CN112941399B - 409L stainless steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
409L stainless steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/005—Manufacture of stainless steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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Abstract
The invention provides 409L stainless steel and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out electric furnace treatment, top-blown desulfurization, AOD (argon oxygen decarburization) and refining treatment on the raw materials, and controlling the content of C and N to be less than or equal to 150 ppm; continuously casting to obtain a plate blank with the thickness of 220 mm; heating the plate blank to 1150-1250 ℃, controlling the rolling temperature to 950 ℃, and performing 10-pass rolling to obtain a hot-rolled coil with the thickness of 3.0-5.0 mm; air cooling at 860 deg.c, acid pickling, cold rolling and cold annealing to obtain 409L stainless steel. The preparation method of the 409L stainless steel has low cost and simple process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of stainless steel, in particular to a preparation method of 409L stainless steel, and belongs to the technical field of stainless steel preparation.
Background
The exhaust system of the automobile processes the high-temperature and high-speed combustion waste gas generated by the engine of the automobile and then discharges the waste gas to the outside of the automobile. The main functions of the exhaust system are to reduce vibration and noise and to convert the exhaust gases into clean gases after they have been re-combusted. The automobile exhaust system is the longest component of automobile components, and the system is subject to great temperature variation (-20 to 850 ℃) and high-frequency vibration of high-temperature, high-speed exhaust gas, and is in the most varied, most complex environment in the automobile. Recently, due to the increasingly strict standards of environmental protection on automobile exhaust, the increase of short-distance urban driving, the spreading of snow removal agents in winter and the like, the use standards of exhaust systems are also becoming strict, and from the European II-European IV standards, the traditional steel cannot meet the technical requirements.
The 409L stainless steel has strong high temperature resistance, can realize a high-efficiency engine and an exhaust system, reduce the thickness of the exhaust system and reduce the emission of waste gas. Moreover, the 409L stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, low cost, good flexibility, high yield and easy replacement, belongs to a new environment-friendly product, is suitable for prolonging the service life of an automobile and lightening the weight of the automobile, and is used as a recyclable environment-friendly material, and 409L stainless steel is adopted by main automobile manufacturers such as GM, Ford, Volkswagen, DaimlerChrysler and the like in the aspect of an exhaust system by 100 percent. 409L of material has been used for high-end motorcycle exhaust systems. 409L stainless steel is used for each vehicle, and the amount of the stainless steel is 35KGS-65 KGS.
However, the current manufacturing method of 409L stainless steel is costly and can withstand temperature extremes of-20 to 650 ℃, limiting its application to some extent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing 409L stainless steel, which is low in cost and has a wide temperature limit.
In order to achieve the above technical object, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing 409L stainless steel, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out electric furnace treatment, top-blown desulfurization, AOD (argon oxygen decarburization) and refining treatment on the raw materials, and controlling the sum of the contents of C and N to be less than or equal to 150 ppm;
step two: carrying out continuous casting to obtain a plate blank;
step three: heating the plate blank to 1150-1250 ℃, controlling the rolling temperature to 950 ℃, and rolling to obtain a hot-rolled coil;
step four: air cooling at 860 deg.c, acid pickling, cold rolling and cold annealing to obtain 409L stainless steel.
According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the sum of the contents of C and N is controlled to be less than or equal to 150ppm by controlling the parameters of the AOD process, so that the VOD (vacuum refining) process step in the traditional 409L stainless steel preparation process can be omitted, and the cost is saved. In addition, the preparation method of the invention controls the hot rolling at 950 ℃, which is beneficial to the recrystallization and recovery of the crystal grains, and further beneficial to the further recovery of the crystal grains through the higher temperature cooling (860 ℃). The aim of the annealing process is realized, the annealing process can be saved, the cost is saved, and the process steps are reduced.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step one specifically includes the following steps:
the first three furnaces smelt low N steel, wash the furnaces and replace the alloy of the stock bin; adopting EAF for smelting, wherein the tapping temperature is 1500-1550 ℃;
removing S to less than or equal to 200ppm by top-blown desulfurization using SiC, SiFe and CaF2CaO slagging;
AOD oxygen blowing is carried out to remove C, N is controlled to be less than or equal to 50ppm, and C is controlled to be less than or equal to 50 ppm;
and (3) refining by using LF, treating calcium in the impurities and floating the impurities.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the second step, the thickness of the slab is 220 mm.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in step three, the rolling comprises 10 passes of rolling; wherein, 10 passes of rolling include: after 5 passes of rough rolling, the steel is subjected to 5 passes of finish rolling.
In one embodiment of the invention, the rough rolling is to perform 5-pass reciprocating rolling on a plate blank with the thickness of 220mm to a specified thickness, such as 20mm-30 mm. In particular, the rough rolling may be performed in a 4-roll vertical mill.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the finishing rolling process is controlled to a temperature of 950 ℃. In particular, the finish rolling may be performed in a steckel mill.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the rough rolling is a natural temperature drop rolling.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the third step, the thickness of the hot rolled coil is 3.0mm to 5.0 mm.
In the method for producing the 409L stainless steel of the present invention, C, N exists as C, N compounds of Ti by controlling the addition of Ti, and Ti stabilization treatment is performed to keep Ti at 0.08+8(C + N), so that Cr element is not consumed, a Cr-poor region is generated, and corrosion resistance is not reduced.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the acid cleaning may be performed by using nitric acid and/or hydrofluoric acid in the fourth step.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in the fourth step, the steel sheet is rolled to a thickness of 0.5mm to 1.5mm by cold rolling. The cold annealing temperature is 970-1040 ℃, and the cold annealing can be carried out by air cooling or air cooling plus fog cooling at 970-1040 ℃.
The invention also provides 409L stainless steel, and the 409L stainless steel is prepared by the preparation method. In the 409L stainless steel, C is less than or equal to 0.03, Mn is less than or equal to 1.0, P is less than or equal to 0.04, S is less than or equal to 0.03, Cr is 10.5-11.7, Ni is less than or equal to 0.5, N is less than or equal to 0.03, and Ti is 0.08+8 x (C + N) to 0.75.
The preparation method of the 409L stainless steel omits a VOD process and an annealing process by controlling the C + N to be less than or equal to 150ppm and the hot rolling and air cooling temperatures, thereby simplifying the process flow and greatly reducing the production cost.
In addition, the 409L steel grade without the annealing process has thinner iron scale on the surface, and is beneficial to acid cleaning and improvement of productivity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 3D view (25X) of the structure of a hot-rolled coil after annealing and pickling were omitted in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a structural view (50X) of a hot-rolled coil after annealing and pickling are omitted in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram (50X) of a hot-rolled coil after normal annealing and pickling in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in order to clearly understand the technical features, objects, and advantages of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the practical scope of the present invention.
ridging value, a means for evaluating surface quality, due to the specific crystal structure of ferritic stainless steel, during rolling, grains having the same orientation are gathered together to form grain clusters, resulting in uneven distribution in microscopic orientation, which is a main cause of surface wrinkling during the formation of ferritic stainless steel; generally, the evaluation of the degree of wrinkling is mainly evaluated by the magnitude of the measured value of roughness, in the present invention, the Rt value of a stretched specimen is mainly measured after it is stretched by 15%, and the smaller Rt, the smaller the wrinkling, the better the formed surface quality.
Forming performance: the forming performance refers to the adaptability of the plate to various punch forming, namely the capability of the sheet to generate plastic deformation without failure in the formulation and processing process, and the evaluation parameters mainly adopted in the invention are a plastic deformation ratio (r) and an average plastic strain ratio (r-bar);
the specific calculation formula is as follows:
(r0、r45、r90: plastic strain ratio r value in 0 degree, 45 degree and 90 degree directions with sheet rolling direction)
r: and (3) stretching the metal sheet sample along the axial direction until uniform plastic deformation is generated, wherein the ratio of the true strain (epsilon b) of the sample in the width direction to the true strain in the thickness direction (epsilon a) is within the gauge length.
r-bar: the direct physical meaning is the capability of the thin plate for resisting thickness change, and the larger the r-bar value of the thin plate is, the more difficult the thin plate becomes in the deep drawing process, thus being beneficial to improving the stretching deformation degree and ensuring the product quality.
Example 1
This example provides a 409L stainless steel, which was prepared by the following procedure.
The method comprises the following steps: refining the raw material through EAF + DEP → Top Bubbling desulfurization → AOD → LF/LT, and controlling the sum of the contents of C and N to be less than or equal to 150 ppm;
step two: continuous casting was carried out to obtain a slab having a thickness of 220 mm.
Step three: heating the plate blank to 1150-1250 ℃, controlling the rolling temperature to 950 ℃, and obtaining a hot-rolled coil with the thickness of 3.0-5.0 mm through 5-pass rough rolling and 5-pass finish rolling; rough rolling is carried out in a 4-roller vertical rolling mill, and a plate blank with the thickness of 220mm is subjected to 5-pass reciprocating rolling until the thickness is 20mm-30 mm; fine rolling is carried out in a steckel mill, and the temperature is controlled to be 950 ℃; and controlling the coiling temperature to 860 ℃, air-cooling, and pickling by nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
Step four: cold rolling to the thickness of 0.5mm-1.5mm, and air cooling at 970-1040 ℃ to obtain 409L stainless steel.
The 409L stainless steel obtained in this example was subjected to the tests shown in Table 1.
Fig. 1 and 2 show the thermally annealed structure after annealing (example 1) is omitted. Fig. 3 shows the thermal annealing structure after the normal annealing, and it is apparent from fig. 1 that the grains are fully recrystallized and recovered, and the grains are equiaxed. It can be seen that the grains of example 1 also recovered well; the grain size grade is higher than that of the comparative example 1, and the strength and toughness of the example 1 are better than those of the comparative example 1.
Example 2
This example provides a 409L stainless steel, which was prepared by the following procedure.
The method comprises the following steps: refining the raw material through EAF + DEP → Top Bubbling desulfurization → AOD → LF/LT, and controlling the sum of the contents of C and N to be less than or equal to 150 ppm;
step two: continuous casting was carried out to obtain a slab having a thickness of 220 mm.
Step three: heating the plate blank to 1150-1250 ℃, controlling the rolling temperature to 950 ℃, and obtaining a hot-rolled coil with the thickness of 3.0-5.0 mm through 5-pass rough rolling and 5-pass finish rolling; rough rolling is carried out in a 4-roller vertical rolling mill, and a plate blank with the thickness of 220mm is subjected to 5-pass reciprocating rolling until the thickness is 20mm-30 mm; and (3) performing finish rolling in a steckel mill, controlling the temperature to be 950 ℃, controlling the coiling temperature to be 860 ℃, performing air cooling, and performing nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid pickling.
Step four: cold rolling to the thickness of 0.5mm-1.5mm, and air cooling and fog cooling at the cold annealing temperature of 970-1040 ℃ to obtain 409L stainless steel.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a 409L stainless steel, which was prepared by the following procedure.
The method comprises the following steps: refining the raw material through EAF + DEP → Top Bubbling desulfurization → AOD → LF/LT, and controlling the sum of the contents of C and N to be less than or equal to 150 ppm;
step two: continuous casting was carried out to obtain a slab having a thickness of 220 mm.
Step three: heating the plate blank to 1150-1250 ℃, controlling the rolling temperature to 950 ℃, and obtaining a hot-rolled coil with the thickness of 3.0-5.0 mm through 5-pass rough rolling and 5-pass finish rolling; rough rolling is carried out in a 4-roller vertical rolling mill, and a plate blank with the thickness of 220mm is subjected to 5-pass reciprocating rolling until the thickness is between 20 and 30 mm; finish rolling is carried out in a steckel mill, the temperature is controlled to be 950 ℃, the coiling temperature is controlled to be 680 ℃, air cooling is carried out, the thermal annealing temperature is controlled to be 860 ℃, and nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid pickling are carried out.
Step four: cold rolling to the thickness of 0.5mm-1.5mm, and air cooling at 970-1040 ℃ to obtain 409L stainless steel.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a 409L stainless steel, which was prepared by the following procedure.
The method comprises the following steps: refining the raw material by EAF + DEP → Top Bubbling desulfurization → AOD → LF/LT, and controlling the sum of the contents of C and N to be less than or equal to 150 ppm;
step two: continuous casting was carried out to obtain a slab having a thickness of 220 mm.
Step three: heating the plate blank to 1150-1250 ℃, controlling the rolling temperature to 950 ℃, and obtaining a hot-rolled coil with the thickness of 3.0-5.0 mm through 5-pass rough rolling and 5-pass finish rolling; rough rolling is carried out in a 4-roller vertical rolling mill, and a plate blank with the thickness of 220mm is subjected to 5-pass reciprocating rolling until the thickness is 20mm-30 mm; finish rolling is carried out in a steckel mill, the temperature is controlled to be 950 ℃, the coiling temperature is controlled to be 680 ℃, air cooling is carried out, the thermal annealing temperature is controlled to be 860 ℃, and nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid pickling are carried out.
Step four: cold rolling to the thickness of 0.5mm-1.5mm, and air cooling and fog cooling at the cold annealing temperature of 970-1040 ℃ to obtain 409L stainless steel.
TABLE 1
The actual performance measurement data results are shown in table 1: from the data, the ridging and r-bar values have good effects, the surface quality and the forming performance of the product are improved well, and the preparation method of the 409L stainless steel omits a VOD (vacuum oxygen decarburization) process and an annealing process, so that the process flow is simplified, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
Claims (11)
1. A preparation method of 409L stainless steel omits a VOD process and an annealing process, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out electric furnace treatment, top-blown desulfurization, AOD (argon oxygen decarburization) and refining treatment on the raw materials, and controlling the sum of the contents of C and N to be less than or equal to 150 ppm;
step two: continuously casting to obtain a plate blank;
step three: heating the plate blank to 1150-1250 ℃, controlling the rolling temperature to 950 ℃, and rolling to obtain a hot-rolled coil;
step four: air cooling at 860 ℃, and performing acid pickling, cold rolling and cold annealing to obtain 409L stainless steel;
in the 409L stainless steel, C is less than or equal to 0.03, Mn is less than or equal to 1.0, P is less than or equal to 0.04, S is less than or equal to 0.03, Cr is 10.5-11.7, Ni is less than or equal to 0.5, N is less than or equal to 0.03, and Ti is 0.08+8 x (C + N) to 0.75.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step one comprises the steps of:
the first three furnaces smelt low N steel, and the furnace is washed, and the alloy of the stock bin is replaced; adopting EAF for smelting, wherein the tapping temperature is 1500-1550 ℃;
removing S to less than or equal to 200ppm by top-blown desulfurization, and using SiC, SiFe and CaF2CaO slagging;
AOD oxygen blowing is carried out to remove C, N is controlled to be less than or equal to 50ppm, and C is controlled to be less than or equal to 50 ppm;
refining, inclusion calcium treatment and inclusion floating treatment.
3. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein, in the second step, the thickness of the slab is 220 mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein, in step three, the rolling comprises 10 passes of rolling.
5. The production method according to claim 4, wherein the 10-pass rolling includes: 5-pass rough rolling and 5-pass finish rolling.
6. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein the finish rolling process is controlled at 950 ℃; and (4) performing natural temperature reduction rolling during rough rolling.
7. The production method according to claim 1, wherein, in step three, the hot-rolled coil has a thickness of 3.0mm to 5.0 mm.
8. The production method according to claim 1, wherein, in the fourth step, the acid washing is performed with nitric acid and/or hydrofluoric acid.
9. The production method according to claim 1, wherein, in the fourth step, the steel sheet is subjected to cold rolling and calendering to a thickness of 0.5mm to 1.5 mm; the temperature of cold annealing is 970-1040 ℃.
10. A 409L stainless steel prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. The 409L stainless steel of claim 10, wherein the 409L stainless steel has a C of 0.03 or less, Mn of 1.0 or less, P of 0.04 or less, S of 0.03 or less, Cr of 10.5 to 11.7, Ni of 0.5 or less, N of 0.03 or less, and Ti of 0.08+8 x (C + N) to 0.75.
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