CN112939587A - Preparation method of high-density nano ceramic grinding material - Google Patents

Preparation method of high-density nano ceramic grinding material Download PDF

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CN112939587A
CN112939587A CN202110176906.9A CN202110176906A CN112939587A CN 112939587 A CN112939587 A CN 112939587A CN 202110176906 A CN202110176906 A CN 202110176906A CN 112939587 A CN112939587 A CN 112939587A
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temperature
colloid
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oxide
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CN112939587B (en
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马骋
赵帅印
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Luoyang Runbao Abrasive Materials Co ltd
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Luoyang Runbao Abrasive Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-density nano ceramic grinding material, belonging to the technical field of nano materials, wherein a special alumina wet material is used as a raw material, and the proportion of the special alumina wet material to deionized water is 1: 1-4, adding a seeding agent and an inhibitor into the uniformly mixed suspension, and adding acid to adjust the pH value to 2-4 after uniform mixing to form special alumina gel. And drying the alumina gel, and drying the dried colloid to obtain a dry and crisp colloid. Crushing and screening the dry colloid, and then putting the required section into a medium-temperature calcining rotary furnace for calcining at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 30 minutes; the material after being burnt at the medium temperature is put into a high-temperature rotary furnace to be burnt at the temperature of 1400 ℃ and 1500 ℃ for 20-40 minutes. And finely screening the sintered particles, and separating into nano ceramic grinding materials with corresponding particle sizes. The prepared nano ceramic grinding material has higher density and the crystal size is within 1 mu m.

Description

Preparation method of high-density nano ceramic grinding material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nano materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-density nano ceramic grinding material.
Background
The nano ceramic grinding material is a new generation grinding material which is sintered to generate crystal after a special seeding gel method, and has the advantages of high hardness, good self-sharpening property, high processing precision, low heat generation rate and the like. The production technology of the microcrystal nanometer ceramic material is originally created by American 3M company, the production method is extremely confidential, the 3M company only sells finished tools and does not sell raw materials, huge commercial benefits are obtained by means of years of patent technology monopoly, and the technical promotion of the grinding industry in China is severely restricted. With the development of the technology of the domestic abrasive industry, the production method of the nano ceramic abrasive is overcome; however, the existing method has the defects of low production efficiency, high energy consumption, high cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-density nano ceramic grinding material. The invention adopts the special alumina as the raw material, thereby reducing the cost of the raw material and simultaneously avoiding the generation of dust in the feeding process; and a plurality of seeding agents and inhibitors are used, so that the glue making process is simplified, the product quality is easier to control in the calcining process, the sintering time is greatly shortened, and the energy consumption is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the specific scheme that:
a preparation method of a high-density nano ceramic grinding material comprises the following steps:
taking a special alumina wet material as a raw material, wherein the mass ratio of the special alumina wet material to deionized water is 1: 1-4 to obtain suspension;
step two, adding a seeding agent and an inhibitor into the suspension obtained in the step one, uniformly mixing, and then adding inorganic acid to adjust the pH value to 2-4 to obtain alumina gel; the total addition of the seeding agent and the inhibitor is 5 percent of the weight of the special alumina wet material;
step three, uniformly spreading the alumina gel obtained in the step two on a drying equipment belt for drying, wherein the thickness of the spread cloth is 2-5 cm; conveying the dried colloid to drying equipment through a belt, and drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 80-140 ℃ to obtain dry colloid;
step four, crushing and screening the dry colloid obtained in the step three, and putting the required section into a medium-temperature calcining rotary furnace for calcining at the calcining temperature of 600 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain a medium-temperature calcined material; and (3) putting the medium-temperature calcined material into a high-temperature rotary furnace for calcination at the temperature of 1400 ℃ and 1500 ℃ for 20-40 minutes, and finely screening the particles subjected to high-temperature calcination to obtain the nano ceramic grinding materials with different particle sizes.
As a further optimization of the above scheme, in the second step, the seeding agent contains 0.5% of titanium oxide, 0.08% of cobalt oxide, 0.02% of neodymium oxide and 1.1% of erbium oxide, and the inhibitor contains 1% of yttrium oxide and 2.3% of magnesium oxide.
As a further optimization of the above scheme, the inorganic acid in the second step is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid. Nitric acid is preferred.
Has the advantages that:
the invention adopts wet special alumina as the raw material, avoids the generation of dust in the preparation process of the colloid, reduces the addition amount of the sub-ionized water, and effectively reduces the environmental pollution and the production cost. The colloid thickness has evenly promoted the efficiency of drying and stoving in drying process, has reduced the consumption of heat energy. The rotary furnace is adopted for calcination in the calcination process, and the explosive sintering process is more beneficial to the volatilization of impurities and the falling of attachments, so that the sintering time is greatly shortened, the growth of nano ceramic grinding material crystals is more beneficial, the prepared nano ceramic grinding material has higher density, the crystal size is within 1 mu m, more crystals are provided under the condition of particles with the same size, and the self-sharpening property is better and more durable.
Detailed Description
The invention adopts a special alumina wet material as a raw material, and the proportion of the alumina wet material to deionized water is 1: 1-4, and because the raw materials adopt wet materials, no dust is generated in the adding process, and the adding amount of water is reduced. Adding yttrium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, erbium oxide and neodymium oxide as seeding agent and inhibitor into the uniformly mixed suspension, and adding acid (inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, preferably nitric acid) to adjust the pH to 2-4 to form special alumina gel. Spreading the prepared alumina gel on a belt of a drying device uniformly, wherein the thickness of the spread cloth is 2-5cm, so that the gel can be dried and crushed at a later stage. And conveying the dried colloid to drying equipment through a belt, flatly spreading the dried colloid on the drying belt of the drying equipment through a distribution device, and drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 80-140 ℃ to obtain the dried and crisp colloid. Crushing and screening the dry colloid, and then putting the required section into a medium-temperature calcining rotary furnace for calcining at the temperature of 600 ℃ for 30 minutes; the material after being burnt at the medium temperature is put into a high-temperature rotary furnace to be burnt at the temperature of 1400 ℃ and 1500 ℃ for 20-40 minutes. And finely screening the sintered particles, and separating into nano ceramic grinding materials with corresponding particle sizes.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-density nano ceramic grinding material comprises the following steps:
firstly, weighing the following components in a weight ratio of 1: 1, dispersing and mixing the special alumina and deionized water in a vacuum furnace, adding a seeding agent (0.5 percent of titanium oxide, 0.08 percent of cobalt oxide, 0.02 percent of neodymium oxide and 1.1 percent of erbium oxide) and an inhibitor (1 percent of yttrium oxide and 2.3 percent of magnesium oxide) which are 5 percent of the weight of the special alumina after the special alumina and the deionized water are completely dispersed uniformly, continuously and uniformly mixing, adding nitric acid with the concentration of 30-60 percent into the uniformly mixed suspension, and adjusting the pH value to be 2-4 to ensure that the suspension completely forms a uniform and bright colloid.
And step two, uniformly spreading the colloid prepared in the step one in a flat drier for drying for 72 hours.
And thirdly, spreading the dried colloid prepared in the second step on a drying belt, and drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃.
Fourthly, crushing the dried colloid to the required granularity;
fifthly, sintering the crushed colloidal particles at 600 ℃ for 30 minutes, then sintering at 1450 ℃ for 30 minutes, and screening to obtain the nano ceramic grinding materials with different particle sizes.
Example 2
A preparation method of a high-density nano ceramic grinding material comprises the following steps:
firstly, weighing the following components in a weight ratio of 1: 2, dispersing and mixing the special alumina and deionized water in a vacuum furnace, adding a seeding agent (0.5 percent of titanium oxide, 0.08 percent of cobalt oxide, 0.02 percent of neodymium oxide and 1.1 percent of erbium oxide) and an inhibitor (1 percent of yttrium oxide and 2.3 percent of magnesium oxide) which are 5 percent of the weight of the special alumina after the special alumina and the deionized water are completely dispersed uniformly, continuously and uniformly mixing, adding nitric acid with the concentration of 30-60 percent into the uniformly mixed suspension, and adjusting the pH value to be 2-4 to ensure that the suspension completely forms a uniform and bright colloid.
And step two, uniformly spreading the colloid prepared in the step one in a flat drier for drying for 72 hours.
And thirdly, spreading the dried colloid prepared in the second step on a drying belt, and drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃.
Fourthly, crushing the dried colloid to the required granularity;
fifthly, sintering the crushed colloidal particles at 600 ℃ for 30 minutes, then sintering at 1450 ℃ for 30 minutes, and screening to obtain the nano ceramic grinding materials with different particle sizes.
Example 3
A preparation method of a high-density nano ceramic grinding material comprises the following steps:
firstly, weighing the following components in a weight ratio of 1: 3, dispersing and mixing the special alumina and deionized water in a vacuum furnace, adding a seeding agent (0.5 percent of titanium oxide, 0.08 percent of cobalt oxide, 0.02 percent of neodymium oxide and 1.1 percent of erbium oxide) and an inhibitor (1 percent of yttrium oxide and 2.3 percent of magnesium oxide) which are 5 percent of the weight of the special alumina after the special alumina and the deionized water are completely dispersed uniformly, continuously and uniformly mixing, adding nitric acid with the concentration of 30-60 percent into the uniformly mixed suspension, and adjusting the pH value to be 2-4 to ensure that the suspension completely forms a uniform and transparent colloid.
And step two, uniformly spreading the colloid prepared in the step one in a flat drier for drying for 96 hours.
And thirdly, spreading the dried colloid prepared in the second step on a drying belt, and drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃.
Fourthly, crushing the dried colloid to the required granularity;
fifthly, sintering the crushed colloidal particles at 600 ℃ for 30 minutes, then sintering at 1450 ℃ for 30 minutes, and screening to obtain the nano ceramic grinding materials with different particle sizes.
Example 4
A preparation method of a high-density nano ceramic grinding material comprises the following steps:
firstly, weighing the following components in a weight ratio of 1: 4, dispersing and mixing the special alumina and deionized water in a vacuum furnace, adding a seeding agent (0.5 percent of titanium oxide, 0.08 percent of cobalt oxide, 0.02 percent of neodymium oxide and 1.1 percent of erbium oxide) and an inhibitor (1 percent of yttrium oxide and 2.3 percent of magnesium oxide) which are 5 percent of the weight of the special alumina after the special alumina and the deionized water are completely dispersed uniformly, continuously and uniformly mixing, adding nitric acid with the concentration of 30-60 percent into the uniformly mixed suspension, and adjusting the pH value to be 2-4 to ensure that the suspension completely forms a uniform and bright colloid.
And step two, uniformly spreading the colloid prepared in the step one in a flat drier for drying for 96 hours.
And thirdly, spreading the dried colloid prepared in the second step on a drying belt, and drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃.
Fourthly, crushing the dried colloid to the required granularity;
fifthly, sintering the crushed colloidal particles at 600 ℃ for 30 minutes, then sintering at 1450 ℃ for 30 minutes, and screening to obtain the nano ceramic grinding materials with different particle sizes.
Example 5
The same as in example 1, except that: the high temperature sintering is carried out at 1450 ℃ for 40 minutes.
Example 6
The same as in example 1, except that: the high temperature sintering is carried out at 1450 ℃ for 20 minutes.
Example 7
The same as in example 1, except that: the high temperature sintering is carried out at 1400 ℃ for 20 minutes.
Example 8
The same as in example 1, except that: the high temperature sintering is carried out at 1400 ℃ for 30 minutes.
Example 9
The same as in example 1, except that: the high temperature sintering is carried out at 1400 ℃ for 40 minutes.
Example 10
The same as in example 1, except that: the high-temperature sintering is carried out at 1500 ℃ for 20 minutes.
Example 11
The same as in example 1, except that: the high-temperature sintering is carried out at 1500 ℃ for 30 minutes.
Example 12
The same as in example 1, except that: the high-temperature sintering is carried out at 1500 ℃ for 40 minutes.
The results are as follows:
the nano ceramic abrasive materials obtained in examples 1 to 4 had a true density of 3.92g/cm3The crystal size is 300-600 nm; however, the gel obtained in example 1 was hard and not easily flattened, and the gels of examples 3 and 4 were too soft and had high moisture content and long drying time, and example 2 was more preferable.
The nano ceramic abrasive obtained in example 5 has a true density of 3.92g/cm3The crystal size is 400-800 nm.
The nano ceramic abrasive obtained in example 6 has a true density of 3.92g/cm3The crystal size is 300-500 nm.
The nano ceramic abrasive obtained in example 7 had a true density of 3.90g/cm3The crystal size is 300-500 nm.
The nano ceramic abrasive obtained in example 8 had a true density of 3.90g/cm3The crystal size is 300-500 nm.
The nano ceramic abrasive obtained in example 9 had a true density of 3.90g/cm3The crystal size is 400-600 nm.
The nano ceramic abrasive obtained in example 10 had a true density of 3.95g/cm3The crystal size is 300-600 nm.
Example 11A nano-ceramic abrasiveDensity 3.95g/cm3The crystal size is 500-700 nm.
The nano ceramic abrasive obtained in example 12 had a true density of 3.95g/cm3The crystal size is 600-900 nm.
The nano ceramic grinding material prepared by the invention has the true density of 3.90g/cm3Above, the impurities are fully volatilized; the crystal size is within 1 μm, making it more crystalline, more self-sharpening and more durable in the case of particles of the same size.
In addition, the invention adopts the special alumina which is relatively low in price and is a wet product as a raw material, thereby reducing the cost of the raw material and simultaneously avoiding the generation of dust in the feeding process; and a plurality of seeding agents and inhibitors are used, so that the glue making process is simplified, the product quality is easier to control in the calcining process, the calcining time is greatly shortened, and the energy consumption is reduced.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. A preparation method of a high-density nano ceramic grinding material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
taking a special alumina wet material as a raw material, wherein the mass of the special alumina wet material and deionized water is 1: 1-4 to obtain suspension;
step two, adding a seeding agent and an inhibitor into the suspension obtained in the step one, uniformly mixing, and then adding inorganic acid to adjust the pH value to 2-4 to obtain alumina gel; the total addition of the seeding agent and the inhibitor is 5 percent of the weight of the special alumina wet material;
step three, uniformly spreading the alumina gel obtained in the step two on a drying equipment belt for drying, wherein the thickness of the spread cloth is 2-5 cm; conveying the dried colloid to drying equipment through a belt, and drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 80-140 ℃ to obtain dry colloid;
step four, crushing and screening the dry colloid obtained in the step three, and putting the required section into a medium-temperature calcining rotary furnace for calcining at the calcining temperature of 600 ℃ for 30 minutes to obtain a medium-temperature calcined material; and (3) putting the medium-temperature calcined material into a high-temperature rotary furnace for calcination at the temperature of 1400 ℃ and 1500 ℃ for 20-40 minutes, and finely screening the high-temperature calcined particles to obtain the nano ceramic grinding materials with different particle sizes.
2. The method for preparing a high-density nano-ceramic abrasive material according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the seeding agent comprises 0.5% of titanium oxide, 0.08% of cobalt oxide, 0.02% of neodymium oxide and 1.1% of erbium oxide, and the inhibitor comprises 1% of yttrium oxide and 2.3% of magnesium oxide.
3. The method for preparing a high-density nano-ceramic abrasive material according to claim 1, wherein: and the inorganic acid in the second step is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid.
4. The method for preparing a high-density nano-ceramic abrasive material according to claim 4, wherein: the inorganic acid is nitric acid with the concentration of 30-60%.
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US5431704A (en) * 1992-10-23 1995-07-11 Japan Abrasive Co., Ltd. Ceramic abrasive grains, method of producing the same and abrasive products made of the same
CN1180344A (en) * 1995-04-05 1998-04-29 圣戈本/诺顿工业陶瓷股份有限公司 Method for firing sol-gel alumina particles
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CN105036712A (en) * 2015-05-29 2015-11-11 贵州格勒尔高新材料有限公司 Preparation method of microcrystalline corundum abrasive material
CN106007685A (en) * 2016-05-12 2016-10-12 青岛四砂泰益超硬研磨股份有限公司 Zirconium containing alpha-alumina-based grinding material with submicron grain structure and preparation method
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