CN112942989B - Method and system for alarming by using wearable device and intelligent door lock - Google Patents

Method and system for alarming by using wearable device and intelligent door lock Download PDF

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CN112942989B
CN112942989B CN202110170777.2A CN202110170777A CN112942989B CN 112942989 B CN112942989 B CN 112942989B CN 202110170777 A CN202110170777 A CN 202110170777A CN 112942989 B CN112942989 B CN 112942989B
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door lock
gait
intelligent door
user
information
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CN112942989A (en
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叶军
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Nanjing Dingshan Information Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Nanjing Dingshan Information Technology Co ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B45/00Alarm locks
    • E05B45/06Electric alarm locks

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for alarming by using wearable equipment and an intelligent door lock, which is applied to the intelligent door lock and comprises the following steps: s1, the intelligent door lock receives an unlocking request and motion record information sent by the wearable device; s2, the intelligent door lock judges whether the user wearing the wearable equipment is in a dangerous state or not based on the motion record information, and if yes, the intelligent door lock unlocks and sends silence alarm information. The scheme of the invention performs silent alarm when the heart rate and gait characteristics of the user are abnormal, and is particularly suitable for automatic silent alarm when a hijack event occurs.

Description

Method and system for alarming by using wearable device and intelligent door lock
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of intelligent equipment, in particular to a method and a system for alarming by using wearable equipment and an intelligent door lock.
Background
In life, a person may be caught, for example, after going home and entering a corridor on a floor, a bristlesaving person is caught, and the bristletail forces the person to open a house door and enter his home to infringe property and body. There are only some prior art alarm devices that are manually operated by a user in an emergency situation, but in these situations the user usually does not have the conditions for manual operation and, in many cases, the courage and courage of the alarm.
Therefore, how to provide a more concealed automatic alarm scheme is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method and a system for alarming by using wearable equipment and an intelligent door lock, so as to realize more concealed automatic alarming in emergency.
The invention provides a method for alarming by using a wearable device and an intelligent door lock, which is applied to the intelligent door lock and comprises the following steps:
s1, the intelligent door lock receives an unlocking request and motion record information sent by the wearable device;
s2, the intelligent door lock judges whether the user wearing the wearable equipment is in a dangerous state or not based on the motion record information, and if yes, the intelligent door lock unlocks and sends silence alarm information.
Optionally, the motion record information includes: heart rate information, height information.
Optionally, the determining, by the smart door lock, whether the user wearing the wearable device is in a dangerous state based on the motion record information includes:
s21, drawing a heart rate curve graph of the user based on the heart rate information, judging whether the user has heart rate fluctuation and continues to the present based on the heart rate curve graph, and if so, executing a step S22;
and S22, performing gait analysis on the user based on the height information to extract gait characteristics, comparing the gait characteristics with verification gait characteristics prestored in the intelligent door lock, and if the gait characteristics are not matched with the verification gait characteristics, judging that the user is in a dangerous state.
Optionally, the wearable devices are at least two;
optionally, the performing gait analysis on the user based on the height information to extract gait features includes:
and receiving the motion record information of the at least two wearable devices to extract gait sub-features respectively, comparing the gait sub-features with verification gait features prestored in the intelligent door lock, and if the gait sub-features are not matched with the verification gait features prestored in the intelligent door lock, judging that the user is in a dangerous state.
Optionally, after the door is opened and closed, the intelligent door lock still controls the outside to be in an unlocked state.
The invention provides a system for alarming by utilizing wearable equipment and an intelligent door lock, which comprises the wearable equipment and the intelligent door lock; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the wearable device is used for sending an unlocking request and motion record information to the intelligent door lock;
the intelligent door lock is used for receiving an unlocking request and motion record information sent by the wearable equipment; and judging whether the user wearing the wearable equipment is in a dangerous state or not based on the motion record information, and if so, unlocking and sending silence alarm information.
Optionally, the motion record information includes: heart rate information, height information.
Optionally, the determining, based on the motion record information, whether the user wearing the wearable device is in a dangerous state includes:
and drawing a heart rate curve graph of the user based on the heart rate information, judging whether the user has heart rate fluctuation and continues to the present based on the heart rate curve graph, if so, carrying out gait analysis on the user based on the height information to extract gait features, comparing the gait features with verification gait features prestored in the intelligent door lock, and if not, judging that the user is in a dangerous state.
Optionally, the wearable devices are at least two;
optionally, the performing gait analysis on the user based on the height information to extract gait features includes:
and receiving the motion record information of the at least two wearable devices to extract gait sub-features respectively, comparing the gait sub-features with verification gait features prestored in the intelligent door lock, and if the gait sub-features are not matched with the verification gait features prestored in the intelligent door lock, judging that the user is in a dangerous state.
Optionally, the intelligent door lock is further used for remaining in an unlocked state to the outside after the door is opened and closed.
A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, which is provided to be applied to an intelligent door lock, the device including:
a memory storing executable program code;
a processor coupled with the memory;
the processor calls the executable program code stored in the memory to perform the method steps as previously described.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer storage medium configured for application to an intelligent door lock, the storage medium storing computer instructions which, when invoked, perform the method steps as described above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the scheme, the intelligent wearable equipment is adopted to obtain the motion record information of the user wearing the wearable equipment, and the heart rate condition and the gait characteristics of the user can be judged based on the motion record information. If the heart rate condition and the gait characteristic of the user are both abnormal, the user is in a dangerous state, and an alarm is given at the moment. The scheme of the application is particularly suitable for automatic silence alarm when a hijacking event occurs, not only is alarm realized, but also thieves cannot know the alarm.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for alarming by using a wearable device and an intelligent door lock according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scene diagram illustrating gait characteristics of a user walking with a wearable device according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for alarming by using a wearable device and an intelligent door lock, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings or that the product of the present invention is used as it is, this is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and it does not indicate or imply that the device or the element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
With the development of the information age, smart wearable devices have attracted general attention in recent years as emerging products and are gradually applied to aspects of life. The smart wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the clothing or accessories of the user. The smart wearable device generally includes a motion sensor (gyroscope, height sensor, speed sensor, etc.), a position sensor, a heart rate sensor, etc., and can acquire motion information and health information of the user in real time. While this motion and health information may actually be used to determine certain conditions in which the user is currently located, it is this relationship that is discovered and utilized by the inventive arrangements, as will be explained in more detail in the examples below.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for alarming by using a wearable device and an intelligent door lock according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for alarming by using a wearable device and a smart door lock, which is applied to the smart door lock, and the method includes:
s1, the intelligent door lock receives an unlocking request and motion record information sent by the wearable device;
s2, the intelligent door lock judges whether the user wearing the wearable equipment is in a dangerous state or not based on the motion record information, and if yes, the intelligent door lock unlocks and sends silence alarm information.
In the embodiment of the invention, some alarm devices manually operated by users exist in the prior art when users are in emergent dangerous situations such as hijacking, but the users usually do not have the condition of manually operating alarm in the scenes and do not have courage and courage of alarm in more situations, so the alarm devices in the prior art are difficult to play, and even more serious consequences (such as the fact that the manual alarm is discovered by thieves and suffers from more serious personal injury) are possibly brought to the hijacked. The applicant of the present invention has found that when a person is in an emergency situation, the heart rate is in an abnormal fluctuation (sudden increase of heart rate) and is maintained at a higher level for a longer time, even after the danger is relieved; and, it is also appreciated that human gait has individual variability and regularity, and in particular, the gait characteristics are relatively constant under normal conditions (see FIG. 2), while when the user is not under normal conditions, the gait characteristics are significantly different from those under normal conditions. Therefore, the present invention utilizes the above two aspects of the characterization information in dangerous situations to determine whether the user is in a clamped state.
Specifically, after the user is hijacked, the gangster can require the user to open the house door, and for the user who adopts the wearable device to unlock, the action of operating the wearable device to unlock at the moment does not cause the worry and the anger of the gangster, namely, the gangster is not irritated to make an injury action, so the scheme of the invention has special concealment, cannot be detected by the gangster, does not need to be alarmed by the capturer, and only needs to normally unlock the door according to the requirement of the gangster.
Optionally, the motion record information includes: heart rate information, height information.
Optionally, the determining, by the smart door lock, whether the user wearing the wearable device is in a dangerous state based on the motion record information includes:
s21, drawing a heart rate curve graph of the user based on the heart rate information, judging whether the user has heart rate fluctuation and continues to the present based on the heart rate curve graph, and if so, executing a step S22;
and S22, performing gait analysis on the user based on the height information to extract gait characteristics, comparing the gait characteristics with verification gait characteristics prestored in the intelligent door lock, and if the gait characteristics are not matched with the verification gait characteristics, judging that the user is in a dangerous state.
In the embodiment of the invention, the intelligent door lock receives the unlocking request and also receives the motion record information, whether the heart rate of the user is abnormally fluctuated or not can be judged based on the heart rate information in the motion record information, if so, whether the gait characteristics of the user are normal or not is further judged (namely whether the gait characteristics are matched with verification gait characteristics prestored in the intelligent door lock or not is judged), and if not, the user is possibly in a dangerous state at the moment, so that the silent alarm operation can be carried out. Certainly, in order not to be perceived by thieves, the scheme of the application sets normal response to the unlocking request of the user, namely normal door lock opening.
Wherein, the gait characteristic can be a gait curve. When carrying the human body, gangsters usually have two conditions of holding and non-holding. The scoundrel holding means that one hand or both hands hold the upper body of the human body to limit the anti-resistance action of the arms and hold the scoundrel; for non-holding, the scoundrel will usually use the catcher to hold the body of the person being held.
To hugging the condition of holding, user's wearable equipment is in unusual height this moment, also does not possess obvious, regular altitude variation information (for example to intelligent bracelet, the people has regular altitude variation of certain range during normal walking), and intelligent lock just can easily draw the judgement conclusion through comparing with the gait characteristic information that prestores under this kind of condition.
For the situation of non-holding and holding, the hijacked person can walk normally basically, so the gait characteristic curve and the verification gait characteristic curve have high similarity on the dimension of height. In this case, since the heart rate fluctuates abnormally, it is still necessary to make a confirmation judgment based on information of other dimensions. Although the stride of the hijacked person does not change greatly, the transverse swinging amplitude of the body of the hijacked person is obviously smaller than that of the hijacked person when the hijacked person walks in a normal state, and the hijacked person appears as a small career. In this case, the motion record information further includes swing direction information, and the smart door lock determines whether the amplitude of the lateral swing direction of the wearable device is continuously smaller than a preset value based on the obtained swing direction information, and if so, determines that the gait characteristics are not matched, and determines that the user is in a dangerous state.
In summary, it is difficult to directly distinguish the above two situations, and there is no need to distinguish them, so the scheme of the present application is actually to detect the height and swing direction amplitude simultaneously, but only to use the swing direction amplitude when the gait characteristic curve of the height dimension is judged to be "matched".
Optionally, the wearable devices are at least two;
optionally, the performing gait analysis on the user based on the height information to extract gait features includes:
and receiving the motion record information of the at least two wearable devices to extract gait sub-features respectively, comparing the gait sub-features with verification gait features prestored in the intelligent door lock, and if the gait sub-features are not matched with the verification gait features prestored in the intelligent door lock, judging that the user is in a dangerous state.
At present, more and more people have begun to use more than one type of intelligent wearable device, such as intelligent bracelet, intelligent foot ring, intelligent leg ring, etc., and these intelligent devices are respectively worn on different body parts. Therefore, in order to further improve the accuracy of gait feature analysis, the above improved scheme of the invention fully utilizes the real-time motion information of a plurality of wearable devices worn on the body of the user to draw the gait sub-feature curve, so as to realize the analysis of the gait feature of the user from more dimensions and details. Before drawing, a plurality of wearing equipment need first carry out networking communication, for example, intelligent bracelet and intelligent foot ring, intelligent leg ring communicate respectively in order to obtain its motion information/gait sub-characteristic curve, and intelligent bracelet still is as the communication connection host computer with the intelligent lock to realize sending the motion information/gait sub-characteristic curve of three wearable equipment to the intelligent lock by intelligent bracelet and judging, correspondingly, verify the gait characteristic and also include a plurality of verification gait sub-characteristic curves that correspond with the gait sub-characteristic curve.
Similarly, for the holding and clamping condition, at this time, the gait sub-characteristic curves corresponding to the plurality of wearable devices are all abnormal in nature, and we only need to set different weights to the determination results corresponding to the gait sub-characteristic curves of the wearable devices, for example, a lower weight is set to the determination result corresponding to the gait sub-characteristic curve of the wearable device disposed on the lower half body, and a higher weight is set to the determination result corresponding to the gait sub-characteristic curve of the wearable device disposed on the upper half body in the held state. And then, the intelligent door lock respectively carries out similarity calculation on the received multiple gait characteristic curves and the verification gait sub-characteristic curves, then carries out weighted summation on the similarity calculation results, and if the similarity calculation results are lower than a threshold value, the current gait of the user is judged to be abnormal and not matched, namely the user is in a dangerous state.
The above scheme is to match the gait characteristics in detail one by one, and in addition, a mode of matching the gait characteristics integrally can be adopted. The intelligent door lock endows different weights to the multiple gait sub-characteristic curves, then fits the received multiple gait sub-characteristic curves based on the weights (for example, a minimum binary method can be adopted) to obtain fitted gait curves for representing the overall gait characteristics, and then compares the fitted gait curves with the verification gait characteristic curves. The determination of the weight assignment can be performed in the same manner as described above.
And for the non-hugging and clamping condition, gait feature abnormal representation of the hijacked person is not obvious, and when the intelligent door lock preliminarily judges that the intelligent door lock is matched based on the method, similarly, under the condition, the motion record information also comprises swing direction information, the intelligent door lock judges whether the amplitude of the transverse swing direction of the wearable equipment is continuously smaller than a preset value based on the obtained swing direction information, if so, the gait feature is judged to be not matched, and the user is judged to be in a dangerous state.
In summary, it is difficult to directly distinguish the above two situations, and there is no need to distinguish them, so, as before, the scheme of the present application is actually to detect the height and swing direction amplitude simultaneously, but only to use the swing direction amplitude when the gait characteristic curve of the height dimension is judged to be "matched".
Optionally, the weight assignment may also be adjusted in real time, and the wearable device may detect a motion characteristic that the user suddenly changes, and notify the smart door lock, so that the smart door lock sets an effective weight value for the corresponding gait characteristic sub-curve in the temporary period. For example, the user may be sprained while playing a ball, and due to obvious pain of the injured foot, the heart rate of the user may still be in a relatively abnormal state when the user returns to the door, and the gait characteristics are definitely abnormal. Therefore, in order to avoid determining that the user is in a dangerous state, the method is arranged when the wearable device finds that the user has a lameness characteristic based on the real-time motion information, namely, the real-time information is sent to the intelligent door lock through the network, so that the intelligent door lock can temporarily increase the weight of the gait characteristic sub-curve corresponding to the wearable device with feet (the temporary validity period is 2 weeks for example), and when the user goes home at night, curve fitting can be performed based on the new weight, and gait curve matching judgment is further performed, so that the accuracy of the judgment result of the dangerous state is ensured.
Optionally, after the door is opened and closed, the intelligent door lock still controls the outside to be in an unlocked state.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the hijacked person enters the room, the intelligent door lock judges that the user is hijacked with high probability, so that the intelligent door lock is set to be in an outward unlocking state for facilitating subsequent rescue, namely, the intelligent door lock can still be directly opened from the outside of the door.
Optionally, before sending the silence alert information, the method further includes:
the intelligent door lock also monitors voice in the door, and sends silence alarm information if no alarm audio information is found in a set time period.
In a practical situation, when a user has abnormal fluctuation of heart rate and abnormal gait, the user is not necessarily in a hijacked state, for example, the user meets an old friend at a door, two people take a shoulder to enter a room, and heart rate information and gait information under the scene are likely to be highly similar to the scene when the user is hijacked. Aiming at the situation, the indoor situation after unlocking is further judged, if the situation is a hijacking event, the indoor audio information can analyze the characteristics of loud shouting, saddling, smashing of articles and the like, but the situation that a gangster presses down the sound to threaten the hijacker is possible to occur. Therefore, the method and the device detect from a reverse angle, that is, detect whether the indoor audio information includes alarm-releasing audio information, such as laughing sounds, television program sounds (specifically, television program sounds emitted indoors after unlocking), and the like, and the audio information indicates that the indoor atmosphere is harmonious, so that it can be determined that there is no dangerous situation, the alarm is released, and the silence alarm information is no longer sent.
Of course, the scheme of the application is not limited to hijack events actually, and can be completely used for automatic alarm under the conditions of illness, injury and the like, and the corresponding effect of timely curing the object can be achieved.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for alarming by using a wearable device and an intelligent door lock according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the system corresponds to the method according to the first embodiment. As shown in fig. 3, a second aspect of the present invention provides a system for alarming with a wearable device and a smart door lock, the system comprising a wearable device and a smart door lock; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the wearable device is used for sending an unlocking request and motion record information to the intelligent door lock;
the intelligent door lock is used for receiving an unlocking request and motion record information sent by the wearable equipment; and judging whether the user wearing the wearable equipment is in a dangerous state or not based on the motion record information, and if so, unlocking and sending silence alarm information.
Optionally, the motion record information includes: heart rate information, height information.
Optionally, the determining, based on the motion record information, whether the user wearing the wearable device is in a dangerous state includes:
and drawing a heart rate curve graph of the user based on the heart rate information, judging whether the user has heart rate fluctuation and continues to the present based on the heart rate curve graph, if so, carrying out gait analysis on the user based on the height information to extract gait features, comparing the gait features with verification gait features prestored in the intelligent door lock, and if not, judging that the user is in a dangerous state.
Optionally, the wearable devices are at least two;
optionally, the performing gait analysis on the user based on the height information to extract gait features includes:
and receiving the motion record information of the at least two wearable devices to extract gait sub-features respectively, comparing the gait sub-features with verification gait features prestored in the intelligent door lock, and if the gait sub-features are not matched with the verification gait features prestored in the intelligent door lock, judging that the user is in a dangerous state.
Optionally, the intelligent door lock is further used for remaining in an unlocked state to the outside after the door is opened and closed.
Optionally, the intelligent door lock is further configured to perform voice monitoring on the interior of the door before sending the silence alarm information, and send the silence alarm information again if no alarm audio releasing information is found in the set time period.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in fig. 4, a third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, which is disposed on an intelligent door lock, and includes:
a memory storing executable program code;
a processor coupled with the memory;
the processor calls the executable program code stored in the memory to perform the method steps as described in embodiment one.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a computer storage medium, which is disposed in an intelligent door lock, and the storage medium stores computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are called, the computer instructions are used to execute the method steps according to the first embodiment.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A method for alarming by using wearable equipment and an intelligent door lock is applied to the intelligent door lock, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, the intelligent door lock receives an unlocking request and motion record information sent by the wearable device;
s2, the intelligent door lock judges whether the user wearing the wearable equipment is in a dangerous state or not based on the motion record information, and if so, the intelligent door lock unlocks and sends silence alarm information;
the motion recording information includes: heart rate information, height information.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the intelligent door lock judges whether a user wearing the wearable device is in a dangerous state based on the motion record information, and the method comprises the following steps:
s21, drawing a heart rate curve graph of the user based on the heart rate information, judging whether the user has heart rate fluctuation and continues to the present based on the heart rate curve graph, and if so, executing a step S22;
and S22, performing gait analysis on the user based on the height information to extract gait characteristics, comparing the gait characteristics with verification gait characteristics prestored in the intelligent door lock, and if the gait characteristics are not matched with the verification gait characteristics, judging that the user is in a dangerous state.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the number of the wearable devices is at least two;
the gait analysis of the user based on the height information to extract gait features includes:
and receiving the motion record information of the at least two wearable devices to extract gait sub-features respectively, comparing the gait sub-features with verification gait features prestored in the intelligent door lock, and if the gait sub-features are not matched with the verification gait features prestored in the intelligent door lock, judging that the user is in a dangerous state.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: after the door is opened and closed, the intelligent door lock still controls the outside to be in an unlocked state.
5. The utility model provides an utilize system that wearable equipment and intelligent lock reported to police which characterized in that: the system comprises a wearable device and an intelligent door lock; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the wearable device is used for sending an unlocking request and motion record information to the intelligent door lock;
the intelligent door lock is used for receiving an unlocking request and motion record information sent by the wearable equipment; judging whether a user wearing the wearable equipment is in a dangerous state or not based on the motion record information, and if so, unlocking and sending silence alarm information;
the motion recording information includes: heart rate information, height information.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein: the determining whether the user wearing the wearable device is in a dangerous state based on the motion record information includes:
and drawing a heart rate curve graph of the user based on the heart rate information, judging whether the user has heart rate fluctuation and continues to the present based on the heart rate curve graph, if so, carrying out gait analysis on the user based on the height information to extract gait features, comparing the gait features with verification gait features prestored in the intelligent door lock, and if not, judging that the user is in a dangerous state.
7. An electronic device, this electronic device sets up and is applied to intelligent lock, equipment includes:
a memory storing executable program code;
a processor coupled with the memory;
the processor calls the executable program code stored in the memory to perform the method steps of any of claims 1-4.
8. A computer storage medium provided for application to an intelligent door lock, the storage medium storing computer instructions for performing the method steps of any one of claims 1-4 when invoked.
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