CN112946078B - Composite material bonding quality evaluation and early damage identification method and system - Google Patents
Composite material bonding quality evaluation and early damage identification method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite material cementing quality evaluation and early damage identification method and a system, comprising the following steps of: conditioning and optimizing the excitation frequency ranges of the obtained low-frequency pump wave and the high-frequency probe wave; acquiring a nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal according to the optimized low-frequency pump wave and the optimized high-frequency probe wave; calculating a probability density function between each eigenmode function component of the nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal; acquiring KL divergence between modal component probability density functions; obtaining effective modal components according to the KL divergence; according to the method, the first arrival wave packet flight time, the mixing modulation parameter, the frequency modulation parameter and the amplitude modulation parameter are obtained according to the effective modal component, the gluing quality of the composite material is evaluated, and early damage is identified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing of composite material bonding quality, in particular to a method and a system for evaluating the bonding quality of a composite material and identifying early damage.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The carbon fiber composite material is connected into a non-detachable whole by means of the adhesive, has the advantages of high shearing and fatigue strength, weak stress concentration, reduced machining damage and the like, well avoids the defects of mechanical connection modes such as bolts, rivets and the like, and is widely applied to the military and civil fields. However, the composite material glue joint is very susceptible to glue parameter design, glue process and service environment, and has the problems of low anti-pulling strength, unstable connection performance and the like, so that the safety of the whole working system is affected, and even major accidents are caused; therefore, the research of the method for evaluating the quality of the glue joint of the carbon fiber composite material has important practical significance for more reliably applying the glue joint structure to engineering practice.
Scholars at home and abroad develop a great deal of effective research work in the field of quality evaluation of the glue joint of the carbon fiber composite material, and use various nondestructive testing technologies (particularly ultrasonic technology) to evaluate the health condition of the glue joint; in the ultrasonic technology, incident longitudinal waves or transverse waves propagate in the adhesive joint, and various changes of acoustic signal characteristics (such as generation of higher harmonics or additional sidebands, time-of-flight delay, energy dissipation and the like) are introduced into response signals, so that defects in the adhesive joint can be identified and the quality of the adhesive joint can be evaluated; in the research work in the field, some researchers selectively excite and detect Lamb waves in an S0 mode by using PZT for two different types of bonding defects (poor curing and peeling) of the wing skin of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and establish sensitive correlation between ultrasonic energy transmission strength and bonding conditions of a bonded joint; some researchers also excite pump waves (large amplitude and low frequency) and probe waves (small amplitude and low frequency) based on a vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) technology, and extract nonlinear sideband components for detecting the delamination defects in the composite material; finally, some other scholars extract a feature matrix based on the amplitude between the interface reflection peaks and the principal component analysis from the ultrasonic detection result as a source of a statistical data fusion algorithm aiming at the single-lap composite material glue joint, and evaluate the bonding quality of the adhesive by quantitatively comparing different data fusion features.
The inventors have found that although linear/nonlinear ultrasound techniques have been effectively applied in the field of quality assessment of glue joints and have proven to be more sensitive to early micro-defects, nonlinear ultrasound detection requires reliance on precise structural resonance a priori information to achieve more significant defect sensitivity. Meanwhile, the attenuation of sound wave signals caused by the composite material and the glue layer leads effective nonlinear sound wave characteristics to be easily submerged by noise. Therefore, the effectiveness of the nonlinear ultrasonic technology for evaluating the quality of the composite material glue joint is reduced, and the research on the nonlinear acoustic evaluation of the quality of the carbon fiber composite material glue joint is less, so that the effective nonlinear acoustic evaluation of the quality and the early damage of the carbon fiber composite material glue joint is a difficult point to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a method for evaluating the bonding quality and identifying early damage of a carbon composite material, and solves the problem of effectively evaluating the bonding quality and early damage of the carbon fiber composite material in a nonlinear acoustic manner.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a composite material bonding quality evaluation and early damage identification method, which comprises the following steps:
conditioning and optimizing the excitation frequency ranges of the obtained low-frequency pump wave and the high-frequency probe wave;
acquiring a nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal according to the optimized low-frequency pump wave and the optimized high-frequency probe wave;
calculating a probability density function between each eigenmode function component of the nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal;
acquiring KL divergence between modal component probability density functions; obtaining effective modal components according to the KL divergence;
and acquiring the flight time, mixing modulation parameters, frequency modulation parameters and amplitude modulation parameters of the first arriving wave packet according to the effective modal components, and evaluating the gluing quality and identifying early damage of the composite material.
Further, the low-frequency pump wave and the high-frequency probe wave are linear sine sweep-frequency waves or chirp waves.
Further, separately exciting the low-frequency pump wave and the high-frequency probe wave to obtain a low-frequency response signal and a high-frequency response signal, performing modal analysis on the high-frequency response signal and the low-frequency response signal, and conditioning and optimizing the excitation ranges of the low-frequency pump wave and the high-frequency probe wave according to the result of the modal analysis.
And further, exciting the low-frequency pump wave and the high-frequency probe wave which are subjected to conditioning optimization at the same time, completing a nonlinear acoustic modulation detection experiment, and obtaining a nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal.
Furthermore, the nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal is subjected to variation modal decomposition to obtain an eigenmode function component.
Further, calculating the slope between adjacent KL divergence degrees, and obtaining a boundary point between the effective modal component and the noise modal component of the jth order corresponding to the maximum slope, wherein the mode lower than the jth order is the effective modal component, and the mode higher than the jth order is the noise modal component.
Further, signal reconstruction is carried out on the effective modal component to obtain a reconstructed modulation signal, and the first arrival wave packet flight time of the reconstructed modulation signal is calculated according to the reconstructed modulation signal.
Further, the effective modal component is converted into an angular domain, a order domain spectrum is obtained according to an angular domain signal, modulation sideband components are extracted by using the order domain spectrum, and frequency mixing modulation parameters are calculated.
Further, the instantaneous frequency and the instantaneous amplitude of the effective modal component are obtained, the power spectral density of the instantaneous amplitude and the instantaneous frequency are analyzed respectively, and the frequency modulation parameter and the amplitude modulation parameter are calculated respectively according to the obtained frequency spectrums.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a composite material bonding quality assessment and early damage identification system, including: the first HIGH POWER OUT channel and the second HIGH POWER OUT channel of the ultrasonic measuring instrument are respectively connected with the first piezoelectric transducer and the second piezoelectric transducer, the RECEIVER channel and the RECEIVER RF MONITOR channel of the ultrasonic measuring instrument are respectively connected with the third piezoelectric transducer and the oscilloscope, the first piezoelectric transducer and the second piezoelectric transducer are used for being stuck on the surface of a first material layer of the composite material, and the third piezoelectric transducer is used for being stuck on the surface of a second material layer of the composite material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, the first arrival wave packet flight time, the mixing modulation parameter, the frequency modulation parameter and the amplitude modulation parameter are obtained according to the nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal, the gluing quality of the composite material is evaluated, early damage is identified, and the problem of effective nonlinear acoustic evaluation on the gluing connection quality and the early damage of the carbon fiber composite material is solved.
2. The method of the invention adopts linear sine sweep frequency wave or chirp wave as low-frequency pumping excitation and high-frequency detection excitation, improves the nonlinear acoustic modulation detection technology, can adapt to wider structural resonance working conditions, avoids excessive dependence on structural prior information, and utilizes engineering practical application.
3. According to the method, the variable-mode decomposition technology is utilized to decompose the non-stable mixing frequency modulation signal, the effective modal component is identified more accurately by defining the KL divergence difference, the ineffective noise component is filtered, the mixing frequency modulation signal is reconstructed, and the phenomenon that effective nonlinear sound wave characteristics are easily submerged by noise due to sound wave signal attenuation caused by a composite material and a glue layer is avoided.
4. The method establishes the multi-dimensional nonlinear acoustic evaluation indexes including the mixing modulation parameters, the frequency modulation parameters and the amplitude modulation parameters, combines the linear acoustic characteristic parameter of the first arrival wave packet flight time, can detect and quantify the internal defects of the multi-class composite material in the bonding process more sensitively and accurately, and can evaluate and monitor the bonding quality more comprehensively and effectively.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic system diagram according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
the system comprises an advanced ultrasonic measuring instrument RITEC RAM-5000 SNAP, a first piezoelectric transducer, a second piezoelectric transducer, a third piezoelectric transducer, a oscilloscope, a first material layer, a second material layer, a first impedance, a first attenuator, a second impedance, a second attenuator, a preamplifier and an upper computer, wherein the advanced ultrasonic measuring instrument RITEC RAM-5000 SNAP comprises 1, the first piezoelectric transducer, 3, the second piezoelectric transducer, 4, the third piezoelectric transducer, 5, the oscilloscope, 6, the first material layer, 7, the second material layer, 8, the first impedance, 9, the first attenuator, 10, the second impedance, 11, the second attenuator, 12, the preamplifier and 13.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As described in the background art, effective nonlinear acoustic evaluation of the quality and early damage of the carbon fiber composite material glue joint is a difficult point to be solved, and in order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a method for evaluating the quality and identifying early damage of composite material glue joint.
In example 1, which is an exemplary embodiment of the present application, and is shown in fig. 1, a method for evaluating the cementing quality and identifying early damage of a composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1: for the obtained low-frequency pump wave excitation frequency range (f) 1 -f 2 ) And the excitation frequency range (f) of the high-frequency probe wave 3 -f 4 ) And (4) conditioning optimization is carried out.
The specific method comprises the following steps: the excitation frequency ranges of the low-frequency pump wave and the HIGH-frequency probe wave are preset in the upper computer, preferably, the excitation frequency range of the low-frequency pump wave is 40-60kHz, and the excitation frequency range of the HIGH-frequency probe wave is 150-350kHz), and the first HIGH POWER OUT channel and the second HIGH POWER OUT channel of the ultrasonic measuring instrument are used for respectively and independently exciting the low-frequency pump wave and the HIGH-frequency probe wave to obtain a low-frequency response signal R2 and a HIGH-frequency response signal R1.
And performing modal analysis on the high-frequency response signal and the low-frequency response signal, and conditioning and optimizing the excitation frequency ranges of the low-frequency pump wave and the high-frequency probe wave. The excitation frequency conditioning optimization principle is as follows: 1) the excitation range of the high-frequency probe wave should contain a significant resonance frequency band of the structure; 2) the frequency and amplitude of the low frequency pump waves should be sufficient to excite higher harmonics in the structure.
In the embodiment, the low-frequency pump wave and the high-frequency probe wave adopt sine frequency Sweep waves (Sweep) or Chirp waves (Chirp), the nonlinear acoustic modulation detection technology is improved, the method can adapt to wider structural resonance working conditions, the excessive dependence on structural prior information is avoided, and the practical engineering application is utilized.
Step 2: and acquiring a nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal R3 according to the optimized low-frequency pump wave and the optimized high-frequency probe wave.
Further, the specific method comprises the following steps:
simultaneously exciting the low-frequency pump wave and the HIGH-frequency probe wave after conditioning and optimization by using a first HIGH POWER OUT channel and a second HIGH POWER OUT channel of the ultrasonic measuring instrument, completing a nonlinear acoustic modulation detection experiment, obtaining a nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal, and completing display, acquisition and storage through RECEIVER RF MONITOR and RECEIVER channels in the ultrasonic measuring instrument respectively;
and step 3: a modal component probability density function is calculated between each eigenmode function component of the nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal.
Further, the specific method comprises the following steps:
performing a Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) on the nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal to obtain an eigenmode function component (IMF).
Calculating a Probability Density Function (PDF) of the nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal and each eigenmode Function component by using a kernel Density estimation method.
Calculating the above-mentioned notKL divergence D between a linear acoustic modulation response signal and the probability density function PDFs for each of the eigenmode function components i The formula is as follows:
wherein PDF represents a probability density function of the non-linear acoustic modulation response signal, PDF i Representing the probability density function of the ith eigenmode function component.
Calculating the slope between every two adjacent KL divergence degrees to obtain the maximum slope beta j =max(D i+1 -D i )。β j The corresponding j-th order mode is a boundary point between the effective mode component and the noise mode component, the mode lower than the j order mode is the effective mode component, and the mode higher than the j order mode is the noise mode component.
The variable-mode decomposition technology is utilized to decompose the non-stable mixing modulation signal, the KL divergence difference is defined to more accurately identify the effective modal component, the ineffective noise component is filtered, the mixing modulation signal is reconstructed, and the phenomenon that effective nonlinear sound wave characteristics are easily submerged by noise due to sound wave signal attenuation caused by composite materials and glue layers is avoided.
And 4, step 4: according to the effective modal components, the first arrival wave packet flight time, the mixing modulation parameters, the frequency modulation parameters and the amplitude modulation parameters are obtained, and the gluing quality of the composite material is evaluated and early damage is identified.
Further, the specific method comprises the following steps:
and performing signal reconstruction on the effective modal component to obtain a reconstructed modulation signal, and calculating the Time of Flight (TOF) of a first arrival wave packet of the reconstructed modulation signal.
And converting the effective modal component into an angular domain by using a resampling method, and performing Fourier transform (FFT) on the angular domain signal to obtain an order domain spectrum. Extracting modulation sideband components by using the order domain spectrum, and calculating a mixing modulation parameter M:
wherein, In (F) H ±nF L )、In(F H )、In(F L ) Respectively, the spectral density integrals of the modulation sidebands, high frequency and low frequency components in the order domain spectrum.
In this embodiment, effective modal components are resampled and fourier transformed to obtain corresponding angular domain spectrum and order domain spectrum, which is more convenient for extracting and quantizing complex frequency mixing modulation sideband components.
Instantaneous frequency and instantaneous amplitude of effective modal components are obtained by using Hilbert transform, power spectral density analysis (PSD) is respectively carried out on the instantaneous amplitude and the instantaneous frequency, and a frequency modulation parameter MF and an amplitude modulation parameter MA are respectively calculated according to the obtained frequency spectrums:
wherein, In (F) H ±nF L )、In(F H )、In(F L ) Respectively, the spectral density integrals of the modulation sidebands, high frequency and low frequency components in the spectrum.
Establishing a multi-dimensional nonlinear acoustic evaluation index containing a mixing modulation parameter M, a frequency modulation parameter MF and an amplitude modulation parameter MA, and combines the linear acoustic parameter of the first arrival wave packet flight Time (TOF) to monitor whether the indexes or parameters change steadily in real time, if the change is smooth, the gluing quality is good, and if the index or parameter has a significant increasing trend and exceeds the set threshold value, early gluing damage is possible, if the index or parameter variation value exceeds a set threshold value, the inside of the composite material is considered to have damage and the bonding quality is poor, otherwise, the bonding quality is considered to be good, the bonding quality evaluation and early damage identification of the composite material are realized, the method can detect and quantify the internal defects of the multi-class composite material bonding more sensitively and accurately, and can evaluate and monitor the bonding quality more comprehensively and effectively.
By adopting the method of the embodiment, the problem of effectively and nonlinearly evaluating the bonding connection quality and the early damage of the carbon fiber composite material is solved.
Example 2:
the embodiment discloses a composite material gluing quality evaluation and early damage identification system, which is shown in fig. 2 and comprises an ultrasonic measuring instrument, wherein the ultrasonic measuring instrument preferably adopts an advanced ultrasonic measuring instrument RITEC RAM-5000 SNAP1, a first HIGH POWER OUT channel and a second HIGH POWER OUT channel of the advanced ultrasonic measuring instrument RITEC RAM-5000 SNAP are respectively connected with a first piezoelectric transducer 2 and a second piezoelectric transducer 3 through conducting wires, a RECEIVER channel and a RECEIVER RF MONITOR channel of the advanced ultrasonic measuring instrument RITEC RAM-5000 SNAP are respectively connected with a third piezoelectric transducer 4 and an oscilloscope 5 through conducting wires, the first piezoelectric transducer, the second piezoelectric transducer are used for being pasted on the surface of a first material layer 6 of a composite material, and the third piezoelectric transducer is used for being pasted on the surface of a second material layer 7 of the composite material.
Preferably, the first HIGH POWER OUT channel of the advanced ultrasonic measurement instrument RITEC RAM-5000 SNAP is provided with a first impedance 8 of 50 Ω and a first attenuator 9 in series on the connecting lead of the first piezoelectric transducer.
Preferably, a second HIGH POWER OUT channel of the advanced ultrasonic measuring instrument RITEC RAM-5000 SNAP and a connecting lead of the second piezoelectric transducer are provided with a second impedance 10 of 50 omega and a second attenuator 11 in series.
Preferably, a preamplifier 12 is arranged in series on the RECEIVER channel of the advanced ultrasonic measurement instrument RITEC RAM-5000 SNAP and the connecting lead of the third piezoelectric transducer.
The advanced ultrasonic measurement instrument RITEC RAM-5000 SNAP is connected with the upper computer 13 and can receive the instruction of the upper computer to work.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A composite material cementing quality evaluation and early damage identification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
conditioning and optimizing the excitation frequency ranges of the obtained low-frequency pump wave and the high-frequency probe wave;
acquiring a nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal according to the optimized low-frequency pump wave and the optimized high-frequency probe wave;
calculating a probability density function between each eigenmode function component of the nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal;
acquiring KL divergence between modal component probability density functions; obtaining effective modal components according to the KL divergence;
acquiring first arrival wave packet flight time, mixing modulation parameters, frequency modulation parameters and amplitude modulation parameters according to the effective modal components, and evaluating the gluing quality and identifying early damage of the composite material;
calculating the slope between adjacent KL divergence degrees, and obtaining a boundary point between a j-th order mode corresponding to the maximum slope, namely an effective mode component and a noise mode component, wherein the mode lower than the j order is the effective mode component, and the mode higher than the j order is the noise mode component;
performing signal reconstruction on the effective modal component to obtain a reconstructed modulation signal, and calculating the first arrival wave packet flight time of the reconstructed modulation signal according to the reconstructed modulation signal;
converting the effective modal component into an angular domain, obtaining a order domain spectrum according to an angular domain signal, extracting modulation sideband components by using the order domain spectrum, and calculating a mixing modulation parameter;
acquiring instantaneous frequency and instantaneous amplitude of the effective modal component, performing power spectral density analysis on the instantaneous amplitude and the instantaneous frequency respectively, and calculating frequency modulation parameters and amplitude modulation parameters respectively according to the obtained frequency spectrums;
and separately exciting the low-frequency pump wave and the high-frequency probe wave to obtain a low-frequency response signal and a high-frequency response signal, performing modal analysis on the high-frequency response signal and the low-frequency response signal, and conditioning and optimizing the excitation ranges of the low-frequency pump wave and the high-frequency probe wave according to the modal analysis result.
2. The method for composite material cementing quality evaluation and early damage identification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low-frequency pump wave and the high-frequency probe wave are linear sinusoidal sweep waves or chirp waves.
3. The method for composite material cementing quality evaluation and early damage identification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conditioned and optimized low-frequency pump wave and high-frequency probe wave are excited simultaneously to complete the nonlinear acoustic modulation detection experiment and obtain the nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal.
4. The method for composite material cementing quality evaluation and early damage identification as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nonlinear acoustic modulation response signal is subjected to variation modal decomposition to obtain eigenmode function components.
5. A composite material bonding quality assessment and early damage identification system, which realizes the composite material bonding quality assessment and early damage identification method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: the first HIGH POWER OUT channel and the second HIGH POWER OUT channel of the ultrasonic measuring instrument are respectively connected with the first piezoelectric transducer and the second piezoelectric transducer, the RECEIVER channel and the RECEIVER RF MONITOR channel of the ultrasonic measuring instrument are respectively connected with the third piezoelectric transducer and the oscilloscope, the first piezoelectric transducer and the second piezoelectric transducer are used for being stuck on the surface of a first material layer of the composite material, and the third piezoelectric transducer is used for being stuck on the surface of a second material layer of the composite material.
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