CN112944802B - Precooling apparatus before filling liquid helium storage tank - Google Patents
Precooling apparatus before filling liquid helium storage tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN112944802B CN112944802B CN202110422586.0A CN202110422586A CN112944802B CN 112944802 B CN112944802 B CN 112944802B CN 202110422586 A CN202110422586 A CN 202110422586A CN 112944802 B CN112944802 B CN 112944802B
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 271
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 247
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 247
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 247
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/0007—Helium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pre-cooling device before filling of a liquid helium storage tank, and relates to the technical field of pre-cooling of liquid helium storage tanks. Compared with other precooling devices, the method of 'preliminary precooling of liquid hydrogen, precooling by soaking of helium gas and precooling by evaporation of liquid helium' fully utilizes the cold energy of helium gas in the liquid helium storage tank, reduces the consumption of liquid helium and improves the economic benefit of the process. The method adopts a helium soaking precooling method, further cools the liquid helium storage tank, liquefies residual hydrogen and discharges the liquefied residual hydrogen, ensures the qualified purity of product quality, and simultaneously adopts a liquid helium evaporating precooling method to increase the heat exchange rate of helium and the liquid helium storage tank and reduce precooling time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precooling of a liquid helium storage tank, in particular to a precooling device before filling of the liquid helium storage tank.
Background
Helium has an extremely low boiling point (4.2K), a critical temperature (5.15K) and a critical pressure (0.226MPa), and can easily realize ultralow-temperature cooling which cannot be realized by other low-temperature liquids, so that the helium plays an irreplaceable role in the scientific and technological fields of aerospace, nuclear weapons, submarines, saturated diving operation, nuclear magnetic resonance, semiconductors and the like. Currently, the annual helium demand in China exceeds 2.2 multiplied by 107m3However, only in Sichuan, China has an annual output of 6X 104m3And the field and Ake fields are still under construction, helium supply is almost entirely imported and the international helium market is essentially controlled by the United states. Therefore, the shortage of helium becomes a 'neck' problem which restricts the development of national defense military industry and high-tech industry, and the problem of how to reduce the evaporation loss of helium in the processes of extraction, transportation and storage is always a great concern.
On land, the mainstream transportation mode for liquid helium from a natural gas helium extraction plant to a user end is liquid helium tanker transportation. Although the tank car adopts strict cold insulation measures, the heat transfer between the storage tank and the environment in storage and transportation links such as filling, transportation, distribution and the like is inevitable. Wherein the evaporation loss during filling is mainly influenced by the temperature of the inner wall of the storage tank, i.e. determined by the pre-cooling effect before filling. The domestic existing low-temperature storage tank precooling method is evolved from a rocket engine system precooling method, and adopts a method of circulating precooling, soaking precooling or discharging precooling to transmit cold energy carried in low-temperature working media needing to be stored or other low-temperature working media with lower boiling points to a storage tank so as to realize cooling and cooling of the storage tank, for example, patents with the grant publication number of CN 103343877B and the application publication number of CN 108150825A, CN 110857749A, CN 110145684A and the like. However, these methods do not go deep into the liquid helium temperature zone, and if they are used directly for pre-cooling of the liquid helium storage tank, the following problems may occur: (1) as the natural resource with the lowest boiling point is known at present, it is difficult to find a low-temperature working medium with the boiling point lower than that of liquid helium and directly pre-cool the storage tank to a liquid helium temperature region; (2) if the liquid helium is directly used as a cold source for precooling the storage tank, the problems of large consumption of liquid helium resources and excessively high price are faced, even if a circulating precooling method is adopted, the method is also limited by the capacity of a helium liquefying device of a natural gas stripping helium plant, and the time cost is huge; (3) if a method for mixing and precooling liquid helium and other low-temperature working media is adopted, considering that the requirement of the quality of the liquid helium product on the purity is extremely high, the problem which the method must face is how to ensure that the residual quantity of other low-temperature working media in the storage tank after cooling does not influence the quality of the external liquid helium product. Therefore, in consideration of the problems faced by the traditional low-temperature storage tank precooling technology when directly applied to precooling of the liquid helium storage tank, the method of 'preliminary precooling of liquid hydrogen + deepening precooling of helium + evaporative precooling of liquid helium' is adopted to precool the temperature of the liquid helium storage tank to be near the liquid helium temperature zone; the residual hydrogen after the preliminary precooling is liquefied and gathered to the bottom of the storage tank in the subsequent precooling step and is discharged, so that the qualified purity of the product quality is ensured; by adopting a soaking and precooling method, the cold energy of helium in the storage tank is fully utilized, and the consumption of liquid helium is reduced; meanwhile, the heat exchange rate of helium and a liquid helium storage tank is increased by adopting a liquid helium evaporation precooling method, and the problem of longer precooling time is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: in order to provide a pre-cooling device before filling of a liquid helium storage tank, a method of 'preliminary pre-cooling of liquid hydrogen + deepened pre-cooling of helium + evaporative pre-cooling of liquid helium' can be adopted, multiple working media are mixed for pre-cooling to reduce the consumption of the liquid helium, and the liquid is separated by utilizing the difference of liquefaction temperatures among the working media, so that the evaporation loss of the liquid helium during filling is reduced, and the product quality requirement is met.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: the precooling device before filling of the liquid helium storage tank is characterized by comprising a liquid helium storage tank 1, a throttle valve 2, a reinjection stop valve 3, a liquid helium stop valve 4, a liquid helium cryogenic pump 5, a heat exchanger 6, a compressor 7, a safety valve 8, an injection device 9, a liquid helium storage tank 10, a densimeter 11, a first liquid hydrogen stop valve 12, a first liquid hydrogen cryogenic pump 13, a second liquid hydrogen stop valve 14, a third liquid hydrogen stop valve 15, a check valve 16, a second injection device 17, a second liquid hydrogen cryogenic pump 18 and a control unit 19, wherein the first injection device 9 and the second injection device 17 are installed in the liquid helium storage tank 10, precooling working media are dispersed into liquid drops or small gas clusters in the first injection device 9 and the second injection device 17 to be injected, and liquid hydrogen is respectively injected with the second liquid hydrogen cryogenic pump 18 and the third liquid hydrogen stop valve 15 through the second liquid hydrogen stop valve 14 and the third liquid hydrogen stop valve 15, The liquid helium cryogenic pump 5 is connected, liquid hydrogen is continuously sprayed into a pipeline and a liquid helium storage tank 10 through the pipeline, the pipeline and the liquid helium storage tank 10 are cooled, an outlet at the top of the liquid helium storage tank 1 is connected with a first spraying device 9 through a throttle valve 2, helium in the liquid helium storage tank 1 is sprayed into the pipeline and the liquid helium storage tank 10, the pipeline and the liquid helium storage tank 10 are precooled, an outlet at the bottom of the liquid helium storage tank 1 is connected with the first spraying device 9 sequentially through a liquid helium stop valve 4, the liquid helium cryogenic pump 5, a heat exchanger 6 and a check valve 16, liquid helium in the liquid helium storage tank 1 is sprayed into the liquid helium storage tank 10 for further precooling after being subjected to heat exchange and evaporation with helium discharged from the liquid helium storage tank 10 in the heat exchanger 6, an outlet at the upper part of the liquid helium storage tank 10 is connected with a second spraying device 17 sequentially through a reinjection stop valve 3, the heat exchanger 6 and a compressor 7, helium in the liquid helium storage tank 10 is subjected to heat exchange with cold energy and is reinjected into the liquid helium storage tank 10, the safety valve 8 is installed at an outlet at the top of the liquid helium storage tank 10, the hydrogen evaporated during precooling, the helium prevented from being released at overpressure and the helium discharged after precooling are all discharged from the safety valve 8, the outlet at the bottom of the liquid helium storage tank 10 is sequentially connected with the densimeter 11, the first liquid hydrogen stop valve 12 and the first liquid hydrogen cryopump 13, the hydrogen liquefied during precooling is pumped out from the bottom of the liquid helium storage tank 10, all the devices are connected in a pipeline mode, and the control unit 19 controls the opening and closing states of the throttle valve 2, the reinjection stop valve 3, the liquid helium stop valve 4, the safety valve 8, the first liquid hydrogen stop valve 12, the second liquid hydrogen stop valve 14, the third liquid hydrogen stop valve 15 and the check valve 16, so that the automatic operation of the liquid helium storage tank is realized.
Preferably, the liquid helium storage tank 1 is a fixed low-temperature multilayer vacuum heat insulation storage tank, liquid helium produced by a helium liquefying device is temporarily stored in the liquid helium storage tank 1 for turnover, part of the liquid helium is stored in the liquid helium storage tank 1 for a plurality of days and then heated to generate helium gas, and if the helium gas is not discharged and recycled, the pressure in the liquid helium storage tank 1 is increased.
Preferably, the helium gas is discharged from an outlet at the upper part of the liquid helium storage tank 1, enters the throttle valve 2 for throttling, and is sprayed into the liquid helium storage tank 10 through the first spraying device 9, so that the temperature difference of areas with different heights on the inner wall surface is reduced, the phenomenon of overlarge thermal stress is prevented, and meanwhile, the hydrogen gas in the liquid helium storage tank 10 is liquefied.
Preferably, the liquid helium flows out from an outlet at the lower part of the liquid helium storage tank 1, sequentially passes through the liquid helium stop valve 4 and the liquid helium cryogenic pump 5, exchanges heat with helium gas flowing out of the liquid helium storage tank 10 in the heat exchanger 6 to reach a gas state, and is sprayed into the liquid helium storage tank through the one-way valve 16 and the first spraying device 9, so that precooling time is shortened, and negative pressure in the liquid helium storage tank 10 is prevented.
Preferably, the helium gas is discharged from an outlet at the upper part of the liquid helium storage tank 10, exchanges heat with the liquid helium discharged from the liquid helium storage tank 1 in the heat exchanger 6 to reduce the temperature, and then enters the liquid helium storage tank 10 through the compressor 7 and the second injection device 17, and the helium gas is used for transferring the cold energy of the liquid helium in the heat exchanger 6 to the liquid helium storage tank 10, so that the consumption of the liquid helium is further reduced.
Preferably, in the helium deepening and precooling link, a soaking and precooling method is adopted, the throttle valve 2, the reinjection stop valve 3, the liquid helium stop valve 4, the safety valve 8, the first liquid hydrogen stop valve 12, the second liquid hydrogen stop valve 14, the third liquid hydrogen stop valve 15 and the check valve 16 are closed, liquefied hydrogen gas can be gathered at the bottom of the liquid helium storage tank 10, and most of liquid hydrogen can be simply discharged by using the first liquid hydrogen cryopump 13.
Preferably, in the helium deepening precooling step, after the helium fully exchanges heat with the liquid helium storage tank 10, ventilation is needed, low-temperature helium is injected again, the safety valve 8 is opened, and the discharged helium carries a small amount of liquid hydrogen.
Preferably, a densimeter 11 is installed outside the outlet at the bottom of the liquid helium storage tank 10, so that the state of the outlet fluid can be judged according to the density of the outlet fluid, and when the density rapidly decreases, most of the outlet fluid is in a gas phase or a supercritical phase, and the first liquid hydrogen cryopump 13 needs to be turned off in time.
Preferably, the liquid helium storage tank 10 is provided with a series of devices for monitoring the internal state of the storage tank, such as a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, and signals of the instruments, such as the densitometer 11, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor, can be transmitted to the control unit 19 in time.
Preferably, the control unit 19 automatically controls the opening of each valve according to the collected data information.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method of 'preliminary pre-cooling of liquid hydrogen, deepened pre-cooling of helium gas and evaporative pre-cooling of liquid helium' is adopted to pre-cool the temperature of a liquid helium storage tank 10 to be close to a liquid helium temperature zone;
(2) by adopting a soaking precooling method, the cold energy of helium in the liquid helium storage tank 1 is fully utilized, the consumption of liquid helium is reduced, the residual hydrogen after initial precooling can be liquefied and gathered at the bottom of the liquid helium storage tank 10 in the precooling step and discharged, and the qualified purity of the product quality is ensured;
(3) the method for precooling by liquid helium evaporation is adopted to reduce precooling time, inhibit possible negative pressure risk and reduce the requirement on the applicable working condition of equipment;
(4) this patent provides a precooling apparatus before new-type liquid helium storage tank fills dress, and whole device process flow is simple, and external equipment is few, and the maintenance requirement is low, and the reliability is high.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a liquid helium storage tank 1, a throttling valve 2, a reinjection stop valve 3, a liquid helium stop valve 4, a liquid helium cryogenic pump 5, a heat exchanger 6, a compressor 7, a safety valve 8, an injection device 9, a liquid helium storage tank 10, a densimeter 11, a first liquid hydrogen stop valve 12, a first liquid hydrogen cryogenic pump 13, a second liquid hydrogen stop valve 14, a third liquid hydrogen stop valve 15, a check valve 16, a second injection device 17, a second liquid hydrogen cryogenic pump 18 and a control unit 19.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
A pre-cooling device for filling of a liquid helium storage tank comprises a liquid helium storage tank 1, a throttle valve 2, a 3-reinjection stop valve, a 4-liquid helium stop valve, a 5-liquid helium cryogenic pump, a 6-heat exchanger, a 7-compressor, an 8-safety valve, a 9-injection device, a 10-liquid helium storage tank, a 11-densimeter, a 12-first-liquid hydrogen stop valve, a 13-first-liquid hydrogen cryogenic pump, a 14-second-liquid hydrogen stop valve, a 15-third-liquid hydrogen stop valve, a 16-way valve, a 17-second-injection device, an 18-second-liquid hydrogen cryogenic pump and a 19-control unit.
More specifically, the liquid helium tank 10 has been replaced with a nitrogen purge before the pre-cooling operation begins, with no air remaining.
More specifically, before the pre-cooling operation is started, helium gas which is not discharged and recovered is stored at the top of the liquid helium storage tank 1, the temperature of the helium gas is 5.5K, and the pressure of the helium gas is 0.5 MPa.
The specific implementation mode is as follows: the preliminary pre-cooling step of the liquid hydrogen is from the first step to the third step, the helium deepening pre-cooling step is from the fourth step to the sixth step, and the liquid helium evaporating pre-cooling step is from the seventh step to the eighth step.
The first step is as follows: and opening the reinjection stop valve 3, the second liquid hydrogen stop valve 14, the third liquid hydrogen stop valve 15, the liquid helium cryopump 5, the compressor 7 and the second liquid hydrogen cryopump 18, pressurizing the small-flow liquid hydrogen, then entering from the second liquid hydrogen stop valve 14 and the third liquid hydrogen stop valve 15, spraying the small-flow liquid hydrogen into the liquid helium storage tank 10 through the first spraying device 9 along the pipeline, cooling the pipeline and the liquid helium storage tank 10 along the way, and allowing the gasified hydrogen in the liquid helium storage tank 10 to enter the second spraying device 17 along the pipeline where the reinjection stop valve 3, the heat exchanger 6 and the compressor 7 are located and spray out, so as to cool the pipeline in the way.
The second step is that: according to the data of the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor on the liquid helium storage tank 10, the control unit 19 gradually opens the reinjection stop valve 3, the second liquid hydrogen stop valve 14 and the third liquid hydrogen stop valve 15, and controls the opening of the safety valve 8 so as to control the pressure in the liquid helium storage tank 10 not to exceed the design pressure.
The third step: after the temperature in the liquid helium storage tank 10 is reduced to 28K, the reinjection stop valve 3, the second liquid hydrogen stop valve 14, the third liquid hydrogen stop valve 15, the liquid helium cryopump 5, the compressor 7 and the second liquid hydrogen cryopump 18 are closed, hydrogen in the liquid helium storage tank 10 is discharged through the safety valve 8, the preliminary liquid hydrogen precooling step is finished, and only a small amount of hydrogen is left in the liquid helium storage tank 10 at the moment.
The fourth step: opening the throttle valve 2, throttling helium gas, then entering the liquid helium storage tank 10, gradually increasing the pressure in the liquid helium storage tank 10, automatically adjusting the opening degree of the throttle valve 2 by the control unit 19 according to the pressure in the liquid helium storage tank 10 to ensure that the pressure of the throttled helium is not lower than the pressure in the liquid helium storage tank 10, closing the throttle valve 2 when the pressure in the liquid helium storage tank 10 is more than 0.5MPa, and controlling the temperature of the throttled helium gas to be 4.44-5.5K and the pressure to be 0.11-0.49 MPa.
The fifth step: after the temperature in the liquid helium storage tank 10 does not drop any more, the safety valve 8 is opened to quickly discharge helium gas in the liquid helium storage tank 10, the pressure in the liquid helium storage tank 10 is reduced to 0.11MPa, and a small amount of liquid hydrogen is carried by the helium gas and discharged.
And a sixth step: and repeating the fourth step to the fifth step, ending the repeating step after the pressure in the liquid helium storage tank 1 is reduced to 0.11MPa, closing the throttle valve 2, opening the safety valve 8 to reduce the pressure in the liquid helium storage tank 10 to 0.2MPa, wherein the temperature in the liquid helium storage tank 10 is 5-20K and the pressure is 0.11-0.2 MPa.
In the helium deepening and precooling step, the display value of the temperature sensor on the liquid helium storage tank 10 is set from 28K to the lower part by taking 2K as a gradient, after the gradient value is reached each time, the densimeter 11, the first liquid hydrogen stop valve 12 and the first liquid hydrogen cryopump 13 are opened, the liquid hydrogen gathered at the bottom of the liquid helium storage tank 10 is pumped out through the first liquid hydrogen cryopump 13, and when the display value of the densimeter 11 is less than 70kg/m3, the densimeter 11, the first liquid hydrogen stop valve 12 and the first liquid hydrogen cryopump 13 are closed.
The seventh step: opening a reinjection stop valve 3, a liquid helium stop valve 4, a liquid helium cryopump 5, a heat exchanger 6, a compressor 7 and a one-way valve 16, discharging liquid helium with the temperature of 4.2K from a bottom outlet, pressurizing the liquid helium to be slightly higher than the pressure in a liquid helium storage tank 10 through the liquid helium stop valve 4 and the liquid helium cryopump 5, completely evaporating the liquid helium in the heat exchanger 6 to be in a gaseous state, increasing the temperature to 4.6-5.1K, further increasing the pressure, dispersing the liquid helium into small gas clusters in a first injection device 9 through the one-way valve 16, injecting the small gas clusters into the liquid helium storage tank 10, introducing the helium gas in the liquid helium storage tank 10 into the heat exchanger 6 through the reinjection stop valve 3 to reduce the temperature, pressurizing the helium gas by the compressor, reinjecting the helium gas into a second injection device 17, and dispersing the helium gas clusters into the liquid helium storage tank 10.
Eighth step: and when the temperature of the liquid helium storage tank is reduced to 4.7K, precooling is finished, the reinjection stop valve 3, the liquid helium stop valve 4, the liquid helium cryopump 5, the heat exchanger 6, the compressor 7 and the one-way valve 16 are closed, and helium is discharged through the safety valve 8.
In the step of evaporating and precooling the liquid helium, the control unit 19 controls the opening degree of the reinjection stop valve 3 to control the flow rate of the reinjection helium, so as to prevent the temperature of the outlet of the heat exchanger 6 from rising to exceed 4.6K, and the control unit 19 gradually opens the safety valve 8 to prevent the overpressure of the liquid helium storage tank.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. The precooling device before filling of the liquid helium storage tank is characterized by comprising a liquid helium storage tank (1), a throttle valve (2), a reinjection stop valve (3), a liquid helium stop valve (4), a liquid helium cryogenic pump (5), a heat exchanger (6), a compressor (7), a safety valve (8), a first injection device (9), the liquid helium storage tank (10), a densimeter (11), a first liquid hydrogen stop valve (12), a first liquid hydrogen cryogenic pump (13), a second liquid hydrogen stop valve (14), a third liquid hydrogen stop valve (15), a check valve (16), a second injection device (17), a second liquid hydrogen cryogenic pump (18) and a control unit (19), wherein the first injection device (9) and the second injection device (17) are installed in the liquid helium storage tank (10), and liquid hydrogen passes through the second liquid hydrogen stop valve (14), A third liquid hydrogen stop valve (15) is respectively connected with a second liquid hydrogen cryogenic pump (18) and a liquid helium cryogenic pump (5), an outlet at the top of the liquid helium storage tank (1) is connected with a first injection device (9) through a throttle valve (2), an outlet at the bottom of the liquid helium storage tank (1) is connected with the first injection device (9) through a liquid helium stop valve (4), a liquid helium cryogenic pump (5), a heat exchanger (6) and a check valve (16) in sequence, an outlet at the upper part of the liquid helium storage tank (10) is connected with a second injection device (17) through a reinjection stop valve (3), the heat exchanger (6) and a compressor (7) in sequence, a safety valve (8) is installed at an outlet at the top of the liquid helium storage tank (10), an outlet at the bottom of the liquid helium storage tank (10) is connected with a densimeter (11) in sequence, and the first liquid hydrogen stop valve (12) and the first liquid hydrogen cryogenic pump (13) in sequence, and all equipment connection modes are connected through pipelines, the control unit (19) controls the opening and closing states of the throttle valve (2), the reinjection stop valve (3), the liquid helium stop valve (4), the safety valve (8), the first liquid hydrogen stop valve (12), the second liquid hydrogen stop valve (14), the third liquid hydrogen stop valve (15) and the check valve (16);
the precooling device for the liquid helium storage tank before filling adopts a method of liquid hydrogen preliminary precooling, helium deepening precooling and liquid helium evaporating precooling to precool the liquid helium storage tank (10), and comprises the following steps:
the 'liquid hydrogen preliminary precooling' method comprises the steps that a reinjection stop valve (3), a second liquid hydrogen stop valve (14), a third liquid hydrogen stop valve (15) and a single-phase valve (16) are opened, liquid hydrogen is converged through a liquid hydrogen low-temperature pump (5) and a second liquid hydrogen low-temperature pump (18) and then is sprayed into a liquid helium storage tank (10) through a first spraying device (9), gasified liquid hydrogen in the liquid helium storage tank (10) flows back and is sprayed into the liquid helium storage tank (10) through a heat exchanger (6), a compressor (7) and a second spraying device (17) in sequence, the opening degree of a safety valve (8) is adjusted to discharge redundant hydrogen, and when the temperature of the liquid helium storage tank (10) is reduced to 28K, residual hydrogen in the liquid helium storage tank (10) is discharged through the safety valve (8), and other valves are closed;
according to the method for deeply precooling the helium gas, a throttle valve (2) is opened, the helium gas enters a liquid helium storage tank (10), the throttle valve (2) is closed after the pressure of the liquid helium storage tank (10) is greater than 0.5MPa, the helium gas is discharged to the liquid helium storage tank (10) through a safety valve (8) and the pressure is reduced to 0.11MPa after the temperature of the liquid helium storage tank (10) is unchanged, the method for deeply precooling the helium gas is repeated until the pressure of the liquid helium storage tank (1) is reduced to 0.11MPa, the throttle valve (2) is closed, and the helium gas is discharged through the safety valve (8) until the pressure of the liquid helium storage tank (10) is reduced to 0.2 MPa;
according to the 'liquid helium evaporation precooling' method, a reinjection stop valve (3), a liquid helium stop valve (4) and a one-way valve (16) are opened, liquid helium sequentially passes through a liquid hydrogen cryogenic pump (5), a heat exchanger (6) and a first injection device (9) from an outlet at the bottom of a liquid helium storage tank (1) and is injected into a liquid helium storage tank (10), helium in the liquid helium storage tank (10) flows back and sequentially passes through the heat exchanger (6), a compressor (7) and a second injection device (17) and is injected into the liquid helium storage tank (10), and precooling is finished after the temperature of the liquid helium storage tank (10) is reduced to 4.7K.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110422586.0A CN112944802B (en) | 2021-04-15 | 2021-04-15 | Precooling apparatus before filling liquid helium storage tank |
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