bearing - Google Patents
Heat-proof shaft tangible joint control method for assembling passenger car axle box bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN112964148B CN112964148B CN202110167651.XA CN202110167651A CN112964148B CN 112964148 B CN112964148 B CN 112964148B CN 202110167651 A CN202110167651 A CN 202110167651A CN 112964148 B CN112964148 B CN 112964148B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring depth
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for carrying out shaped joint control on a heat-proof shaft of a passenger car axle box bearing assembly. The method avoids the phenomenon that the bearing is not in the normal position in the axle box, plays an effective role in clamping and controlling the assembly and use of unqualified accessories, overcomes the improvement of the size measurement precision of operators, and provides a new idea for the verification of the product quality by applying the logic reverse thrust of associated data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement and control, in particular to a method for carrying out shaped joint control on a heat-proof shaft of a passenger car axle box bearing assembly.
Background
The axle is the leg of passenger train, and it bears passenger's life and property safety, and axle box device is as the core part of axle, and axle box bearing assembly quality is very important. In the whole assembly link of the axle box bearing, only 3 pressure plates are needed, and 4 bolts are needed for fastening the front cover of the axle box. In the two groups of bolt fastening links, the uneven fastening of any group of bolts can cause the bearing to be misaligned in the axle box, and finally the hot shaft fault is caused. In order to prevent the uneven fastening of the bolt, the following control measures are available.
1. When the fastening torque reaches a set value, an operator stops fastening after the noise is generated, but the inertia input of the torque cannot be cut off after the torque reaches the preset value, so that the fastening torque of each bolt is different, and the phenomenon that the bolt is fastened by artificial extra torque for ensuring that the hexagonal surface of the bolt reaches a preset position exists.
2. An intelligent torque trigger is adopted, three bolts or four bolts are fastened simultaneously, and the fastening is stopped after each bolt reaches a preset torque value; however, the intelligent torque trigger equipment is high in manufacturing cost, cannot solve the problem that a screw rod is connected with a shaft to rotate when nuts of four bolts of a front cover are fastened, cannot solve the problem that certain requirements are met on the six aspects of the screw rod when bolts of a passenger section wheel shaft pressing plate are fastened, cannot solve the problem that the fastening torque is up to the standard and the actual bolt is not fastened due to large matching resistance of problematic bolt threads, and finally cannot be stopped due to the problem.
3. The order of bolt fastening and the minimum number of times of fastening are specified, and the higher the number of times of bolt cross diagonal reciprocating fastening is, the better the uniform fastening effect is; the simplified operation behaviors occur when the human quality difference, the physiology and the environment change, such as: the diagonal uniform fastening generally requires that four bolts of the front cover are repeatedly turned over for more than three times, but when no supervision is carried out by people, the four bolts are fastened by one-time turning of worker operation; this is also a main cause of uneven fastening of the bolt.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for carrying out the shaped joint control on the heat-proof shaft of the passenger car axle box bearing assembly.
The invention provides a method for carrying out shaped joint control on a heat-proof shaft of a passenger car axle box bearing assembly, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, creating an assembly record sheet;
s2, measuring the axial play of the two-disc bearing of the same axle box;
s3, filling the axial play into an assembly record sheet;
s4, assembling the axle box bearing;
s5, assembling and fastening the shaft end device;
s6, assembling and fastening the front cover;
s7, measuring the axle box running amount;
s8, filling the measured play amount into an assembly record sheet;
s9, judging whether the product is qualified or not by using the logical relation verification result between the sizes;
and S10, repeating the steps until all the data are qualified.
Further, the contents of the assembly record in S1 include the axle number, the axle manufacturer number, the axle type, the assembly date, the axle box type, the axle size, the axle box size and the fitting thereof, and the inspector signature.
Further, before the axle box bearing is assembled in S2, the axial play of the two-disk bearing of the same axle box is measured, and the axial play is measured by respectively measuring the depths of the end face of the roller and the end face of the inner sleeve by using a depth gauge with the outer bearing retainer as a reference surface after the two bearings are closely attached and calculating the difference.
Further, in the shaft end device assembling link in S5, the pressure plate needs 3 bolts for fastening, the fastening method specifies the fastening sequence of the bolts and the minimum fastening times, and the bolts are fastened in a reciprocating manner in the cross and diagonal directions.
Further, in S6, the axle box front cover requires 4 bolts to be fastened in a fastening method that prescribes the order of bolt fastening and the minimum number of times that fastening is required, and the bolts are fastened to and fro diagonally and crosswise.
Further, after the axle box bearing is assembled in S7, the axle box displacement is measured by using a magnetic seat dial indicator to be adsorbed on the upper surface of the axle box, a measuring head of the dial indicator props against a wheel and is in a semi-compression state, the axle box is pushed by axial force and the value of the dial indicator is read, the axle box is pulled by axial force and the value of the dial indicator is read, and the difference between the two values is the axle box displacement.
Further, in S9, the axial play of the two-disc coaxial bearing is the distance that the two rows of rollers move axially between the fixed edge and the movable edge of the inner sleeve, and the measurement of the play amount is actually the distance that the two rows of rollers move axially between the fixed edge and the movable edge of the inner sleeve, and since the outer ring of the bearing is tightly pressed by the front cover after the bearing is installed in the axle box, and the outer ring and the axle box are actually integrated in the axial direction after the assembly is completed, the logical relationship between the sizes requires that the play amount is less than or equal to the axial play, and the difference between the two is not greater than 0.2 mm.
Further, if the result is not qualified in S9, that is, if the four bolts of the axle box front cover are unevenly fastened, the axle box crosstalk amount is significantly small or no crosstalk amount, the crosstalk amount can be restored to a normal value by loosening and then evenly fastening the bolts of the front cover, and then the steps S5-S9 are repeated until the axle box front cover is qualified.
The invention discloses a method for carrying out tangible joint control on a heat-proof shaft in the assembly of a passenger car axle box bearing, which avoids the phenomenon that the bearing is not in the right position in an axle box, plays an effective role in clamping and controlling the assembly of unqualified accessories, forces the improvement of the dimension measurement precision of an operator, and provides a new idea for the verification of the product quality by applying the logical reverse thrust of associated data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a thermally assembled cylindrical roller bearing, model NJ (P)3226X1 roller bearing;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a metal labyrinth axle box seal arrangement;
description of reference numerals:
in the figure: 1-bearing outer ring, 2-retainer, 3-roller, 4-fixed flange inner ring, 5-flat retainer ring, 6-fixed flange-free inner ring, 7-dustproof retainer ring, 8-shaft box body, 9-cylindrical roller bearing, 10-shaft temperature alarm mounting hole, 11-seal ring, 12-shaft box front cover, 13-pressure plate, 14-pressure plate bolt and 15-anti-loose iron wire
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms also include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and further, it is understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3:
a method for carrying out tangible joint control on a heat-proof shaft of a passenger car axle box bearing assembly is characterized in that a control method with a visible and obtained result afterwards is added on the basis of following the existing control measures, namely the tangible joint control method comprises the following steps:
s1, creating an assembly record sheet;
s2, measuring the axial play of the two-disc bearing of the same axle box;
s3, filling the measured axial play into an assembly record sheet;
s4, assembling the axle box bearing;
s5, assembling and fastening the shaft end device;
s6, assembling and fastening the front cover;
s7, measuring the axle box running amount;
s8, filling the measured play amount into an assembly record sheet;
s9, judging whether the product is qualified or not by using the logical relation verification result between the sizes;
and S10, repeating the steps until all the data are qualified.
At S1, the contents of the assembly record sheet include the axle number, the axle manufacturer number, the axle type, the assembly date, the axle box type, the axle size, the axle housing size and its fit, and the inspector signature.
In S2, before the journal box bearing is assembled, the axial play of the two-disk bearing of the same journal box is measured, and the axial play is measured by respectively measuring the depths of the roller end face and the inner sleeve end face using a depth gauge with the outer bearing retainer as a reference surface after the two bearings are closely attached and calculating the difference.
In S5, the pressure plate needs 3 bolts for fastening in the shaft end device assembling process, the fastening method is to stipulate the order of bolt fastening and the minimum number of times of fastening, and the bolts are fastened to and fro in the cross and diagonal directions.
In S6, the axle box front cover requires 4 bolts to be fastened in a manner that prescribes the order of bolt fastening and the minimum number of times that fastening is required, and the bolts are fastened to and fro diagonally across.
In S7, after the axle box bearing is assembled, the axle box running amount is measured by using a magnetic seat dial indicator to be adsorbed on the upper surface of the axle box, a dial indicator measuring head props against the wheel and is in a semi-compression state, the axle box is pushed by axial force and the value of the dial indicator is read, the axle box is pulled by axial force and the value of the dial indicator is read, and the difference between the two values is the axle box running amount.
In the axle box bearing assembling process, the Wuchang passenger car section discovers several phenomena in the wheel set assembling process:
1. the displacement measurement value of the assembled Wuchang bus section axle box bearing is basically in the range of 0.9mm-1.2 mm. The technical specification value is 0.8mm-1.8 mm.
2. When four bolts of the front cover of the axle box are unevenly fastened, the axle box crosstalk amount is obviously smaller or does not have crosstalk amount, and the specified value of the normal crosstalk amount is 0.8mm-1.8 mm. The front cover bolt is loosened and then evenly fastened again, so that the play amount can be recovered to a normal value.
3. 30 days 6 months in 2015, the number of the vehicle sections of the Wuchang passenger car is as follows: the measurement value of the play amount of the 132-plus 09743 axle box bearing after being assembled is 1.6mm, the specified range value of the & lt & gt assembly, overhaul and management rules of the railway passenger car axle is 0.8mm-1.8mm, the play amount belongs to the qualified range, but the measurement value of the play amount of the axle box at the section is basically in the range of 0.9mm-1.2 mm. Therefore, the assembler thinks that the amount of play is large and there is a possibility of abnormality. After the shaft box bearing is decomposed and the reason is found, the abrasion of the working surface of the movable retainer ring is found, the abrasion depth is 0.6mm, after the movable retainer ring is replaced and the shaft box bearing is assembled again, the measured value of the moving amount is 1.00mm, and the moving amount is reduced by 0.6mm compared with the previous value.
By inference from 1: the shifting amount of the assembled axle box is not in the range of 0.9mm-1.2mm, and although the technical regulation is met, experience tells that whether the assembling abnormity exists or not needs to be analyzed in an important way.
By 2 it is concluded that: the serious uneven fastening of the bolt can cause the displacement after the assembly to exceed the standard, so that the uneven fastening of the bolt which is not serious is qualified in the data representation of the displacement although the problem exists. For example, the amount of play of an axle box should be 1.2mm, since uneven tightening results in an actual play of only 1.0mm, whereas 1.0mm is a good play value that meets specifications or is relatively approved by field experience, which may in fact present assembly problems of its own.
According to the formula 3: an acceptable amount of play does not mean that no problems arise during assembly.
So it is found through research
The axial clearance section of the coaxial box after two sets of bearings are assembled is 0.8mm-1.8mm during the section repair specified in the assembly, overhaul and management rules of the railway passenger car wheel axle, the front and back play amount section of the 24 type and 26 type bearing boxes is 0.8mm-1.8mm, and the play amount of the coaxial box during the section repair is equal to the axial clearance of the coaxial box after two sets of bearings are assembled theoretically. In the actual assembly process, the phenomenon that an operator cannot pull or cannot reach the standard when the movement amount is measured by one person due to the uneven fastening of the bolts can occur, and the abnormal movement amount phenomenon can be effectively eliminated by re-fastening the shaft end bolt or the front cover bolt. As can be seen from the table below, the play amount is improved by 0.2mm-0.3mm after the front cover bolts are fastened again through 4 wheels with the serial number of 5 in 300 wheel shaft assembly data, and the play amount is correspondingly improved because the front cover is fastened uniformly and the rear bearing is positioned in the axle box. The shifting amount is increased by 0.1mm after the front cover is fastened again by only one wheel with the changed serial number 4, the possibility of normal error measurement exists in the shifting amount increasing reason, the change rate is low, and the problem of increase of rework workload is considered to be normal. Although the serial number 1 is unchanged, the serial number does not accord with logic, the artificial measurement error of the axial clearance is found to be 0.1mm after the shaft box bearing is completely decomposed and checked, and the numerical value accords with the serial number 2 after the shaft box bearing is reassembled.
The axle box shifting amount after the axle box bearing assembly is in accordance with 0.8mm-1.8mm specified in the railway passenger car axle assembly, overhaul and management rules, and meanwhile, the axle box shifting amount is required to be not larger than the axial clearance of two bearings of the same axle box, and the axial clearance minus the shifting amount is less than or equal to 0.2 mm. The method can not only increase the workload caused by reworking, but also effectively control the missing detection of assembly faults in an integrated manner. The comparison criterion of S9 is derived therefrom.
In S9, the axial play of the two-disc bearing of the coaxial housing is the distance that the two rows of rollers axially move between the fixed and movable flanges of the inner housing, and the measurement of the play amount is actually the distance that the two rows of rollers axially move between the fixed and movable flanges of the inner housing, and since the outer ring of the bearing is tightly pressed by the front cover after the bearing is installed in the axle housing, and the outer ring and the axle housing are actually integrated in the axial direction after the assembly is completed, the logical relationship between the sizes requires that the play amount is less than or equal to the axial play, and the difference between the two is not greater than 0.2 mm.
If the result is unqualified in S9, namely the four bolts of the axle box front cover are unevenly fastened, the axle box crosstalk amount is obviously smaller or has no crosstalk amount, the crosstalk amount can be recovered to a normal value by loosening the bolts of the front cover and then evenly fastening again, and then the steps S5-S9 are repeated until the axle box front cover is qualified.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for carrying out shape joint control on a heat-proof shaft of a passenger car axle box bearing assembly is characterized in that the method discovers and prevents faults existing in the assembly process by carrying out correlation comparison on sizes in an assembly record, and comprises the following steps of:
s1, creating an assembly record sheet;
s2, before the axle box bearings are assembled, measuring the axial play of the two-disc bearings of the same axle box;
s3, filling the measured axial play into an assembly record sheet;
s4, assembling an axle box bearing;
s5, assembling and fastening the shaft end device;
s6, assembling and fastening the front cover;
s7, after the axle box bearing is assembled, measuring the axle box displacement;
s8, filling the measured play amount into an assembly record sheet;
s9, using the logic relation between sizes to verify the result and judge whether it is qualified;
the axial clearance of the two-disc bearing of the same axle box is the distance of the two rows of rollers moving axially between the fixed gear edge and the movable gear edge of the inner sleeve, the measurement of the running amount is actually the distance of the two rows of rollers moving axially between the fixed gear edge and the movable gear edge of the inner sleeve, after the bearing is installed in the axle box, the outer ring of the bearing is tightly pressed by the front cover, and after the assembly is finished, the outer ring and the axle box are actually integrated along the axial direction, so the logical relation between the sizes requires that the running amount is less than or equal to the axial clearance, and the difference value between the two is not more than 0.2 mm;
s10, repeating the steps S5-S9 until all data are qualified.
2. The method for the shape-based joint control of the heat-proof shaft of the passenger car axle box bearing assembly according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the contents of the assembly record sheet in S1 include the axle number, the axle manufacturer number, the axle type, the assembly date, the axle box type, the axle size, the axle housing size and its fit, and the inspector signature.
3. The method for the shape-based joint control of the heat-proof shaft of the passenger car axle box bearing assembly according to claim 1, is characterized in that: before the axle box bearing is assembled in S2, the axial play of the two-disc bearing of the same axle box is measured, the axial play is measured by respectively measuring the depths of the end surface of the roller and the end surface of the inner sleeve by using a depth gauge with an outer bearing retainer as a reference surface after the two bearings are closely attached, and the axial play is obtained by calculating the difference.
4. The method for the shape-based joint control of the heat-proof shaft of the passenger car axle box bearing assembly according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the assembly link of the shaft end device in S5, 3 bolts are needed for fastening the pressure plate, the fastening method specifies the fastening sequence of the bolts and the minimum times of fastening, and the bolts are fastened in a reciprocating manner in the cross and opposite angles.
5. The method for the shape-based joint control of the heat-proof shaft of the passenger car axle box bearing assembly according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in S6, the axle box front cover requires 4 bolts to be fastened in a manner that prescribes the order of bolt fastening and the minimum number of times that fastening is required, and the bolts are fastened to and fro diagonally across.
6. The method for the shape-based joint control of the heat-proof shaft of the passenger car axle box bearing assembly according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after the axle box bearing is assembled in S7, the axle box displacement is measured by using a magnetic seat dial indicator to be adsorbed on the upper surface of the axle box, a measuring head of the dial indicator props against a wheel and is in a semi-compression state, the axle box is pushed by axial force and the value of the dial indicator is read, the axle box is pulled by axial force and the value of the dial indicator is read, and the difference of the two values is the axle box displacement.
7. The method for the shape-based joint control of the heat-proof shaft of the passenger car axle box bearing assembly according to claim 1, is characterized in that: if the result is unqualified in S9, namely the four bolts of the axle box front cover are unevenly fastened, the axle box crosstalk amount is obviously smaller or has no crosstalk amount, the crosstalk amount can be recovered to a normal value by loosening the bolts of the front cover and then evenly fastening again, and then the steps S5-S9 are repeated until the axle box front cover is qualified.
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| CN202110167651.XA CN112964148B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-02-07 | Heat-proof shaft tangible joint control method for assembling passenger car axle box bearing |
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| CN202110167651.XA CN112964148B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-02-07 | Heat-proof shaft tangible joint control method for assembling passenger car axle box bearing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102151783A (en) * | 2011-03-26 | 2011-08-17 | 韶关东南轴承有限公司 | Spinning riveting assembly and manufacturing method of automobile hub bearing unit |
| CN105328434A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-02-17 | 南车南京浦镇车辆有限公司 | Low-floor bogie axle box press-fitting device and method |
| CN207556506U (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-06-29 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of axle box and framework datum level Gap size measuring devices |
| CN110514161A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-29 | 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 | bearing axial clearance monitoring device and method |
| CN111619604A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-04 | 唐山钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Bearing axle box of torpedo type iron mixing vehicle |
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