CN112960781B - Organic pollutant degradation method based on biological nanometer heterozygous system - Google Patents
Organic pollutant degradation method based on biological nanometer heterozygous system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an organic pollutant degradation method based on a biological nano hybrid system, which comprises the following steps: inoculating and activating Shewanella to culture to obtain a bacterial liquid; centrifuging the bacterial liquid, adding the centrifuged bacterial sludge into an anaerobic reaction buffer solution, and adding a water-soluble ferric salt solution and a water-soluble sulfur source salt solution to obtain a shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide heterozygous system; preparing a reaction buffer solution containing organic pollutants; centrifuging and washing the obtained shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system, and adding the obtained shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system into a reaction buffer solution of the organic pollutants again to obtain an organic pollutant degradation system; and (4) sampling at fixed time, and measuring the concentration of the organic pollutants in the sample at different times after high-speed centrifugation. The invention utilizes the advantage complementation of microbial reduction power and high-efficiency catalytic performance of the nano material, and obviously improves the treatment efficiency of organic compounds while improving the treatment efficiency of the nano material per unit mass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biochemistry, and particularly relates to an organic pollutant degradation method based on a biological nanometer heterozygous system.
Background
In recent years, with the increase of industrialization degree, the discharge amount of industrial wastewater containing a large amount of organic pollutants such as organic dyes, various aromatic compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons and the like is greatly increased, and the pollutants generally have teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and high toxicity, and have good bioaccumulation and persistence, thereby causing serious threats to ecological environment and human health. Therefore, the establishment of an efficient and durable organic pollutant degradation method is significant.
The traditional treatment method of the organic wastewater mainly comprises physical methods such as a membrane separation method, an extraction method and an adsorption method, chemical methods such as an electrochemical method, a catalytic reduction method and an advanced oxidation method, and biological treatment methods such as aerobic, anaerobic and biological adsorption. Although the physical method is simple and low in cost, the pollutants cannot be removed efficiently, and the method is often used for pretreatment of wastewater; the chemical method has fast reaction, good pollutant removing effect but serious consumption, complex synthesis conditions and easy secondary pollution of water. In comparison, the microorganisms can utilize the energy of the original substrate in the wastewater to reduce and detoxify the pollutants, so that the organic pollutants in the water body are reduced, meanwhile, the nutrient substances in the water body can be reduced through biological metabolism, the energy consumption is reduced from the other side, and the wastewater is more environment-friendly and does not produce a large amount of byproducts. However, biological methods also have problems, such as the difficulty of degradation of organic contaminants and the limitation of the efficiency of biological methods due to biotoxicity. In the newly emerging field of nano material catalysts, nano ferrous sulfide is widely applied to wastewater treatment due to high catalytic efficiency and strong reducibility.
At present, noble metal materials such as nano palladium, gold and the like are mostly used for treating organic pollutants in a microorganism-nano material hybrid system, or pollutants are degraded through reactions such as photocatalysis and the like after a composite material is synthesized, and the problems of high material cost, large reaction energy consumption, complex reaction conditions and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides an organic pollutant degradation method based on a biological nanometer hybrid system, which combines the characteristics of electron generation by metabolism of an electroactive microorganism Shewanella and transmembrane electron transfer to realize continuous regeneration of a nanometer iron sulfide material in the biological preparation and degradation processes of nanometer ferrous sulfide, utilizes the complementation of the advantages of microbial reduction force and efficient catalytic performance of a nanometer material, and obviously improves the treatment efficiency of organic compounds while improving the treatment efficiency of the nanometer material in unit mass.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for degrading organic pollutants based on a biological nano hybrid system comprises the following steps:
step (1), shewanella is inoculated, activated and cultured to obtain a bacterial liquid;
step (2) centrifuging the bacterial liquid obtained in the step (1), adding the centrifuged bacterial sludge into an anaerobic reaction buffer solution, adding a water-soluble ferric salt solution and a water-soluble sulfur source salt solution, and culturing in a shaking table to obtain a shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system;
adding nutrient substances and different organic pollutants into the reaction buffer solution to obtain the reaction buffer solution containing the organic pollutants;
step (4) centrifuging and washing the Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system obtained in the step (2), adding the Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system into the reaction buffer solution containing the organic pollutants obtained in the step (3) again to obtain an organic pollutant degradation system, and culturing the system in a shaking table;
and (5) sampling in the organic pollutant degradation system obtained in the step (4) at regular time, and measuring the concentration of the organic pollutants in the samples at different times after high-speed centrifugation.
In the above embodiment, the concentration OD of the bacterial liquid obtained in the step (1) 600 The value is 0.5-4.
In the above scheme, the final concentration OD of Shewanella in the anaerobic reaction buffer solution in the step (2) 600 The value is 0.05-5.
In the above scheme, the water-soluble ferric iron salt in step (2) is ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate or ferric citrate, and the water-soluble sulfur source salt is sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium low sulfate or sodium sulfate.
In the above scheme, the final concentration of the water-soluble ferric salt solution and the water-soluble sulfur source salt solution in the reaction buffer solution in the step (2) is more than 50 μ M.
In the above scheme, the culture conditions in the step (2) are as follows: the time is more than 5h, the rotating speed is 50-300rpm, and the temperature is 4-37 ℃.
In the above scheme, the nutrient added in step (3) includes lactate, formate, acetate, pyruvate or a plurality of mixed nutrients.
In the above scheme, the final concentration of Shewanella after the re-suspension of the hybrid system in the step (4) is OD 600 ＝0.05-5。
In the above scheme, the temperature of the shaking culture in the step (4) is 4-37 ℃, and the rotation speed is 50-300rpm.
In the scheme, the experimental environments of the steps (2) to (5) are controlled in an anaerobic environment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, a Shewanella-nanometer ferrous sulfide hybrid system is constructed, intracellular electrons generated by metabolism of the Shewanella are transferred to an extracellular nanometer iron sulfide catalyst through a transmembrane electron transfer mechanism, ferric iron to ferrous iron generated by pollutant reduction and degradation are reduced, continuous regeneration of extracellular ferrous sulfide is realized, the loss of nanometer materials is reduced by combining the advantages of biological reducing power and strong catalytic performance of the nanometer ferrous sulfide, and efficient and lasting degradation of organic pollutants is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system for degrading organic pollutants;
FIG. 2 is a process of divalent iron change during the construction of a Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system;
FIG. 3 is a SEM representation of Shewanella and Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system;
FIG. 4 is an EDS (ethylene-bis-sulfide) characterization diagram of the biosynthetic nano-ferrous sulfide;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system on degrading methyl violet, wherein the Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system comprises Shewanella, biosynthetic nano ferrous sulfide and Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system;
FIG. 6 (a) is a diagram showing the effect of Shewanella-nanometer ferrous sulfide hybrid system in degrading nitrophenol, wherein the Shewanella-nanometer ferrous sulfide hybrid system comprises Shewanella, biosynthetic nanometer ferrous sulfide and Shewanella-nanometer ferrous sulfide hybrid systems synthesized under different conditions; (b) Is the change of ferrous iron in the process of degrading nitrophenol in a Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide heterozygous system and a biosynthetic nano ferrous sulfide control group.
Detailed Description
The present invention is specifically described below with reference to examples, which are intended to better understand the technical spirit of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
A method for degrading organic pollutants based on a biological nano hybrid system comprises the following steps:
step (1), shewanella is inoculated, activated and cultured to obtain a bacterial liquid;
step (2) centrifuging the bacterial liquid obtained in the step (1), adding bacterial sludge into an anaerobic reaction buffer solution, adding a water-soluble ferric salt solution and a water-soluble sulfur source salt solution, and culturing in a shaking table to obtain a Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system;
adding nutrient substances and different organic pollutants into the reaction buffer solution to obtain the reaction buffer solution containing pollutants with a certain concentration;
step (4) centrifuging and washing the Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system obtained in the step (2), adding the Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system into the reaction buffer solution containing the organic pollutants obtained in the step (3) again to obtain a new organic pollutant degradation system, and placing the new organic pollutant degradation system in a shaking table;
step (5) sampling in the organic pollutant degradation system in the step (4) at regular time, and measuring the concentration of pollutants in the samples at different times after high-speed centrifugation;
preferably, the culture conditions of the Shewanella in the step (1) are that the temperature is 4-37 ℃, the shaking revolution is 50-300rpm, and the bacterial liquid is adjusted to OD 600 And =0.5-4, stopping culturing.
Preferably, the Shewanella bacterium in step (1) is Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, which is purchased from ATCC American type culture Collection under the accession number ATCC700550.
Preferably, the reaction buffer in step (2) is prepared by mixing the anaerobically treated LB liquid medium and M9 medium at a volume ratio of 20.
Preferably, the centrifugation in step (2) is carried out at 3000-7000rpm for 4-10min.
Preferably, the final concentration of Shewanella in the reaction buffer of step (2) is OD 600 The value is 0.05-5.
Preferably, the final concentration of the water-soluble ferric salt solution and the water-soluble sulfur source salt solution in the buffer solution in the step (2) is more than 50 mu M; the water-soluble ferric salt is ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, ferric sulfate or ferric citrate, and the water-soluble sulfur source salt is sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate or sodium sulfate.
Preferably, the conditions for the culture in step (2) are: the time is more than 5h, the rotating speed is 50-300rpm, and the temperature is 4-37 ℃.
Preferably, the nutrients added in step (3) include lactate, formate, acetate, pyruvate or various mixed nutrients.
Preferably, the washing in step (3) is performed by washing with M9 medium.
Preferably, the final concentration of Shewanella in the degradation system in the step (4) is maintained as OD 600 ＝0.05-5，
Preferably, in the step (4), the temperature of the shaking table culture is 4-37 ℃, and the shaking rotation speed is 50-300rpm.
Preferably, the timed sampling in the step (5) is within 0-35h, the high-speed centrifugation is at 10000-12000rpm, and the centrifugation time is 3-5min.
Electrons generated in cells in the Shewanella metabolic process are transferred to the nano iron sulfide catalyst on the surface of the cells through a transmembrane electron transfer mechanism, and ferric iron generated by pollutant degradation is reduced to ferrous iron, so that the high-efficiency and durable degradation of organic pollutants is realized by combining the advantages of biological reduction and nano material catalysis. In the shewanella @ nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system, the cost of iron sulfide is low, the shewanella @ nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system has strong catalytic performance without reaction conditions such as photocatalysis, and the like, and meanwhile, the shewanella has higher electron transfer efficiency when being used as an electroactive microorganism. By the synergistic effect of the Shewanella and the nano ferrous sulfide, the biological reduction is combined with the catalytic advantage of the nano material, and the high-efficiency degradation of the organic pollutants can be directly realized.
Example 1:
(1) Preparing LB culture medium comprising tryptone 10g/L, yeast extract 5g/L, sodium chloride 5g/L, pH =7; preparing M9 medium containing Na 2 HPO 4 ·12H 2 O 17.8g/L、KH 2 PO 4 3g/L、NaCl 0.5g/L、NH 4 Cl 10.5g/L, 10mM sodium lactate, 0.1mM CaCl 2 And 1mM MgSO 4 (ii) a Preparing 0.1M ferric chloride solution and 0.1M sodium thiosulfate mother liquor;
(2) And then, inoculating Shewanella (purchased from ATCC American type culture collection, and with the strain number of ATCC 700550) into an LB culture medium for culture, wherein the volume ratio of the inoculum amount of the Shewanella inoculated into the LB culture medium to the LB culture medium is 0.4:100, respectively; then culturing for 12h at 30 ℃ and with the shaking revolution of 200rpm to obtain bacterial liquid with basically smooth bacterial surface and no obvious particles, as shown in figure 3 a;
(2) Preparing a reaction buffer solution of a shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide nano system: the LB liquid medium and the M9 medium were mixed well at a volume ratio of 20. Carrying out anaerobic treatment: heating to boil, blowing nitrogen, autoclaving, adding sterile sodium lactate as nutrient substance to make its final concentration reach 18mM;
(3) Centrifuging overnight-cultured Shewanella bacteria liquid at 5000rpm for 5min, adding the precipitate bacteria mud into 300mL buffer solution, and controlling the final concentration at OD 600 =0.1; adding an iron chloride solution and a sodium thiosulfate solution into a reaction buffer solution inoculated with the bacterial sludge, wherein the final concentration of the iron chloride and the sodium thiosulfate is 100 mu M; culturing in 30 deg.C shaking table at shaking rotation speed of 200rpm for 13h to obtain Shewanella-nanometer ferrous sulfide heterozygous system, wherein the color of the system gradually turns black, the concentration of ferrous iron gradually increases, and obvious nanometer ferrous sulfide particles are outside cells after synthesis, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 b.
(4) Methyl violet dyes were added to the reaction buffer solutions obtained in step (2) in anaerobic workstations using 1mL syringes, respectively, to a final concentration of 7.5 mg/L.
(5) Taking the Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide heterozygote system obtained in the step (3) out of an anaerobic workstation, centrifuging at 6000rpm for 8min, washing by fresh M9, and suspending into 60mL of reaction buffer solution containing organic pollutants in the step (4), and keeping the final concentration of Shewanella at OD 600 =0.1, and finally placed in a shaker at 30 ℃.
(6) And (3) regularly and uniformly mixing the degradation system in an anaerobic workstation within 0-35h, taking out the degradation system by using a 1mL injector, centrifuging the sample at 12000rpm for 5 minutes, and finally measuring the concentration of the pollutants in the supernatant by using a spectrophotometer.
The constructed Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide heterozygote system is resuspended in wastewater containing methyl violet under an anaerobic condition, the initial concentration of p-nitrophenol is controlled to be 7.5mg/L, the sampling time is 0h, 0.25h, 1h, 2h, 14h, 26h and 34h, the obtained sample is centrifuged at 12000rpm for 5min, the methyl violet concentration is measured by a spectrophotometer at 580nm, and a degradation curve is drawn, as shown in figure 5.
Example 2:
this example 2 differs from example 1 in that the degradation of methyl violet by Shewanella under the same conditions was measured singly without adding ferric chloride and sodium thiosulfate, and a degradation curve was plotted as a control, as shown in FIG. 5.
Example 3:
the difference between this example 3 and example 1 is that after the shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system is prepared, high-pressure moist heat sterilization is performed at 115-120 ℃ for 15-20min, the obtained mixture is centrifuged at 6000rpm for 8min, and then washed, resuspended and sonicated by fresh M9 to obtain biological nano ferrous sulfide, the degradation condition of single biological nano ferrous sulfide on methyl violet is determined under the same conditions, and a degradation curve is drawn as a control, as shown in fig. 5.
Example 4:
taking out the Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system synthesized in the embodiment 1 in an anaerobic workstation, centrifuging at 8000rpm for 5min, discarding the supernatant, and centrifuging and washing 3 times by using anoxic water; centrifuging at 8000rpm for 5min, discarding the supernatant, washing with 75%, 100% ethanol and acetone respectively, drying the final centrifuged precipitate in an anaerobic workstation, grinding the black solid into powder with an agate mortar after the precipitate is dried, and taking a proper amount of powder sample for EDS elemental analysis characterization as shown in FIG. 4.
Example 5:
the difference between the example 5 and the example 1 is that the constructed Shewanella-nanometer ferrous sulfide hybrid system is resuspended in the wastewater containing p-nitrophenol under anaerobic condition, the initial concentration of the p-nitrophenol is controlled to be 70 μ M, the sampling time is 0h, 2h, 5h, 10h, 24h and 35h, the obtained sample is centrifuged at 12000rpm for 5min, the supernatant is taken, the concentration of the nitrophenol in the water sample is measured by a spectrophotometer at 400nm, and a degradation curve is drawn (as shown in FIG. 6 a).
Example 6:
this example 6 is different from example 1 in that paranitrophenol was added to the reaction buffer without adding ferric chloride and sodium thiosulfate, and the degradation of paranitrophenol by Shewanella under the same conditions was measured singly and a degradation curve was plotted as a control, as shown in FIG. 6 a.
Example 7:
the difference between this example 7 and example 3 is that the biological nano ferrous sulfide is washed and then resuspended in the reaction buffer solution added with p-nitrophenol, the degradation of p-nitrophenol by a single biological nano ferrous sulfide is measured under the same conditions, and a degradation curve is drawn as a control, as shown in fig. 6 a.
Example 8:
this example differs from example 1 in that Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system was synthesized with 50. Mu.M aqueous ferric chloride solution and sodium thiosulfate solution, and 5000. Mu.M aqueous ferric chloride solution and sodium thiosulfate solution, respectively, washed, centrifuged, and resuspended in reaction buffer containing p-nitrophenol to control Shewanella OD 600 And =0.1, and the degradation of p-nitrophenol is determined as shown in fig. 6 a.
Example 9:
the difference between example 9 and example 5 is that sampling time is 0h and 35h, the obtained sample is centrifuged at 12000rpm for 5min to take a precipitate, a divalent iron change is measured by o-phenanthroline color development after digestion with hydrochloric acid, and a histogram is plotted as a control, as shown in fig. 6 b.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of organic pollutant degradation by a Shewanella-nanometer ferrous sulfide hybrid system, and the Shewanella consumes a carbon source such as sodium lactate and the like in a metabolic process, and synthesizes nanometer ferrous sulfide extracellularly by taking an iron source and a sulfur source of ferric trichloride and sodium thiosulfate as electron receptors to form the Shewanella-nanometer ferrous sulfide hybrid system. As shown in fig. 1, electrons generated in the process of cell metabolism are transmitted to the outside of cells through cytochromes and the like, and are continuously transmitted to the nano ferrous sulfide outside the cells, trivalent iron generated in the process of catalyzing and degrading pollutants by the ferrous sulfide is converted into divalent iron, so that the nano ferrous sulfide is continuously regenerated, the loss of the nano ferrous sulfide is greatly reduced while organic compounds are degraded by utilizing the efficient catalytic performance of the nano ferrous sulfide, and thus, the advantages of biological reducing force and strong catalytic performance of the nano ferrous sulfide are combined in the redox cycle process, so that the efficient and continuous degradation of the organic pollutants is realized.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the change of the content of the divalent iron in the process of constructing the shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system, wherein it can be seen that the content of the divalent iron gradually increases with time, and the system color gradually turns black in the process of synthesis through observation.
Fig. 3 (a) is an SEM electron microscope image of shewanella, fig. 3 (b) is an SEM electron microscope image of a shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system synthesized by using ferric chloride and sodium thiosulfate as an iron source and a sulfur source, from which shewanella in an oval shape and nano ferrous sulfide outside the shewanella in the hybrid system can be seen.
Fig. 4 is an EDS spectrum of biological nano ferrous sulfide, which shows the existence of iron and sulfur elements, and proves that the extracellular nanoparticles are iron sulfide.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system on degrading methyl violet, wherein the Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system comprises Shewanella, biosynthetic nano ferrous sulfide and Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system; the removal efficiency of the Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system to methyl violet is 4.15 times of that of wild Shewanella and 3.58 times of that of biological nano ferrous sulfide respectively obtained from the figure 5.
Fig. 6 (a) is a diagram showing the effect of the Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system on degrading p-nitrophenol, wherein the Shewanella, the bio-synthesized nano ferrous sulfide, and the Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system synthesized under different conditions are included; from the figure, feCl at 100. Mu.M can be obtained 3 And Na 2 S 2 O 3 The removal efficiency of the synthesized Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide heterozygous system on p-nitrophenol is 2.6 times that of wild Shewanella and 8.82 times that of biological nano ferrous sulfide respectively; feCl at 50. Mu.M 3 And Na 2 S 2 O 3 And 5000. Mu.M FeCl 3 And Na 2 S 2 O 3 The degradation efficiency of the synthesized Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system is slightly reduced, but compared with wild Shewanella and biological nanoThe ferrous sulfide efficiency is still improved by 2-4.8 times.
FIG. 6 (b) shows the change of divalent iron in the degradation process of p-nitrophenol in the Shewanella-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system and the biosynthetic nano ferrous sulfide control group; from the figure, it can be obtained that the ferrous content of the single nanometer ferrous sulfide system is gradually reduced along with the gradual reduction of the ferrous content in the degradation process, while the ferrous content of the Shewanella-nanometer ferrous sulfide system is hardly reduced after the single degradation of 70 mu M p-nitrophenol.
It is therefore intended that the following appended claims be interpreted as including all such alterations and permutations as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for degrading organic pollutants based on a biological nano hybrid system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
inoculating, activating and culturing Shewanella ornnedaensis purchased from ATCC American type strain collection and having the strain number ATCC700550 to obtain a bacterial liquid;
centrifuging the bacterial liquid obtained in the step (1), adding the centrifuged bacterial sludge into an anaerobic reaction buffer solution, adding a water-soluble ferric chloride solution and a sodium thiosulfate solution, and placing the mixture in a shaking table for culturing to obtain a Shewanella onadatchinsonii-nanometer ferrous sulfide hybrid system;
adding nutrient substances and different organic pollutants into the reaction buffer solution to obtain the reaction buffer solution containing the organic pollutants;
step (4) centrifuging and washing the Shewanella onadatumi-nano ferrous sulfide hybrid system obtained in the step (2), adding the centrifuged and washed system into the reaction buffer solution containing the organic pollutants obtained in the step (3) again to obtain an organic pollutant degradation system, and culturing the organic pollutant degradation system in a shaking table;
and (5) sampling in the organic pollutant degradation system obtained in the step (4) at regular time, and measuring the concentration of the organic pollutants in the samples at different times after high-speed centrifugation.
2. The method for degrading organic pollutants based on biological nano hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the concentration OD of the bacterial liquid obtained in the step (1) 600 The value is 0.5-4.
3. The method for degrading organic pollutants based on biological nano hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the final concentration OD of Shewanella onawa is obtained in the anaerobic reaction buffer of step (2) 600 The value is 0.05-5.
4. The method for degrading organic pollutants based on biological nano hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the final concentration of the water-soluble ferric chloride solution and the sodium thiosulfate solution in the reaction buffer solution in the step (2) is more than 50 μ M.
5. The method for degrading organic pollutants based on bionano hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the culturing conditions in the step (2) are as follows: the time is more than 5h, the rotating speed is 50-300rpm, and the temperature is 4-37 ℃.
6. The method for degrading organic pollutants based on biological nano hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the nutrients added in the step (3) comprise one or more mixed nutrients of lactate, formate, acetate and pyruvate.
7. The method for degrading organic pollutants by using biological nano hybrid system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the final concentration of Shewanella onawa is OD after resuspending the hybrid system in the step (4) 600 ＝0.05-5。
8. The method for degrading organic pollutants in bionano hybrid system according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of shaking table in the step (4) is 4-37 ℃.
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