CN112941409A - Low-temperature steel and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Low-temperature steel and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112941409A CN112941409A CN202110116391.3A CN202110116391A CN112941409A CN 112941409 A CN112941409 A CN 112941409A CN 202110116391 A CN202110116391 A CN 202110116391A CN 112941409 A CN112941409 A CN 112941409A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/001—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
- B21B2001/225—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length by hot-rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses low-temperature steel and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the low-temperature steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.6-0.8%, Mn: 18-20%, Ni: 4-6%, Si: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The components of the austenitic low-temperature steel are designed to take C, Mn and Ni as main alloy elements, and the austenitic low-temperature steel with excellent impact toughness at the temperature of-269 ℃ is obtained. Compared with 9% Ni steel and chrome-nickel austenitic stainless steel, the steel has lower Ni content, lower use temperature compared with 9% Ni steel, no need of thermal treatment such as quenching and tempering, solid solution treatment and the like, and simpler manufacturing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to steel and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to low-temperature steel with excellent impact toughness at a temperature of-269 ℃ and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Materials with excellent low-temperature performance are required to be used in the related low-temperature fields of liquid hydrogen, liquid helium and the like, and the minimum service temperature is as low as-269 ℃. 9% Ni steel and chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel are commonly used steel for low temperature, the service temperature of the 9% Ni steel is not lower than-196 ℃, and the chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel can be used at lower temperature. However, both of them add a large amount of Ni element, and the Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steel also adds a large amount of Cr element, and in addition, the production process also requires heat treatment such as hardening and tempering (9% Ni steel) or solid solution (Cr-Ni austenitic stainless steel), and therefore, the production cost is high and the process is complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the low-temperature steel which is added with less or no Ni and Cr elements, does not need heat treatment and can ensure that the steel still has excellent impact toughness at the temperature of-269 ℃.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the above low temperature steel.
The technical scheme is as follows: the low-temperature steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.6-0.8%, Mn: 18-20%, Ni: 4-6%, Si: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The low-temperature steel has the following component design mechanism:
first, the composition design is to fundamentally change the material structure type into austenite and make austenite have high enough stability so that transformation does not occur at low temperature, thereby making the material have excellent impact toughness at lower temperature without increasing the Ni content.
Specifically, Mn and C have a stronger effect of stabilizing austenite than Ni element, and can significantly improve the strength of the material. However, each element has its functional characteristics, and multiple elements should be added in combination and the optimal ratio should be selected.
Therefore, the free energy of austenite at any temperature is always lower than that of martensite by adding 0.6-0.8% of C, 18-20% of Mn and 4-6% of Ni, and the fault energy of austenite in the temperature range from room temperature to-269 ℃ is controlled to be 5-40 mJ.m-2The strengthening and toughening are mainly realized by a twin mechanism. The FCC crystal structure of the austenite structure has high capability of resisting crack propagation, and can improve the crack propagation work in the impact deformation process, thereby improving the impact toughness.
In addition to the chemical constituents described above, the present invention defines the addition and scope of other elements. Although Si can produce a certain degree of solid solution strengthening, segregation of Si in grain boundaries weakens grain boundaries and increases intergranular brittleness, Si also reduces plasticity, and the content of Si should be controlled to 0.5% or less. In addition, harmful elements P and S can obviously damage low-temperature toughness, and the upper limit needs to be controlled, wherein P is less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and S is less than or equal to 0.01 percent.
Corresponding to the low-temperature steel, the technical scheme adopted by the manufacturing method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) blank selection: selecting blanks with target components, wherein the thickness of the blanks is 150-320 mm, and the thickness ratio of the blanks to the steel plate is not less than 8;
(2) heating the blank: the target temperature is 1130-1230 ℃; the heating process is controlled as follows: the heating time in the range of room temperature to 700 ℃ is more than or equal to (0.6min/mm) x H, the heating time from 700 ℃ to the target temperature is more than or equal to (0.4min/mm) x H, and the soaking time at the target temperature is more than or equal to (0.1min/mm) x H, wherein H is the thickness of the blank; the volume fraction of oxygen in the heating atmosphere is less than or equal to 3 percent;
(3) blank rolling: the initial rolling temperature is less than or equal to 1100 ℃, and the final rolling target temperature is 890-940 ℃; the pass deformation is more than or equal to 10 percent;
(4) cooling the steel plate: watering the rolled steel plate to accelerate cooling, wherein the starting cooling temperature is more than or equal to 800 ℃, and the final cooling temperature is less than or equal to 300 ℃; and after the water cooling is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
The mechanism of the manufacturing method is as follows:
when the blank is heated, a high-temperature austenite structure with a certain grain size is obtained, and simultaneously, the alloy elements are homogenized in a diffusion mode. The heating temperature is too high, which leads to overheating and even over-burning, while the heating temperature is too low, which is not good for homogenization of the alloy elements, so the heating temperature is controlled to be 1130-1230 ℃. The blank is rolled after being heated, equiaxial austenite grains with uniform size are obtained through recrystallization refinement, and rolling is required to be carried out in a complete austenite recrystallization region, so that the rolling deformation temperature is controlled to be above 890 ℃, and the sufficient grain refinement effect is ensured by controlling the finish rolling temperature to be 890-940 ℃. In order to obtain a sufficient effect of refining the high-temperature recrystallized grains, it is required that the thickness ratio of the slab to the rolled steel sheet is not less than 8.
In addition to obtaining a refined austenite structure, it is necessary to suppress cementite precipitation on grain boundaries to ensure sufficient grain boundary strength to achieve excellent low-temperature toughness. The low-temperature steel has a cementite precipitation temperature lower than 800 ℃, so the start cooling temperature of the rolled steel plate is required to be more than or equal to 800 ℃, and the steel plate is cooled to 300 ℃ or below. The carbide is slowly precipitated at 300 ℃ or lower, and air cooling is possible. The steel sheet does not need to be heat-treated.
Has the advantages that: the invention uses C, Mn and Ni as main alloy elements to carry out component design, thereby obtaining the austenite structure with high stability and specific stacking fault energy and the low-temperature steel with excellent impact toughness at the temperature of-269 ℃. Compared with 9% Ni steel and chrome-nickel austenitic stainless steel, the steel has lower Ni content, lower use temperature compared with 9% Ni steel, no need of thermal treatment such as quenching and tempering, solid solution treatment and the like, and simpler manufacturing process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in impact power of the V-notch Charpy impact test with test temperature of the steel sheet in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the chemical components and mass fractions of the low-temperature steel are respectively 0.69% of C, 19% of Mn, 5.2% of Ni, 0.24% of Si, 0.011% of P, 0.003% of S, and the balance of Fe and impurity elements. The thickness of the steel plate is 20mm, and as shown in figure 1, the impact energy is approximately linearly reduced along with the reduction of the temperature, and the impact energy is 93J in a V-shaped notch Charpy impact test at the temperature of-269 ℃.
The steel plate rolling method comprises the following steps: a billet having the same composition as described above was used and had a thickness of 260 mm. The blank heating temperature is 1180 ℃; the heating time is 178min at the room temperature of 700 ℃ to 700 ℃, the heating time is 125min at the temperature of 700 ℃ to 1180 ℃, the soaking time is 31min, and the oxygen volume fraction of the heating atmosphere is 1.8%. The initial rolling temperature is 1080 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 917 ℃. And watering the rolled steel plate to accelerate cooling, wherein the opening cooling temperature is 845 ℃, the final cooling temperature is 170 ℃, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after water cooling is finished.
Example 2: the chemical components and mass fractions of the low-temperature steel are respectively 0.69% of C, 19% of Mn, 5.2% of Ni, 0.24% of Si, 0.011% of P, 0.003% of S, and the balance of Fe and impurity elements. The thickness of the steel plate is 5mm, and the impact energy of the V-shaped notch Charpy impact test at-269 ℃ is 59J.
The steel plate rolling method comprises the following steps: a billet having the same composition as described above was used and had a thickness of 150 mm. The blank heating temperature is 1230 ℃; the heating time is 90min at the temperature of between room temperature and 700 ℃, the heating time is 65min at the temperature of between 700 and 1230 ℃, the soaking time is 20min, and the oxygen volume fraction of the heating atmosphere is 3 percent. The initial rolling temperature is 1100 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 890 ℃. And watering the rolled steel plate to accelerate cooling, wherein the start cooling temperature is 811 ℃, the final cooling temperature is 52 ℃, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after water cooling is finished.
Example 3: the chemical components and mass fractions of the low-temperature steel are respectively 0.69% of C, 19% of Mn, 5.2% of Ni, 0.24% of Si, 0.011% of P, 0.003% of S, and the balance of Fe and impurity elements. The thickness of the steel plate is 40mm, and the impact energy of a V-shaped notch Charpy impact test at-269 ℃ is 107J.
The steel plate rolling method comprises the following steps: a billet of the same composition as described above was used and had a thickness of 320 mm. A billet heating target temperature 1130 ℃; the heating time is 195min at the temperature of between room temperature and 700 ℃, the heating time is 140min at the temperature of between 700 and 1130 ℃, the soaking time is 39min, and the oxygen volume fraction of the heating atmosphere is 1.1 percent. The initial rolling temperature is 1042 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 940 ℃. And watering the rolled steel plate to accelerate cooling, wherein the opening cooling temperature is 880 ℃, the final cooling temperature is 287 ℃, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after water cooling is finished.
Example 4: the chemical components and mass fractions of the low-temperature steel are respectively 0.6% of C, 18% of Mn, 4% of Ni, 0.5% of Si, 0.008% of P, 0.006% of S, and the balance of Fe and impurity elements. The thickness of the steel plate is 20mm, and the impact energy of a V-shaped notch Charpy impact test at-269 ℃ is 91J.
The steel plate rolling method comprises the following steps: a billet having the same composition as described above was used and had a thickness of 260 mm. The blank heating temperature is 1200 ℃; the heating time is 183min at the room temperature of 700 ℃ to 700 ℃, the heating time is 104min at the temperature of 700 ℃ to 1180 ℃, the soaking time is 30min, and the oxygen volume fraction of the heating atmosphere is 1.6%. The initial rolling temperature is 1100 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 924 ℃. And watering the rolled steel plate to accelerate cooling, wherein the opening cooling temperature is 856 ℃, the final cooling temperature is 300 ℃, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after water cooling is finished.
Example 5: the chemical components and mass fractions of the low-temperature steel are respectively 0.8% of C, 20% of Mn, 6% of Ni, 0.12% of Si, 0.016% of P, 0.004% of S and the balance of Fe and impurity elements. The thickness of the steel plate is 20mm, and the impact energy of a V-shaped notch Charpy impact test at-269 ℃ is 75J.
The steel plate rolling method comprises the following steps: a billet of the same composition as described above was used, having a thickness of 280 mm. The blank heating temperature is 1190 ℃; 191min of heating time within the range of room temperature to 700 ℃, 140min of heating time within the range of 700 to 1180 ℃, 28min of soaking time, and 1.6 percent of oxygen volume fraction of heating atmosphere. The initial rolling temperature is 1080 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃. And watering the rolled steel plate to accelerate cooling, wherein the start cooling temperature is 800 ℃, the end cooling temperature is 192 ℃, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after water cooling is finished.
Claims (6)
1. The low-temperature steel is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.6-0.8%, Mn: 18-20%, Ni: 4-6%, Si: less than or equal to 0.5 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The cryogenic steel of claim 1, wherein the structure is austenite.
3. The low-temperature steel according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the steel plate is 5 to 40 mm.
4. The cryogenic steel of claim 1, comprising C: 0.69-0.8%, Mn: 19-20%, Ni: 4-5.2%, Si: less than or equal to 0.24 percent, P: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.01 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
5. A cryogenic steel according to claim 3, wherein the steel sheet has a charpy impact work of 59J or more in the V-notch charpy impact test at-269 ℃.
6. A method of manufacturing a cryogenic steel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) blank selection: selecting blanks with target components, wherein the thickness of the blanks is 150-320 mm, and the thickness ratio of the blanks to the steel plate is not less than 8;
(2) heating the blank: the target temperature is 1130-1230 ℃; the heating process is controlled as follows: the heating time in the range of room temperature to 700 ℃ is more than or equal to (0.6min/mm) x H, the heating time from 700 ℃ to the target temperature is more than or equal to (0.4min/mm) x H, and the soaking time at the target temperature is more than or equal to (0.1min/mm) x H, wherein H is the thickness of the blank; the volume fraction of oxygen in the heating atmosphere is less than or equal to 3 percent;
(3) blank rolling: the initial rolling temperature is less than or equal to 1100 ℃, and the final rolling target temperature is 890-940 ℃; the pass deformation is more than or equal to 10 percent;
(4) cooling the steel plate: watering the rolled steel plate to accelerate cooling, wherein the starting cooling temperature is more than or equal to 800 ℃, and the final cooling temperature is less than or equal to 300 ℃; and after the water cooling is finished, air cooling to room temperature.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56263A (en) * | 1979-06-12 | 1981-01-06 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | High-manganese-content steel for low temperature |
| US20080240969A1 (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2008-10-02 | Posco | High Strength Hot Rolled Steel Sheet Containing High Mn Content with Excellent Workability and Method for Manufacturing the Same |
| CN106222554A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-12-14 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of economical steel used at ultra-low temperature and preparation method thereof |
| JP2017155300A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-07 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Thick steel sheet for low temperature and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN107177786A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-19 | 东北大学 | The design and its manufacture method of a kind of high manganese cut deal of LNG storage tank |
| CN109518098A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-03-26 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of austenitic cryogenic steel and preparation method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-01-27 CN CN202110116391.3A patent/CN112941409A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56263A (en) * | 1979-06-12 | 1981-01-06 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | High-manganese-content steel for low temperature |
| US20080240969A1 (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2008-10-02 | Posco | High Strength Hot Rolled Steel Sheet Containing High Mn Content with Excellent Workability and Method for Manufacturing the Same |
| JP2017155300A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-07 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Thick steel sheet for low temperature and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN106222554A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-12-14 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of economical steel used at ultra-low temperature and preparation method thereof |
| CN107177786A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-19 | 东北大学 | The design and its manufacture method of a kind of high manganese cut deal of LNG storage tank |
| CN109518098A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-03-26 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of austenitic cryogenic steel and preparation method thereof |
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