CN112951678A - Liquid metal current limiter based on magnetic field triggering and current limiting method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid metal current limiter based on magnetic field triggering and current limiting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112951678A CN112951678A CN202110165986.8A CN202110165986A CN112951678A CN 112951678 A CN112951678 A CN 112951678A CN 202110165986 A CN202110165986 A CN 202110165986A CN 112951678 A CN112951678 A CN 112951678A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H29/00—Switches having at least one liquid contact
- H01H29/02—Details
- H01H29/04—Contacts; Containers for liquid contacts
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid metal current limiter based on magnetic field triggering and a current limiting method thereof. When the circuit breaks down to enable the current to exceed a preset threshold value, the liquid metal generates ampere force through the magnetic field to upwards enter the vertical channel, and the liquid metal liquid column is cut off to generate electric arcs to limit the current.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fault current limitation of medium and low voltage power systems, and particularly relates to a liquid metal current limiter based on magnetic field triggering and a current limiting method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development of national economy, the capacity of a power supply and distribution system is rapidly increased, the interconnection degree is deeper and deeper, the short-circuit current level of the system is continuously increased, and great threats and challenges are brought to the safe and stable operation of the system. The traditional medium-low voltage circuit breaker is low in breaking speed and difficult to effectively limit short-circuit current. Therefore, research on a fault current limiter with a relatively simple structure to limit the short-circuit level of the power system so as to protect other equipment and loads is an effective way to improve the reliability and economy of the power supply and distribution system.
The liquid metal current limiting technology is a potential current limiting technology, limits fault current by means of liquid metal arc, and has the characteristics of simple structure, self-recovery, reusability, no movable part, high response speed and good current limiting characteristic. DE 10018563B 4 discloses a typical construction of a liquid metal flow restrictor. The two metal electrodes are positioned on two sides of an insulating cavity filled with liquid metal, a plurality of insulating partition plates with narrow holes are arranged in the cavity, when short-circuit current flows, the liquid metal arcs at the narrow holes based on a magnetic shrinkage effect, and arc voltage is established, so that the short-circuit current is limited. For a liquid metal flow restrictor of this configuration, it is desirable to reduce the cross-sectional area of the narrow orifice in order to achieve faster fault response, i.e., faster arcing, but this results in a reduced rated current capacity of the flow restrictor. To this end, CN 101394085 a discloses a current limiter based on a combination of a fast change-over switch and a liquid metal. The quick change-over switch is connected with the liquid metal current limiter in parallel, and under the normal working condition, the current flows through the mechanical switch branch circuit, so that the loss is small, and the rated current capacity is high; under the condition of fault, the quick change-over switch is switched off, and the current is transferred to the branch circuit of the liquid metal current limiter, so that the current limiting function is realized. The structure can obviously improve the rated current capacity of the current limiter, but because of the introduction of a mechanical switch, the number of links is increased, and the structure is complicated. CN 106356237 a discloses a liquid metal circuit breaker. The operating mechanism pulls the insulating plate to move, so that the sectional area of the through-flow hole is changed, and the contradiction between rated through-flow and fault current limiting is balanced. But also because of the introduction of the operating mechanism, the whole structure becomes complicated, and it is difficult to realize the series connection of a plurality of units. CN 107507746 a discloses a liquid metal current limiting device. A metal baffle with a boss is placed in an insulating cavity filled with liquid metal. Under the condition of failure, the metal baffle is pushed to move by the repulsion coil, so that the liquid metal flows into the through hole to contract and strike arcs. This approach requires that the metal plate be pushed away first and then the liquid metal be retracted to initiate the arc, and the response speed is not fast enough. Secondly, how to accurately reset the metal baffle after the fault is over is a difficult problem. CN 109995006 a discloses a liquid metal fault current limiter, which triggers the main through hole to quickly start arc through small hole arc start, and has high fault response speed and high rated current capacity. However, the control loop is directly communicated with the main circuit, and cannot be electrically isolated, so that the control loop can only be applied to a system with lower voltage.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a liquid metal current limiter triggered based on a magnetic field and a current limiting method thereof.
The invention aims to realize the technical scheme that the liquid metal current limiter based on magnetic field triggering comprises a current limiter,
an insulating cavity body which is provided with a horizontal channel and a vertical channel, wherein the vertical channel is downwards communicated with the middle part of the horizontal channel, the horizontal channel is filled with liquid metal,
the left electrode and the right electrode are respectively arranged on two sides of the horizontal channel, the left electrode, the liquid metal in the horizontal channel and the right electrode form a circuit, when the circuit fails to enable the current to exceed a preset threshold value, the liquid metal generates an ampere force through a magnetic field to upwards enter the vertical channel, and the liquid metal is cut off to generate an electric arc to limit the current.
In the liquid metal current limiter, the magnetic field comprises a self-excitation field which can be generated by a circuit fault current.
In the liquid metal current limiter, the magnetic field can be provided by a separately excited magnetic field, and when the current exceeds a preset threshold value, the separately excited magnetic field enables the liquid metal to be acted by ampere force to enter the vertical channel upwards.
In the liquid metal current limiter, the separately excited magnetic field can be provided by a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil.
In the liquid metal flow restrictor, the predetermined threshold value is related to a cross-sectional dimension of the horizontal channel.
In the liquid metal flow restrictor, the cross-sectional dimension of the vertical channel is not smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the horizontal channel.
In the liquid metal current limiter, the cross sections reaching the horizontal channel and the vertical channel are circular, and the aperture of the horizontal channel is larger than 15 mm.
In the liquid metal current limiter, the liquid metal is gallium indium tin alloy.
In the liquid metal current limiter, the left electrode and the right electrode are made of copper.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a current limiting method using the magnetic field triggering-based liquid metal current limiter comprises the following steps:
the left electrode, the liquid metal in the horizontal channel and the right electrode form a circuit, under the normal working state, the liquid metal is not enough to be pushed by the electromagnetic force to move to the vertical channel to be in a steady state through-flow state,
when the circuit breaks down, the current is increased, the magnetic field applies ampere force to the liquid metal to enable the liquid metal below the vertical channel to upwards enter the vertical channel, the metal liquid column is cut off to generate electric arcs, and the electric arc voltage is established to limit the fault current in the circuit.
Advantageous effects
The invention has simple structure, no movable part and repeated use, and can quickly recover the conduction state after the current limiting action is finished, without additional maintenance work. The invention utilizes the magnetic force to cut off the liquid metal for arc striking, has extremely high speed, greatly improves the fault response speed of the current limiter, and is easy to realize the control of the arc striking process by adjusting the magnetic field intensity. The invention is different from the traditional magnetic shrinkage liquid metal current limiter, the aperture of the through-flow hole is not required to be reduced for enhancing the magnetic shrinkage effect, and a conductive channel with a larger aperture can be adopted, so that the rated current capacity of the current limiter is improved. The invention triggers arc striking through the action of the magnetic field, the control loop does not need to be in contact with the main loop, the electrical isolation is realized, and the safety and the reliability are improved.
The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is implemented by those skilled in the art to the extent that the present invention can be implemented according to the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following description is given by way of example of the specific embodiments of the present invention.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. Also, like parts are designated by like reference numerals throughout the drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the liquid metal flow restrictor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic field generation method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the magnetic field generation method of the present invention;
fig. 4 to 6 are schematic views of the arcing process of the liquid metal of the present invention in the event of a fault.
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 6. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, various names may be used to refer to a component. This specification and claims do not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
For the purpose of facilitating understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be made by taking specific embodiments as examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the drawings are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a liquid metal current limiter based on magnetic field triggering includes,
an insulating cavity 2 which is provided with a horizontal channel 4 and a vertical channel 7, wherein the vertical channel 7 is downwards communicated with the middle part of the horizontal channel 4, the horizontal channel 4 is filled with liquid metal 5,
and the left electrode 3 and the right electrode 6 are respectively arranged at two sides of the horizontal channel 4, the left electrode 3, the liquid metal 5 in the horizontal channel 4 and the right electrode 6 form a circuit, when the circuit is in failure so that the current exceeds a preset threshold value, the liquid metal 5 generates an ampere force through a magnetic field to enter the vertical channel 7 upwards, and the liquid metal 5 is cut off to generate an electric arc for limiting the current.
In the liquid metal current limiter, the magnetic field can be provided by a self-excitation field generated by circuit fault current.
In the liquid metal current limiter, the liquid metal current limiter can be further provided by a separate excitation magnetic field, and the separate excitation magnetic field enables the liquid metal 5 to be acted by ampere force to enter the vertical channel upwards in response to the current exceeding a preset threshold value.
In the liquid metal current limiter, a separate excitation magnetic field can be provided by a permanent magnet 9 or an electromagnetic coil 10.
In the liquid metal flow restrictor, the predetermined threshold value is related to the cross-sectional dimension of the horizontal channel 4.
In the liquid metal flow restrictor, the cross-sectional dimension of the vertical channel 7 is not smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the horizontal channel 4.
In the liquid metal current limiter, the cross sections reaching the horizontal channel 4 and the vertical channel 7 are circular, and the aperture of the horizontal channel 4 is larger than 15 mm.
In the liquid metal current limiter, the liquid metal 5 is gallium indium tin alloy.
In the liquid metal current limiter, the left electrode 3 and the right electrode 6 are made of copper.
The liquid metal current limiter triggered based on the magnetic field comprises an insulating cavity 2, a cover plate 1, a metal electrode, liquid metal 5 and the like. A horizontal channel 4 and a vertical channel 7 are respectively processed in the insulating cavity 2, and the two channels are vertical and communicated. The cover plate 1 is arranged above the insulating cavity 2. The electrodes are positioned at two sides of the horizontal channel 4, and the horizontal channel 4 is filled with liquid metal 5. The current limiter is connected in series in a circuit, and the current circulation path is a left electrode 3, liquid metal 5 and a right electrode 6 in a normal working state. In a fault condition, a transverse magnetic field is applied to the current limiter, which will generate a vertical upward ampere force on the liquid metal 5 in the horizontal channel 4, causing the liquid metal 5 below the vertical channel 7 to move upward. The liquid metal 5 moves into the vertical channel 7, so that a cavity appears in the horizontal channel 4, other liquid metals 5 cannot fill the cavity in time, the cavity is continuously enlarged along with the fact that more and more liquid metals 5 enter the vertical channel 7, and finally a liquid column in the horizontal channel 4 is broken to cause arcing. Thereby establishing an arc voltage limiting the short circuit current.
The transverse magnetic field according to the invention can be generated in two ways. The way is self-excitation field, i.e. generated by the fault current itself; the other way is to separately excite the magnetic field, namely to generate the magnetic field by an external auxiliary device.
If the first method is adopted, the shape of the conductive loop of the device needs to be changed to some extent, mainly the shape of the right electrode 6 is changed, so that the current flow direction of the right electrode is opposite to the current flow direction in the liquid metal 5, and a repulsion effect is generated.
If the second method is adopted, the permanent magnet 9 or the electromagnetic coil 10 is required to be additionally arranged on the side wall of the device to generate a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flowing direction, so that the ampere force is applied to the liquid metal 5.
To further understand the present invention, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a liquid metal current limiter based on magnetic field triggering. The current limiter comprises a cover plate 1, an insulating cavity 2, a left electrode 3, a right electrode 6, a horizontal channel 4, liquid metal 5, a vertical channel 7 and the like. A horizontal channel 4 and a vertical channel 7 are respectively processed in the insulating cavity 2, and the two channels are vertical and communicated. The cover plate 1 is fixed above the insulating cavity 2. The left electrode 3 and the right electrode 6 are positioned at two sides of the horizontal channel 4, and the horizontal channel 4 is filled with liquid metal 5.
As shown in fig. 1, the current limiter is connected in series in the circuit, and in a normal operation state, a path through which a load current I flows is a left electrode 3, a liquid metal 5, and a right electrode 6.
In a preferred embodiment, the material of the electrodes 3 and 6 is copper, which possesses good electrical and thermal conductivity. The liquid metal 5 is made of gallium indium tin alloy, and has the characteristics of low melting point, high boiling point and no toxicity. The horizontal channel 4 is a circular through hole, and the aperture is larger than 15 mm. Because the aperture is large, the high-power-density coaxial cable can bear large rated current, and is particularly suitable for large-capacity power systems. It should be noted that the size of the aperture of the horizontal channel 4 is related to the rated current to be carried, and the shape and cross-sectional area can be changed in several ways without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a magnetic field B is applied to the current limiter, vertically into the plane of the paper, which according to the left-hand rule will generate a vertically upward ampere force on the liquid metal 5 in the horizontal channel 4, which force, if large enough, will move the liquid metal 5 into the vertical channel 7.
This magnetic field can be generated in two ways. The way is from the excitation field, i.e. generated by the fault current itself, as shown in fig. 2; the other way is to separately excite the magnetic field, i.e. to be generated by an external auxiliary device, as shown in fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 2, in a first mode, a certain change is made to the shape of the right electrode, as shown in fig. 8. In this case the current in the liquid metal 5 flows in the opposite direction to the current in the second right electrode 8 below it, replacing the right electrode 6, and thus a repulsive action is created, subjecting the liquid metal to an upward ampere force.
Under normal working conditions, the load current I is small, and the ampere force acts to cause the liquid metal 5 to generate certain disturbance, but the liquid metal cannot move upwards rapidly. Only in the case of a fault, the current increases rapidly and reaches the design value, so that the liquid metal 5 can be cut off and arcing. It should be noted that the value of the operating current of the present invention can be changed by the structural design and parameter selection of the current limiter, and these values are all within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the concept of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, in the second mode, a magnetic field is generated by an external auxiliary device. Fig. 3 is a side view of fig. 1 with the left electrode 3 and the right electrode 6 hidden. 9 and 10 are permanent magnets or electromagnetic coils and are positioned on the side wall of the insulating cavity 2. A magnetic field B can be generated perpendicular to the current in the liquid metal 5. If an electromagnetic coil is used, the coil can be discharged through an external auxiliary discharge circuit under the fault condition, and a strong magnetic field is generated.
As shown in fig. 4, in the event of a fault, the current I increases rapidly, subjecting the liquid metal 5 to an ampere force F much greater than that in the normal through-flow condition, pushing it rapidly into the vertical channel 7. The position resulting in the communication between the horizontal channel 4 and the vertical channel 7 creates a cavity 11.
As shown in fig. 5, as more and more liquid metal 5 enters the vertical channel 7, the cavity volume increases, eventually leading to a break in the path of the liquid metal in the horizontal channel 4, with consequent arc 12.
As shown in fig. 6, after the arc is generated, because of its high temperature and high pressure, which results in the vaporization of more liquid metal, an elongation develops in the horizontal channel 4, as indicated by 13. The arc voltage is rapidly increased and presents a high resistance state to the outside, thereby generating a limiting effect on fault current.
After the fault is over, the liquid metal will flow back into the horizontal channel 4 due to good fluidity and the restrictor will return to the state of fig. 1, ready for the next action. The invention has simple structure design, few accessories, no maintenance, long service life and repeated use because no other movable parts are arranged except that the liquid metal is fluid.
The invention can cut off and strike the liquid metal by magnetic force, to improve the response speed, with larger rated current capacity, to obtain better current limit effect.
A current limiting method using the liquid metal current limiter triggered based on the magnetic field comprises the following steps:
the left electrode, the liquid metal in the horizontal channel and the right electrode form a circuit, under the normal working state, the liquid metal is not enough to be pushed by the electromagnetic force to move to the vertical channel to be in a steady state through-flow state,
when the circuit breaks down, the current is increased, the magnetic field applies ampere force to the liquid metal to enable the liquid metal below the vertical channel to upwards enter the vertical channel, the metal liquid column is cut off to generate electric arcs, and the electric arc voltage is established to limit the fault current in the circuit.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and application fields, and the above-described embodiments are illustrative, instructive, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous modifications thereto without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A liquid metal current limiter based on magnetic field triggering comprises,
an insulating cavity body which is provided with a horizontal channel and a vertical channel, wherein the vertical channel is downwards communicated with the middle part of the horizontal channel, the horizontal channel is filled with liquid metal,
the left electrode and the right electrode are respectively arranged on two sides of the horizontal channel, the left electrode, the liquid metal in the horizontal channel and the right electrode form a passage, when the current exceeds a preset threshold value due to circuit faults, the liquid metal generates ampere force through a magnetic field to upwards enter the vertical channel, and the liquid metal is cut off to generate electric arcs so as to limit the current.
2. A liquid metal current limiter according to claim 1 wherein preferably the magnetic field is provided by a self-exciting field generated by a circuit fault current.
3. A liquid metal current limiter according to claim 1 wherein the magnetic field is also provided by a separately excited magnetic field which causes the liquid metal to be acted upon by an ampere force up into the vertical channel in response to the current exceeding a predetermined threshold.
4. A liquid metal current limiter according to claim 3 wherein the separately excited magnetic field may be provided by a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil.
5. A liquid metal flow restrictor according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined threshold is related to a cross-sectional dimension of the horizontal channel.
6. A liquid metal flow restrictor according to claim 1, wherein the vertical channel has a cross-sectional dimension that is no less than a cross-sectional dimension of the horizontal channel.
7. A liquid metal flow restrictor according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal and vertical channels are circular in cross-section with a horizontal channel aperture greater than 15 mm.
8. The liquid metal flow restrictor of claim 1, wherein the liquid metal is a gallium indium tin alloy.
9. The liquid metal flow restrictor of claim 1, wherein the material of the left and right electrodes is copper.
10. A current limiting method using a magnetic field triggering based liquid metal current limiter according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising the steps of:
the left electrode, the liquid metal in the horizontal channel and the right electrode form a circuit, under the normal working state, the liquid metal is not enough to be pushed by the electromagnetic force to move to the vertical channel to be in a steady state through-flow state,
when the circuit breaks down, the current is increased, the magnetic field applies ampere force to the liquid metal to enable the liquid metal below the vertical channel to upwards enter the vertical channel, the metal liquid column is cut off to generate electric arcs, and the electric arc voltage is established to limit the fault current in the circuit.
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| US4663503A (en) * | 1979-07-02 | 1987-05-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | MHD pinch interrupting switch for high currents |
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