CN112963975A - Performance test method for heat collection system of tower-type solar photo-thermal power station - Google Patents
Performance test method for heat collection system of tower-type solar photo-thermal power station Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a performance test method for a heat collection system of a tower-type solar photo-thermal power station, which comprises the following steps: 1) starting the test after the flow of the heat transfer fluid is in a stable state; 2) continuously measuring the required parameters; 3) measuring the reflectivity of the heliostat mirror twice during the test period; 4) calculating to obtain the thermal physical property of the test state, or randomly sampling the heat transfer fluid and then sending the heat transfer fluid to an authorized laboratory for analysis to obtain physical property parameters; 5) calculating the thermal power of the heat collection system; 6) calculating the heat efficiency of the heat collection system; 7) uncertainty analysis of thermal power results; 8) uncertainty analysis of thermal efficiency results; 9) and summarizing and processing the test data to obtain a test result, comparing the test result with the output value of the performance model, and judging whether the design performance is achieved. Through specific test steps and based on basic requirements and procedures of performance tests, the performance test of the heat collection system can be conveniently and accurately completed, and performance evaluation, analysis and acceptance of the tower type photothermal power station are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tower type solar photo-thermal power generation, and particularly relates to a performance test method for a heat collection system of a tower type solar photo-thermal power station.
Background
The solar thermal power generation technology has the advantages of energy storage, peak regulation and continuous and stable power generation, and is an ideal renewable energy power generation form. In recent years, the solar thermal power generation industry in China is rapidly developed, and among commercialized photo-thermal power stations, a tower-type solar photo-thermal power station is an extremely important type. The tower type photo-thermal power station utilizes the heliostats which are optimally arranged to gather solar radiation to a heat absorber on the top of the absorption tower for point focusing, and heat transfer fluid in the heat absorber is heated. The heat transfer fluid is heated to a certain temperature and then transfers the heat to the water working medium through the steam generator, so that steam is provided to drive the steam turbine generator unit to do work and generate power. Meanwhile, a part of heat of the heat transfer fluid is stored through the heat storage system so as to meet the requirement of normal power generation at night or under the condition of insufficient light resources.
Because the large-scale solar thermal power generation technology in China starts late, particularly for a tower type photo-thermal power station, few commercial power stations are put into operation at present, a complete technical system is not formed in China, technical experiences of debugging and performance tests are lacked for a heat collecting system serving as a core, no clear performance test standard can be executed according to the current performance test standard in China, and a performance test method of the heat collecting system of the tower type solar photo-thermal power station is blank to be filled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a performance test method of a heat collection system of a tower type solar photo-thermal power station aiming at the existing tower type solar photo-thermal power station so as to accurately obtain the performance index of the heat collection system through a test.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a performance test method for a heat collection system of a tower-type solar photo-thermal power station comprises the following steps:
1) the flow of the heat transfer fluid is set to a preset value and the test is started after the flow reaches a stable state;
2) after the test is started, continuously measuring the temperature, pressure and flow of an inlet and an outlet of the heat absorber, the normal direct solar irradiance, the dry bulb temperature, the relative humidity, the wind speed and the wind direction parameters;
3) measuring the reflectivity of the heliostat mirror twice during the test period;
4) calculating the thermophysical property of the test state by adopting a heat transfer fluid thermophysical property parameter table provided by a supplier, or randomly sampling the heat transfer fluid and then sending the sampled heat transfer fluid to an authorized laboratory for analysis to obtain a physical property parameter; sampling procedure a representative sample of the heat transfer fluid in the system during the performance test was obtained following the method described in ASTM D4057;
5) calculating the thermal power of the heat collection system;
6) calculating the heat efficiency of the heat collection system;
7) giving an uncertainty analysis of the thermal power results;
8) giving an uncertainty analysis of the thermal efficiency results;
9) and summarizing and processing the test data to obtain a test result, comparing the test result with the output value of the performance model, and judging whether the design performance is achieved.
A further improvement of the invention is that the heat transfer fluid in step 1) is a molten salt.
The invention has the further improvement that step 0) is also provided before the step 1), and the preparation before the test comprises the following steps:
firstly, all instrument instruments participating in the test are detected or calibrated;
determining that the solar radiation and meteorological conditions meet the requirements specified by the test;
the whole heat collecting system can normally run and meet the test requirements;
fourthly, all the equipment of the heat collecting system operates in the pressure, temperature and flow limit range specified by the equipment supplier;
the mirror surfaces of all the heliostats are kept at normal cleanliness, and the heliostats are completely cleaned before the test;
sixthly, the tracking accuracy of the heliostat meets the requirement.
A further improvement of the invention is that said step 0) pre-test preparation further comprises pre-test stabilization conditions:
before the test of the heat collection system, the photo-thermal power station continuously and normally operates for more than 3d, and before the test is started, the steady-state operation time of a heat collection field is 30-45 min which is not less than 30 min;
the test time is between 9:00 and 16:00 when the sun is true, and the local normal direct irradiance is not less than 500W/m2And the maximum wind speed is not more than the designed running wind speed of the heat collection field and not more than 13 m/s.
The invention has the further improvement that the data acquisition time interval of each measurement parameter in the step 2) is as follows:
the performance test duration is not less than 15min and not more than 30 min; the time interval for measuring the parameters of the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid and the normal direct radiation irradiance is not more than 10s, and the time interval for measuring other parameters is not more than 1 min.
The invention has the further improvement that the step 5) of calculating the thermal power of the heat collecting system comprises the following steps:
the thermal power output of the heat collecting system is calculated by the change of enthalpy value of heat transfer fluid in the heat absorber, and the thermal power is obtained by the following equation according to the measured data of the inlet/outlet of the heat absorber:
in the formula:
Pmeasured-heat power of the heat collecting system;
Δhrec-the enthalpy of the heat transfer fluid from the inlet to the outlet of the heat sink is increased;
Trec,in-heat sink inlet heat transfer fluid average temperature;
Trec,out-heat sink outlet heat transfer fluid average temperature.
The further improvement of the invention is that the step 6) heat collecting system heat efficiency calculation process is as follows:
the thermal efficiency of the heat collecting system based on the DNI measurement data of the solar normal direct radiation irradiance is calculated by the following equation:
in the formula:
ηmeasured-the thermal efficiency of the heat collection system;
Pmeasured-heat power of the heat collecting system;
DNI — average of normal direct irradiance measurements;
Aaperture-heliostat daylight opening area in tracking mode during the test.
The invention has the further improvement that the uncertainty analysis and calculation process of the thermal power result of the heat collection system in the step 7) comprises the following steps:
the total uncertainty is given by the following calculation:
uR＝[(bR)2+(SR)2]1/2 (3)
the calculation formula of the system uncertainty is as follows:
the formula for calculating the random uncertainty is as follows:
the further improvement of the invention is that the uncertainty analysis and calculation process of the thermal power result of the heat collection system in the step 8) is as follows:
the total uncertainty is given by the following calculation:
uR＝[(bR)2+(SR)2]1/2 (6)
the calculation formula of the system uncertainty is as follows:
the formula for calculating the random uncertainty is as follows:
the invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the invention, one-time complete heat collection system performance test can be completed by executing the test steps (1) - (9), all measured data are obtained and then subjected to data summarization, processing and calculation, the actual performance of the current heat collection system can be obtained, so that the purpose of mastering the performance of the heat collection system is realized, the overall performance acceptance of the tower-type solar photo-thermal power station and the stable and efficient operation of the power station are facilitated, and meanwhile, the performance analysis after the test can help a heat collection system supplier to accurately find out a performance short plate, so that the subsequent improvement of the system is facilitated.
Furthermore, the invention can calculate the measured data through the calculation formulas (1) to (8), thereby obtaining the results of the thermal power, the thermal efficiency, the uncertainty of the thermal power and the uncertainty of the thermal efficiency of the heat collection system, further accurately judging the performance of the heat collection system and obtaining the final test result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the measurement points of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a performance test method for a heat collection system of a tower-type solar photo-thermal power station, which comprises the following steps:
0) preparing before testing;
1) the test is started after the flow of the heat transfer fluid (molten salt or other) is set to a predetermined value and reaches a steady state;
2) after the test is started, continuously measuring the temperature, pressure and flow of an inlet and an outlet of the heat absorber, and parameters of solar normal direct irradiation irradiance, dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction;
3) measuring the reflectivity of the heliostat mirror twice during the test period;
4) the thermal physical property parameter table of the heat transfer fluid provided by a supplier is adopted to calculate and obtain the thermal physical property of the test state, or the heat transfer fluid is randomly sampled and then sent to an authorized laboratory to analyze and obtain the physical property parameters. The sampling procedure should follow the method described in ASTM D4057 to obtain a representative sample of the heat transfer fluid in the system during the performance test;
5) calculating the thermal power of the heat collection system;
6) calculating the heat efficiency of the heat collection system;
7) giving an uncertainty analysis of the thermal power results;
8) giving an uncertainty analysis of the thermal efficiency results;
9) and summarizing and processing the test data to obtain a test result, comparing the test result with the output value of the performance model, and judging whether the design performance is achieved.
By adopting the test steps, the measurement of each main parameter of the heat collection system can be realized, the performance test of the heat collection system is completed through the collection, processing and calculation of the measurement data, whether the heat collection system has related problems or not is judged, and the performance evaluation and the engineering acceptance of the heat collection system are facilitated. And finally, comparing the test result with the output value of the performance model, and judging whether the performance model can reach the design performance, on one hand, necessary performance test can ensure that the heat collection system can efficiently and stably run according to the design expectation, and on the other hand, performance analysis after the test can help a heat collection system supplier to accurately find out the performance short plate so as to be beneficial to subsequent improvement of the system.
Step 0) preparation before test comprises:
firstly, all instrument instruments participating in the test are detected or calibrated;
determining that the solar radiation and meteorological conditions meet the requirements specified by the test;
the whole heat collecting system (a reflecting mirror, a support, a transmission device, a control device, a heat absorber, a molten salt pump and the like of the heliostat) can normally operate and meet the test requirements;
fourthly, all the equipment of the heat collecting system is operated within the pressure, temperature and flow limit range specified by the equipment supplier;
the mirror surfaces of all the heliostats are kept at normal cleanliness, and the heliostats are completely cleaned before the test;
sixthly, the tracking accuracy of the heliostat meets the requirement.
Through the preparation work before the test, the heat collecting system is under the preset working condition, the performance test is more convenient to carry out, the influence of accidental factors is reduced, the test result is more accurate, and the real performance of the system can be reflected.
Step 0) pre-test preparation further comprises pre-test stabilization conditions:
firstly, before the test of the heat collecting system, the photo-thermal power station should continuously and normally operate for more than 3 days. Before the test is started, the steady-state running time of the heat collection field is required to be 30-45 min, which is not less than 30 min.
② the test time is between 9:00 and 16:00 when the sun is true, and the local normal direct irradiance is not less than 500W/m2. The maximum wind speed is not more than the designed running wind speed of the heat collection field and not more than 13 m/s.
The continuous normal operation of the photothermal power station for 3d can fully reflect that all main and auxiliary equipment and systems do not have any defects, and is favorable for the smooth operation of the test. Because the system has thermal inertia, the thermal time constant tau of the heat collecting system is about 6-7 min generally, so the steady state running time before the test is not less than 30min, through the stable stage before the test, the test time is selected to be between 9:00 and 16:00 when the solar irradiance is stronger and more stable and the normal direct irradiance is not less than 500W/m2The wind speed does not exceed the design running wind speedThe heat collecting system can enter a relatively ideal heat balance state, all tests are relatively stable, and the test result is more accurate.
Step 2), the data acquisition time interval of each measurement parameter is as follows:
the duration of the performance test should be not less than 15min, usually not more than 30 min. The time interval for measuring the parameters of the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid and the normal direct radiation irradiance is not more than 10s, and the time interval for measuring other parameters is not more than 1 min. The heliostat specular reflectivity was tested 1 time before and after the test.
Through the selection of the time intervals, the measured data are more objective, real and representative, and the accuracy of the test result is improved.
And step 5), the thermal power calculation process of the heat collection system comprises the following steps:
the thermal power output of the heat collecting system is calculated by the change of enthalpy value of heat transfer fluid in the heat absorber, and the thermal power is obtained by the following equation according to the measured data of the inlet/outlet of the heat absorber:
in the formula:
Pmeasured-heat power of the heat collecting system;
Δhrec-the enthalpy of the heat transfer fluid from the inlet to the outlet of the heat sink is increased;
Trec,in-heat sink inlet heat transfer fluid average temperature;
Trec,out-heat sink outlet heat transfer fluid average temperature.
And step 6) the heat efficiency calculation process of the heat collection system is as follows:
the thermal efficiency of the heat collection system based on the DNI measurement data of the solar normal direct irradiance can be calculated by the following equation:
in the formula:
ηmeasured-the thermal efficiency of the heat collection system;
Pmeasured-heat power of the heat collecting system;
DNI — average of normal direct irradiance measurements;
Aaperture-heliostat daylight opening area in tracking mode during the test.
Step 7), the uncertainty analysis and calculation process of the thermal power result of the heat collection system comprises the following steps:
the total uncertainty is given by the following calculation:
uR＝[(bR)2+(SR)2]1/2 (3)
the calculation formula of the system uncertainty is as follows:
the formula for calculating the random uncertainty is as follows:
step 8), the uncertainty analysis and calculation process of the thermal power result of the heat collection system comprises the following steps:
the total uncertainty is given by the following calculation:
uR＝[(bR)2+(SR)2]1/2 (6)
the calculation formula of the system uncertainty is as follows:
the formula for calculating the random uncertainty is as follows:
step 9) summarizing and processing test data, wherein in the process of processing the test data, the operation fluctuation range of the measurement parameters is shown in a table below, and if serious abnormality is found in the observed data, the test working condition is considered to be abandoned; if the affected part is at the beginning or the end of the test and the effective test time after deducting the abnormal condition meets the relevant requirements, discarding the data of the abnormal part; the test conditions should be reworked if necessary.
TABLE 1 maximum allowable fluctuation range of main parameters during heat collection system test
And finally, calculating the measured data through calculation formulas (1) to (7) to obtain the results of thermal power, thermal efficiency, thermal power uncertainty and thermal efficiency uncertainty of the heat collection system, further accurately judging the performance of the heat collection system to obtain a final test result, and comparing the final test result with the output value of the performance model to judge whether the design performance is achieved.
In summary, the performance test method for the heat collection system of the tower-type solar photo-thermal power station provided by the invention can conveniently and accurately complete the performance test of the heat collection system through specific test steps based on the basic requirements and flow of the performance test, and is beneficial to performance evaluation, analysis and acceptance of the tower-type solar photo-thermal power station.
Claims (9)
1. A performance test method for a heat collection system of a tower-type solar photo-thermal power station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the flow of the heat transfer fluid is set to a preset value and the test is started after the flow reaches a stable state;
2) after the test is started, continuously measuring the temperature, pressure and flow of an inlet and an outlet of the heat absorber, the normal direct solar irradiance, the dry bulb temperature, the relative humidity, the wind speed and the wind direction parameters;
3) measuring the reflectivity of the heliostat mirror twice during the test period;
4) calculating the thermophysical property of the test state by adopting a heat transfer fluid thermophysical property parameter table provided by a supplier, or randomly sampling the heat transfer fluid and then sending the sampled heat transfer fluid to an authorized laboratory for analysis to obtain a physical property parameter; sampling procedure a representative sample of the heat transfer fluid in the system during the performance test was obtained following the method described in ASTM D4057;
5) calculating the thermal power of the heat collection system;
6) calculating the heat efficiency of the heat collection system;
7) giving an uncertainty analysis of the thermal power results;
8) giving an uncertainty analysis of the thermal efficiency results;
9) and summarizing and processing the test data to obtain a test result, comparing the test result with the output value of the performance model, and judging whether the design performance is achieved.
2. The method for testing the performance of the heat collecting system of the tower-type solar photo-thermal power station according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer fluid in the step 1) is molten salt.
3. The method for testing the performance of the heat collecting system of the tower-type solar photo-thermal power station according to claim 1, wherein a step 0) of pre-test preparation is further arranged before the step 1), and the pre-test preparation comprises the following steps:
firstly, all instrument instruments participating in the test are detected or calibrated;
determining that the solar radiation and meteorological conditions meet the requirements specified by the test;
the whole heat collecting system can normally run and meet the test requirements;
fourthly, all the equipment of the heat collecting system operates in the pressure, temperature and flow limit range specified by the equipment supplier;
the mirror surfaces of all the heliostats are kept at normal cleanliness, and the heliostats are completely cleaned before the test;
sixthly, the tracking accuracy of the heliostat meets the requirement.
4. The method for testing the performance of the heat collecting system of the tower-type solar photo-thermal power station according to claim 3, wherein the step 0) of preparing before testing further comprises the following steps of stabilizing conditions before testing:
before the test of the heat collection system, the photo-thermal power station continuously and normally operates for more than 3d, and before the test is started, the steady-state operation time of a heat collection field is 30-45 min which is not less than 30 min;
the test time is between 9:00 and 16:00 when the sun is true, and the local normal direct irradiance is not less than 500W/m2And the maximum wind speed is not more than the designed running wind speed of the heat collection field and not more than 13 m/s.
5. The method for testing the performance of the heat collecting system of the tower-type solar photo-thermal power station according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition time interval of each measured parameter in the step 2) is as follows:
the performance test duration is not less than 15min and not more than 30 min; the time interval for measuring the parameters of the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid and the normal direct radiation irradiance is not more than 10s, and the time interval for measuring other parameters is not more than 1 min.
6. The method for testing the performance of the heat collecting system of the tower-type solar photo-thermal power station according to claim 1, wherein the heat power calculation process of the heat collecting system in the step 5) is as follows:
the thermal power output of the heat collecting system is calculated by the change of enthalpy value of heat transfer fluid in the heat absorber, and the thermal power is obtained by the following equation according to the measured data of the inlet/outlet of the heat absorber:
in the formula:
Pmeasured-heat power of the heat collecting system;
Δhrec-the enthalpy of the heat transfer fluid from the inlet to the outlet of the heat sink is increased;
Trec,in-heat sink inlet heat transfer fluid average temperature;
Trec,out-heat sink outlet heat transfer fluid average temperature.
7. The method for testing the performance of the heat collecting system of the tower-type solar photo-thermal power station according to claim 1, wherein the heat efficiency calculation process of the heat collecting system in the step 6) is as follows:
the thermal efficiency of the heat collecting system based on the DNI measurement data of the solar normal direct radiation irradiance is calculated by the following equation:
in the formula:
ηmeasured-the thermal efficiency of the heat collection system;
Pmeasured-heat power of the heat collecting system;
DNI — average of normal direct irradiance measurements;
Aaperture-heliostat daylight opening area in tracking mode during the test.
8. The method for testing the performance of the heat collecting system of the tower-type solar photo-thermal power station according to claim 1, wherein the uncertainty analysis and calculation process of the thermal power result of the heat collecting system in the step 7) is as follows:
the total uncertainty is given by the following calculation:
uR＝[(bR)2+(SR)2]1/2 (3)
the calculation formula of the system uncertainty is as follows:
the formula for calculating the random uncertainty is as follows:
9. the method for testing the performance of the heat collecting system of the tower-type solar photo-thermal power station according to claim 1, wherein the uncertainty analysis and calculation process of the thermal power result of the heat collecting system in the step 8) is as follows:
the total uncertainty is given by the following calculation:
uR＝[(bR)2+(SR)2]1/2 (6)
the calculation formula of the system uncertainty is as follows:
the formula for calculating the random uncertainty is as follows:
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| CN113761454A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-12-07 | 苏州西热节能环保技术有限公司 | Uncertainty-based garbage heat value test system and optimization method |
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| US7334450B1 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2008-02-26 | Phase Dynamics, Inc. | Water cut measurement with improved correction for density |
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