CN112945205B - Ultrafast multi-frame two-dimensional image detection method and device - Google Patents
Ultrafast multi-frame two-dimensional image detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of image detection, and provides a method and a device for detecting a plurality of ultrafast two-dimensional images, which solve the problem that the number of effective pixels of an image is limited when the two-dimensional image detection is realized by combining an image conversion structure and a stripe camera, a stripe pipe receives an input image through a first image coupling structure and outputs the image to the camera through a second image coupling structure and is recorded, the invention is additionally provided with an image conversion structure and a stripe pipe control circuit, the two-dimensional images are received by the image conversion structure and rearranged into n rows of one-dimensional images for output, the stripe pipe control circuit controls a stripe pipe to gate and scan the n rows of one-dimensional images, the continuous sequence images of the n rows of one-dimensional images within a specific time are output from the stripe pipe, the output images of the stripe pipe are recorded by the camera and uploaded to a computer, the images recorded by the computer are restored according to the one-to-one correspondence relationship of the two-dimensional images and the one-dimensional images of the image conversion structure, a sequence of consecutive two-dimensional images is obtained over a particular time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of image detection, and particularly relates to a device for realizing ultrahigh-time-resolution multi-frame two-dimensional image detection based on the cooperation of an image conversion structure and a streak tube control circuit, in particular to a method and a device for detecting ultrafast multi-frame two-dimensional images, which are suitable for continuously acquiring multi-frame ultrahigh-time-resolution two-dimensional optical image information once.
Background
The method for acquiring the information of the plurality of ultrahigh time resolution two-dimensional optical images at different moments plays an important role in the research fields of physics, chemistry, biomedicine and the like, and is an important means for analyzing and researching the ultrafast process. The traditional method for acquiring multiple ultrahigh time resolution two-dimensional optical images at different moments is realized through a framing camera, the framing camera performs multi-framing processing on the optical images through a light splitting optical path based on a spectroscope or a reflector and the like, then a plurality of image enhancement type cameras are used for recording, the time resolution is in the order of 30ps at the fastest speed under the influence of factors such as space charge effect in an image intensifier, and in addition, more framing images are acquired by using more light splitting and more image enhancement type cameras, so that the problems of system sensitivity reduction, difficulty in integration of an optical structure and the like are caused. The fringe camera has an ultra-high time resolution characteristic, and the time resolution can reach hundreds of fs magnitude at the fastest speed, however, the fringe camera is limited in application because the fringe camera usually only detects one-dimensional images on one line. In recent years, the detection of two-dimensional images by using a stripe camera is developed, wherein the Lihong V.Wang team proposes that the detection of two-dimensional images by using the stripe camera is realized based on a compression method, but the method needs image restoration algorithm reconstruction to obtain a plurality of two-dimensional light image sequences in continuous time; the united states liprmor national laboratory proposes a method based on space sampling to realize the detection of a plurality of ultrahigh time resolution two-dimensional images by using a fringe camera, the two-dimensional images are rearranged into a row according to pixels by sampling through a plurality of pinholes or optical fibers, then the row of one-dimensional images are detected by using the fringe camera, and then a plurality of two-dimensional image sequences in continuous time are restored and obtained by using the corresponding relation of the pixels of the two-dimensional images and the one-dimensional images, but the effective pixel number of the images is limited because the two-dimensional images are only arranged into a row by sampling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for detecting a plurality of ultrafast multi-dimensional images, aiming at the problem that the number of effective pixels of the two-dimensional images obtained when the detection of the plurality of ultrahigh time resolution two-dimensional images is realized by using a stripe camera based on a sampling method is limited, an image conversion structure is used for receiving the two-dimensional images and rearranging the two-dimensional images into n rows of one-dimensional images to be output, a stripe tube control circuit is used for controlling a stripe tube to realize image gating and scanning of the n rows of one-dimensional images in a specific time, the output images of the stripe tube are recorded by a recording camera, and a computer restores the recorded images into a continuous multi-dimensional image sequence in the specific time by using the corresponding relation of each pixel between the two-dimensional images and the n rows of one-dimensional images in the image conversion structure.
The invention provides a method for detecting ultrafast multiple two-dimensional images, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
time gating is carried out on the input image of the streak tube, so that image overlapping of n rows of one-dimensional images on the image output surface of the streak tube after scanning of the streak tube is avoided;
and 5, restoring by the computer according to the one-to-one correspondence relationship of the pixels of the two-dimensional image of the image conversion structure and the rearranged n rows of one-dimensional images to obtain a plurality of continuous two-dimensional images within a specific time.
The invention also provides an ultrafast multi-two-dimensional image detection device, which is characterized in that: the device comprises an image conversion structure, a first image coupling structure, a streak tube control circuit, a second image coupling structure, a recording camera and a computer;
the image conversion structure is used for receiving the two-dimensional image and rearranging the two-dimensional image into n rows of one-dimensional images for output; wherein n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2;
the first image coupling structure is used for imaging the n rows of one-dimensional images to the image input surface of the streak tube;
the streak tube has an image input gating function;
the streak tube control circuit is used for controlling a streak tube to carry out time gating on the n rows of one-dimensional images, and the n rows of one-dimensional images after time gating are output in different space regions of the output surface of the streak tube image after being scanned by the streak tube;
the second image coupling structure is used for imaging the scanned images of the n rows of one-dimensional images output by the streak tube to the image surface of the recording camera;
the recording camera is used for recording the output image of the streak tube and uploading the output image to the computer;
and the computer is used for restoring the two-dimensional images acquired by the image conversion structure and the one-to-one corresponding relation of the pixels of the rearranged n rows of one-dimensional images to obtain a plurality of continuous two-dimensional images within a specific time.
Furthermore, the image conversion structure is formed by arranging optical fibers, wherein the input end of each optical fiber is used as a two-dimensional image input end, and the output end of each optical fiber is used as a one-dimensional image output end;
the two-dimensional image input end is used for receiving a two-dimensional image, and the one-dimensional image output end is used for outputting n rows of one-dimensional images;
at the input end of the two-dimensional image, the input ends of the optical fibers are arranged into a two-dimensional array according to a specific sequence; at the output end of the one-dimensional image, the output ends of the optical fibers are arranged into n rows of one-dimensional arrays according to a specific sequence; the two-dimensional image input end and each pixel of the one-dimensional image output end have a one-to-one correspondence relationship.
Furthermore, at the input end of the two-dimensional image, rectangular optical fiber arrays with m × k pixel numbers are arranged on the input end face of the optical fibers, the array units are sub-rectangular optical fiber arrays consisting of a × b optical fibers, and each array unit corresponds to one pixel unit; wherein m, k, a and b are natural numbers;
the row number of n rows of one-dimensional images in the image conversion structure is determined according to the balance relation between the effective pixel number i of a single image and the single framing number j, wherein M is i multiplied by j, M is the total effective pixel number of the output image surface of the streak tube, n is i/s at the output end of the one-dimensional image of the image conversion structure, the result is rounded upwards, and s is the effective pixel number of the output image surface of the streak tube in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction.
Furthermore, at the two-dimensional image input end, a rectangular optical fiber array with the number of pixels of 64 × 64 is arranged on the optical fiber input end face, the array unit is a sub-rectangular optical fiber array formed by 4 × 4 optical fibers, and each array unit corresponds to one pixel unit;
at the output end of the one-dimensional image, every 8 rows of the two-dimensional optical fiber array are arranged end to form a row of one-dimensional optical fiber array, each row of one-dimensional optical fiber array comprises 512 array units, and the array units are arranged into 8 rows of one-dimensional optical fiber arrays.
Furthermore, the streak tube control circuit comprises a gating signal output circuit and a scanning signal output circuit;
the gate signal output circuit and the scanning signal output circuit synchronously output gate signals and scanning signals;
the gating signal is used for controlling a photocathode of the streak tube to realize optical image gating in specific time, and the scanning signal is used for controlling the streak tube to scan the gated optical image.
Further, the first image coupling structure and the second image coupling structure are light cones or lenses.
Further, when the first image coupling structure is a light cone, the fringe tube image input end is an optical fiber panel interface;
when the second image coupling structure is a light cone, the image output end of the streak tube and the image input end of the recording camera are both optical fiber panel interfaces.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. in the existing ultrahigh time resolution multi-frame image detection technology, an image enhancement type camera is usually used for realizing the detection, but the time resolution is about 30ps at the fastest speed under the influence of factors such as a space charge effect in an image intensifier, and meanwhile, the problems of system sensitivity reduction, system integration difficulty and the like can be caused when the technology is used for realizing the acquisition of more frame images. In the technology for realizing ultrahigh time resolution multi-framing image detection by using a stripe camera, when a two-dimensional image is detected by using the stripe camera based on a compression method, a plurality of continuous-time two-dimensional optical image sequences can be obtained only by image restoration algorithm reconstruction, and certain uncertainty exists in the restoration process; in the technology of using a conversion structure in combination with a stripe camera, because the prior art only uses optical fibers or pinholes to convert a two-dimensional image into a row of one-dimensional images for scanning and measurement, the effective pixel number of the two-dimensional images corresponding to the row of one-dimensional images is limited by the spatial resolution characteristics of the stripe camera.
Therefore, the invention provides an image detection mode by utilizing the cooperation of an image conversion structure and a streak tube control circuit, wherein the image conversion structure rearranges two-dimensional images into n rows of one-dimensional images, n is a natural number which is more than or equal to 2, and the streak tube control circuit controls the streak tube to gate and scan the n rows of one-dimensional images so as to solve the problem of scanning and overlapping of multiple rows of one-dimensional images.
2. The invention adopts optical fiber arrangement to form an image conversion structure, the input end of the optical fiber is used as the input end of a two-dimensional image, and the output end of the optical fiber is used as the output end of a one-dimensional image; at the input end of the two-dimensional image, the input end surfaces of the optical fibers are arranged into a two-dimensional array according to a specific sequence; at the output end of the one-dimensional image, the output end faces of the optical fibers are arranged into n rows of one-dimensional arrays according to a specific sequence. Compared with an image conversion structure for converting a two-dimensional image into a one-dimensional image based on multiple pinholes or multiple lenses, the optical fiber array can be subjected to image coupling through the optical fiber structure when detecting a light-emitting image of the fiber array, so that the light collection efficiency is higher; the number of effective pixels of the image conversion structure is related to the number of pinholes, lenses and sampling optical fibers, at present, an optical fiber array can be processed by means of machine wire arrangement, the image conversion structure with higher effective pixel number is easier to establish, and in addition, the image conversion structure based on the optical fiber array samples images according to the pixels and outputs the images according to the pixels, so that the use is more flexible and convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrafast multiple two-dimensional image detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of optical fibers at an input end of a two-dimensional image of an image conversion structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of optical fibers at a one-dimensional image output end of an image conversion structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement process of image transformation structures according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the gating and scanning functions of the fringe tube control circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1-image conversion structure, 2-first image coupling structure, 3-streak tube, 4-streak tube control circuit, 5-second image coupling structure, 6-recording camera, 7-computer;
11-two-dimensional image input end, 12-image transmission optical fiber and 13-one-dimensional image output end.
Detailed Description
At present, a plurality of ultrahigh time resolution two-dimensional images at different moments are acquired through a framing camera, the framing camera performs multi-framing processing on an optical image through a light splitting optical path based on a spectroscope or a reflector and the like, then a plurality of image enhancement type cameras record the image, the time resolution is influenced by factors such as space charge effect in an image intensifier and the like, and the time resolution is in the order of 30ps at the fastest speed. In addition, the acquisition of more framing images requires more light splitting and more image-enhanced camera recording, resulting in difficulties such as reduced system sensitivity and difficult integration of optical structures. The fringe camera has an ultra-high time resolution characteristic, and the time resolution can reach hundreds of fs magnitude at the fastest speed, however, the fringe camera is limited in application because the fringe camera usually detects only one-dimensional images on one line. In recent years, the detection of two-dimensional images by using a stripe camera has been developed, wherein the detection of two-dimensional images by using a stripe camera based on a compression method requires image reconstruction algorithm to obtain a plurality of two-dimensional light image sequences in continuous time, and a certain uncertainty exists in the reconstruction process. When the two-dimensional image detection is realized by a multi-pinhole or optical fiber sampling method in the prior art, the effective pixel quantity of the image is limited because the two-dimensional image is only converted into a row of one-dimensional images, and the two-dimensional image is directly converted into a plurality of rows of images to be recorded, so that the problem of overlapping of the plurality of rows of images exists. Therefore, research and technical innovation are developed, and the invention provides an ultrafast multi-amplitude two-dimensional image detection device which is used for solving the problem that the number of effective pixels is limited based on the cooperation of an image conversion structure and a streak tube control circuit.
The invention is further described below with reference to specific examples and the accompanying drawings.
An ultrafast multi-two-dimensional image detection apparatus of the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1, includes an image conversion structure 1, a first image coupling structure 2, a streak tube 3, a streak tube control circuit 4, a second image coupling structure 5, a recording camera 6, and a computer 7; the streak pipe 3 receives a front-end input image through the first image coupling structure 2, and an output image of the streak pipe 3 is imaged to the image surface of the recording camera 6 through the second image coupling structure 5 and recorded. Specifically, the first image coupling structure 2 may be a lens or a light cone, and when the light cone is used as the first image coupling structure 2, it is required to ensure that a front-end image is input through an optical fiber array and an image input end of the streak tube 3 is an optical fiber panel input window; the second image coupling structure 5 may also be a lens or a light cone, and when the light cone is used as the second image coupling structure 5, it is required to ensure that the image output end of the streak tube 3 is an optical fiber panel output window, and the chip of the back-end recording camera 6 may be windowed and directly coupled with the light cone in a contact manner.
The image conversion structure 1 of the present invention is located at the front end of the first image coupling structure 2, and is used for receiving the two-dimensional image and rearranging the two-dimensional image into n rows of one-dimensional images for output. In this embodiment, the image conversion structure 1 may be formed by arranging optical fibers in a certain order, and at the two-dimensional image input end 11, the optical fiber input end surfaces are arranged in a two-dimensional optical fiber array according to a specific order; at the one-dimensional image output end 13, the optical fiber output end faces are arranged into n rows of one-dimensional optical fiber arrays according to a specific sequence, and the two-dimensional image input end 11 and each pixel of the one-dimensional image output end 13 have a one-to-one correspondence relationship.
The row number of the n rows of one-dimensional images can be determined according to the balance relation between the effective pixel number of the single framing images and the single framing number. M is i × j, M is the total effective pixel number of the output image plane of the streak tube 3, n is i/s at the one-dimensional image output end 13 of the image conversion structure 1, and the result is rounded up, and s is the effective pixel number of the output image plane of the streak tube 3 in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, at the two-dimensional image input end 11, the fiber input end face is arranged as a rectangular two-dimensional fiber array with a number of pixels of 64 × 64; the array unit is a 4 × 4 sub-rectangular optical fiber array, each array unit corresponds to one pixel unit, each small dotted line frame in the figure represents one array unit, H is the number of columns, and V is the number of rows. As shown in fig. 3, at the one-dimensional image output end 13, every 8 rows of the two-dimensional fiber array at the two-dimensional image input end 11 are arranged end to form a row of one-dimensional array, and each row of one-dimensional fiber array includes 512 fiber array units, which are arranged into 8 rows of one-dimensional fiber arrays in total.
The optical fibers with a diameter of about 20 μm can be closely arranged and bonded into the image conversion structure 1 by using a fiber arranging machine of Nanjing Chunhui technology industries Ltd in the manner shown in FIG. 4, it should be noted that the optical fibers are only arranged and fixed by gluing in the dotted line region shown in FIG. 4, and the rest positions are not needed. Every 4 x 4 fibres can be considered as an active pixel.
As shown in fig. 2, each row constituting the rectangular two-dimensional optical fiber array has an effective pixel number of 1 × 64, as shown in the first row in fig. 2, and serial numbers are arranged from H1V1 to H1V64, the arranged optical fibers can be cut from the middle by closely arranging the optical fiber units in the manner of fig. 4 each time by using a fiber arranging machine, the cut positions are shown in fig. 4, one end of the cut optical fibers is used for constituting a two-dimensional image input end, that is, the optical fibers are orderly arranged in the two-dimensional array shown in fig. 2, and the other end of the cut optical fibers is used for constituting a one-dimensional image output end, as shown in fig. 3. The use of 64 such optical fiber units can be arranged into a two-dimensional image with an effective number of pixels 64 x 64 at the image input of the image conversion structure 1, as shown in fig. 2, with the sequence numbers from H1V1 to H64V 64. At the image output end of the image conversion structure 1, 64 units are arranged into 8 rows of one-dimensional images, as shown in fig. 3, each row has 8 units, the number of effective pixels in each row is 1 × 512, and the serial number of the first row is from H1V1 to H8V64, it should be noted that the arrangement form of the optical fibers can be changed as required.
The image input surface of the large-area photocathode streak tube of the institute of optical precision mechanics of western's institute of science and technology of China can reach 35mm in diameter, the size of the embedded rectangle is 24.7mm multiplied by 24.7mm, the dynamic resolution can reach 12lp/mm, and the effective pixel number of the embedded rectangle is about 592 multiplied by 592. Thus, using a lens or light cone to image 8 rows of one-dimensional images onto the striped tube photocathode, the resolution at both ends can be substantially matched. If 8 rows of one-dimensional images are arranged in parallel at equal intervals and the total number of pixels is 512 × 512, the number of effective pixels is close to the limit resolvable number of pixels 592 × 592 of the streak tube, on the premise that the scanning range in the time direction of each row can be 64 pixels, and considering the influence of the adjacent regions to avoid overlapping, it can be assumed that a scanning range in the time direction of about 50 pixels is available, and therefore, under the present condition, an image with the number of pixels of 64 × 64 can be obtained for 50 frames.
The streak tube control circuit 4 comprises a gating signal output circuit and a scanning signal output circuit, wherein the gating signal and the scanning signal are synchronous, the gating signal can control a photocathode of the streak tube 3 to realize image gating in a specific time, and the scanning signal controls the streak tube 3 to scan the gated image. Gating and scanning are matched together to avoid influence of light beyond gating time on the scanning process and avoid the phenomenon that multiple rows of one-dimensional images are overlapped in the scanning process of the streak tube 3.
In the following, it is assumed that the streak tube 3 receives two rows of one-dimensional images, the positions of the two rows of one-dimensional images at the output of the streak tube 3 when static are shown in fig. 5, in which the dotted line represents the first row of one-dimensional images and the solid line represents the second row of one-dimensional images, according to the scanning direction shown in fig. 5. When the dynamic scanning works, the two rows of one-dimensional images are scanned from the initial position to the end position, if the front end is not added with the image gating function, the scanning interval (dotted line area) of the first row is overlapped with the scanning interval (solid line area) of the second row, and thus the images of the first row and the second row of one-dimensional images are overlapped in the scanning process. When the image gating function is added, only the images in a specific time can enter scanning, and the first row of images and the second row of images can have independent space area scanning by controlling the gating time, the corresponding scanning intervals of the two parts are not overlapped, and the images are not influenced mutually.
The n rows of one-dimensional images are imaged on the image input surface of the streak tube 3 through the first image coupling structure 2, the streak tube control circuit 4 controls the streak tube 3 to gate and scan the n rows of one-dimensional images, the streak tube control circuit 4 can be a high-voltage pulse generation circuit in the embodiment, and can generate high-voltage gating electric signal pulses for gating the photocathode of the streak tube 3, and only when the photocathode is gated, the front image can enter the streak tube 3 and be scanned. The scanning electric signal and the gating electric signal are synchronous to ensure that scanning is carried out during gating, and the two electric signals can be triggered and output through the electric signal synchronous with the study object to ensure time synchronization with the study object. Continuous sequence images of n rows of one-dimensional images in a specific time are output from the streak tube 3, the images output by the streak tube 3 are recorded by a camera and uploaded to the computer 7, and the images recorded by the computer 7 are restored according to the one-to-one correspondence relationship of each pixel of the two-dimensional and one-dimensional images of the image conversion structure 1, so that a plurality of continuous two-dimensional image sequences in the specific time are obtained.
The image restoration process can be realized through calibration, including pixel position calibration and relative sensitivity calibration of different pixels. When the pixel position is calibrated, the one-dimensional image is adjusted to be vertical to the scanning direction when being imaged to the photocathode, a knife edge or a slit is used for being placed at the two-dimensional image end and vertical to each one-dimensional unit, uniform light is used for illumination, the knife edge or the slit is translated along the direction of the one-dimensional unit, and the image is recorded under a static state every time, so that the position corresponding relation of each pixel between the one-dimensional image and the two-dimensional image can be obtained. When the relative sensitivity of different pixels is calibrated, the two-dimensional image input surface is illuminated by a uniform light source with adjustable light intensity in the non-shielding state, and one-dimensional images under different intensities are obtained, so that the relative sensitivity of each pixel can be obtained. And restoring each row of the gated and scanned images along the time direction according to the calibration result to obtain the light intensity distribution at the input surface of the two-dimensional image, so as to obtain a plurality of ultrahigh time resolution two-dimensional light image information of different time sequences.
In the prior art, two-dimensional images are arranged into a row of one-dimensional images only through an optical fiber array conversion structure, the number of effective pixels of the two-dimensional images is only 15 × 15, and the number of effective pixels is small. In order to enable the acquired two-dimensional image to have more effective pixel numbers, the invention provides that the two-dimensional image is sampled and rearranged into a multi-row one-dimensional image by using an image conversion structure, so that the effective pixel number during sampling the two-dimensional image is increased to 64 multiplied by 64, and meanwhile, the problem of overlapping of the multi-row one-dimensional image during scanning in the stripe tube is solved by using a control circuit of the stripe tube in a matched mode. Therefore, the method can obviously improve the effective pixel quantity of the acquired two-dimensional image and improve the quality of the acquired two-dimensional image.
Claims (6)
1. An ultrafast multi-dimensional image detection device is characterized in that: the system comprises an image conversion structure (1), a first image coupling structure (2), a streak tube (3), a streak tube control circuit (4), a second image coupling structure (5), a recording camera (6) and a computer (7);
the image conversion structure (1) is used for receiving the two-dimensional image and rearranging the two-dimensional image into n rows of one-dimensional images for output; wherein n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2;
the first image coupling structure (2) is used for imaging n rows of one-dimensional images to an image input surface of the streak tube (3);
the streak tube (3) has an image input gating function;
the streak tube control circuit (4) is used for controlling the streak tubes (3) to carry out time gating on n rows of one-dimensional images, and the n rows of one-dimensional images after time gating are output in different space areas of the image output surface of the streak tubes (3) after being scanned by the streak tubes (3);
the second image coupling structure (5) is used for imaging the scanned images of the n rows of one-dimensional images output by the streak tube (3) to the image surface of the recording camera (6);
the recording camera (6) is used for recording an output image of the streak tube (3) and uploading the output image to the computer (7);
the computer (7) is used for restoring the two-dimensional images acquired by the image conversion structure (1) and the one-to-one correspondence relationship of the pixels of the n rows of rearranged one-dimensional images to obtain a plurality of continuous two-dimensional images within a specific time;
the image conversion structure (1) is formed by arranging optical fibers, the input end of each optical fiber is used as a two-dimensional image input end (11), and the output end of each optical fiber is used as a one-dimensional image output end (13);
the two-dimensional image input end (11) is used for receiving a two-dimensional image, and the one-dimensional image output end (13) is used for outputting n rows of one-dimensional images;
at a two-dimensional image input end (11), the optical fiber input ends are arranged into a two-dimensional array according to a specific sequence; at the one-dimensional image output end (13), the optical fiber output ends are arranged into n rows of one-dimensional arrays according to a specific sequence; the two-dimensional image input end (11) and each pixel of the one-dimensional image output end (13) have one-to-one correspondence;
the streak tube control circuit (4) comprises a gating signal output circuit and a scanning signal output circuit;
the gate signal output circuit and the scanning signal output circuit synchronously output gate signals and scanning signals;
the gating signal is used for controlling a photocathode of the streak tube (3) to realize image gating in a specific time, and the scanning signal is used for controlling the streak tube (3) to scan the gated image.
2. The apparatus for detecting ultrafast multiple two-dimensional images as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
at a two-dimensional image input end (11), rectangular optical fiber arrays with m multiplied by k pixel numbers are arranged on the optical fiber input end face, the array units are sub-rectangular optical fiber arrays consisting of a multiplied by b optical fibers, and each array unit corresponds to one pixel unit; wherein m, k, a and b are natural numbers;
the row number of n rows of one-dimensional images in the image conversion structure (1) is determined according to the balance relation between the effective pixel number i of the single framing image and the single framing number j, M = i × j, M is the total effective pixel number of an output image surface of the streak tube (3), n = i/s is the one-dimensional image output end (13) of the image conversion structure, the result is rounded upwards, and s is the effective pixel number of the output image surface of the streak tube (3) in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein:
at a two-dimensional image input end (11), an optical fiber input end face is provided with a rectangular optical fiber array with the number of pixels of 64 multiplied by 64, an array unit is a sub-rectangular optical fiber array formed by 4 multiplied by 4 optical fibers, and each array unit corresponds to one pixel unit;
and at a one-dimensional image output end (13), forming a row of one-dimensional fiber arrays by arranging 8 rows of the two-dimensional fiber arrays in a head-to-tail arrangement sequence, wherein each row of one-dimensional fiber arrays comprises 512 array units, and the array units are arranged into 8 rows of one-dimensional fiber arrays in total.
4. An ultrafast multi-dimensional image detection apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the first image coupling structure (2) and the second image coupling structure (5) are light cones or lenses.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: when the first image coupling structure (2) is a light cone, the image input end of the streak tube (3) is an optical fiber panel interface;
when the second image coupling structure (5) is a light cone, the image output end of the streak tube (3) and the image input end of the recording camera (6) are both optical fiber panel interfaces.
6. An ultrafast multi-dimensional image detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, receiving two-dimensional images and rearranging the two-dimensional images into n rows of one-dimensional images to output based on the ultrafast multiple two-dimensional image detection device of any one of claims 1 to 5; wherein n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2;
step 2, imaging the n rows of one-dimensional images to an image input surface of the streak tube;
step 3, controlling the streak tube to perform time gating on the n rows of one-dimensional images, and outputting the n rows of time-gated one-dimensional images in different spatial regions of the output surface of the streak tube image after the n rows of time-gated one-dimensional images are scanned by the streak tube;
step 4, imaging the scanned images of the n rows of one-dimensional images output by the streak tube to an image surface of a recording camera for recording and then uploading the images to a computer;
and 5, restoring by the computer according to the one-to-one correspondence relationship of the pixels of the two-dimensional images and the rearranged n rows of one-dimensional images to obtain a plurality of continuous two-dimensional images within a specific time.
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