CN112937849A - Vertical take-off and landing aircraft with combined layout of tilting type propeller and fixed propeller - Google Patents
Vertical take-off and landing aircraft with combined layout of tilting type propeller and fixed propeller Download PDFInfo
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- CN112937849A CN112937849A CN202110274560.6A CN202110274560A CN112937849A CN 112937849 A CN112937849 A CN 112937849A CN 202110274560 A CN202110274560 A CN 202110274560A CN 112937849 A CN112937849 A CN 112937849A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/22—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
- B64C27/28—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft with forward-propulsion propellers pivotable to act as lifting rotors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
- B64C1/06—Frames; Stringers; Longerons ; Fuselage sections
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aircrafts, in particular to a vertical take-off and landing aircraft with a combined layout of tilting type propellers and fixed type propellers, which comprises a fuselage, wherein wings and empennages are arranged on the fuselage, and a plurality of strut power assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the wings; the strut power assembly comprises a strut which is fixedly arranged on the wing in a direction parallel to the length direction of the fuselage, the front end of the strut is provided with a tilting propeller, and the rear end of the strut is provided with a fixed lift propeller; the tilt propeller is switched between two positions of a horizontal forward position and a vertical lift position. According to the invention, through the combination of the tilting propeller and the fixed lifting propeller on the stay bar power assembly, the vertical take-off and landing, the flat flight and other actions of the aircraft can be realized, the space required by the take-off of the aircraft can be reduced, and the overall resistance in the flat flight process is also reduced. The aircraft structure provided by the invention improves the control stability and flight performance of the aircraft and improves the use flexibility of the aircraft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aircrafts, in particular to a vertical take-off and landing aircraft with a combined layout of tilting type propellers and fixed type propellers.
Background
The existing aircraft is to realize vertical lifting, which is generally realized by providing a plurality of vertical lifting rotors, so that the aircraft can vertically lift or descend in the rotating process of the rotors. If the aircraft needs to advance to fly, the aircraft inclines through the attitude, so that the lift force component provides advancing power, similar to the principle of a helicopter; or a special forward power device is also needed to realize horizontal flight. The first plane flight propulsion mode only provides lift force and thrust by a vertical propeller, and the efficiency is low; the second flat flying mode needs to arrange power devices such as lifting propellers and propelling propellers on the aircraft respectively, so that the self weight of the aircraft is increased, the resistance of the aircraft in the flying process is improved due to the influence of a plurality of external structures, and the energy consumption of the aircraft in the flying process is increased. The tilting rotor technology can better meet different power requirements of two stages of vertical take-off and horizontal cruise, but for tilting of large-size rotors, the tilting power of two rotors similar to that adopted by American 'osprey' aircraft is difficult to control, and the safety is low. And adopt the rotor of smaller size, need more quantity, and need be at the front and back symmetric distribution rotor of focus, can reduce the control degree of difficulty of the stage of hanging down. However, the installation layout of multiple rotors has a large limitation, and especially the tilting of the tail rotor is more difficult to arrange.
Therefore, the overall design of the existing vertical take-off and landing aircraft is not perfect, in the specific application process, the layout form of the aircraft per se can cause great forward resistance, the propulsion efficiency is extremely low, and in order to improve the flight efficiency and the flight performance of the aircraft, the overall layout of the aircraft needs to be optimized and improved, so a more reasonable technical scheme needs to be provided, and the defects in the prior art are overcome.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art mentioned in the above, the invention discloses a vertical take-off and landing aircraft with a combined layout of tilting type and fixed type propellers, aiming at optimizing the power layout of the aircraft, so that the aircraft can be more stable and flexible in the vertical take-off and landing process, the resistance in the forward process is smaller, the flight performance of the aircraft is improved, and the use convenience is increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention specifically adopts the technical scheme that:
a vertical take-off and landing aircraft with a combined layout of tilting type and fixed type propellers comprises an aircraft body, wherein wings and empennages are arranged on the aircraft body, and a plurality of stay bar power assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the wings; the strut power assembly comprises a strut fixedly arranged on the wing in parallel to the length direction of the fuselage, the front end of the strut is provided with a tilting propeller, and the rear end of the strut is provided with a fixed lift propeller; the tilting propeller is switched between a horizontal advancing position and a vertical lifting position.
The vertical take-off and landing aircraft disclosed above provides take-off and landing power and advancing power by arranging the stay rod power assembly. The tilting propeller at the front end of the stay bar can provide upward lift force when being switched to a vertical lifting position, and the tilting propeller and the fixed lift propeller at the rear end of the stay bar jointly provide lift force for the aircraft body to realize vertical takeoff or landing; after taking off, when the power for advancing needs to be provided, the tilting propeller is gradually switched to the horizontal advancing position, the component force in the advancing direction is continuously increased, meanwhile, the wings generate a certain lift force to keep the lift force requirement of the airplane body, finally, the airplane reaches a flat flying state, and at the moment, the tilting propeller is switched to the horizontal advancing position.
Further, the strut power assembly adopted in the invention is a power source of the aircraft, and in order to ensure the power output of the aircraft, the following feasible options are optimized and listed: the number of the stay bar power assemblies is at least 4. When the scheme is adopted, the stay bar power assemblies are symmetrically distributed on the wings on two sides of the machine body, namely two sets of stay bar power assemblies are respectively distributed on the wings on two sides.
Further, when the tilting propeller is located at a vertical lifting position, the paddle of the tilting propeller rotates horizontally, the paddle of the tilting propeller is in a dangerous area within a certain range around the tilting propeller, and in order to improve the safety of the aircraft on the ground, the arrangement structure of the tilting propeller is optimized, and one feasible option is given out: when the tilt rotor is switched to the vertical lift position, the blades of the tilt rotor are located above the wing. When adopting such scheme, the paddle horizontal rotation of the screw that verts highly generally is higher than personnel's height, and personnel and the safe distance between the paddle is bigger when going up the lower aircraft, more is favorable to guaranteeing safety.
Further, the wing disclosed in the present invention may take a variety of configurations, not the only ones, and is optimized and presented as one of the possible options: the wings are fixed upper single wings.
Further, the structure of the wing is refined and improved, and the following feasible scheme can be adopted: and an aileron is arranged on the outer control surface of the wing. When adopting such scheme, can improve the flight of aircraft and control stability.
Still further, the structure of the wing can be further refined, and the following feasible scheme can be adopted: and a flap is arranged on the wing from the aileron to the position close to the fuselage. When the scheme is adopted, the low-speed performance of the aircraft can be further improved, and the conversion time of vertical flight and horizontal flight is shortened.
Further, the tail fin employed in the present invention may be of various configurations for assisting flight control of an aircraft, where optimization is made and one of the possible options is: the tail comprises a horizontal tail and a vertical tail. When the scheme is adopted, the empennage of the aircraft can be provided with the rudder and the elevator to control the flight course, the longitudinal direction and the like of the aircraft.
Further, the tail fin adopted in the invention can be a feasible structure as follows: the tail comprises a V-shaped tail.
Still further, to facilitate the docking of the aircraft, the structure of the fuselage is optimized, to name one of the following possible options: the lower part of the machine body is provided with a wheel type undercarriage.
According to the scheme disclosed by the invention, when the aircraft takes off, the aircraft can be lifted through the combined action of the tilting propeller and the fixed lifting propeller. In the process of switching from the lifting state to the flat flying state, the tilting propeller is gradually switched from the vertical lifting position to the horizontal advancing position, and the fixed lift propeller stops running after entering the flat flying state; because only a part of the fixed lift propellers are arranged, the resistance caused by the fixed lift propellers is small, the horizontal flight of the aircraft cannot be greatly influenced, the fixed lift propellers can be locked in the downwind direction in the horizontal flight process, and the horizontal flight resistance is further reduced. In the landing stage, the angle of the tilting propeller can be gradually switched, and the tilting propeller is switched from a horizontal advancing position to a vertical lifting position, so that vertical landing is finally realized; when the energy required by vertical landing is not enough, the tilting propeller is not switched to the vertical lifting position, and the landing is realized by a short-distance sliding mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through the combination of the tilting propeller and the fixed lift propeller on the strut power assembly, the vertical take-off and landing, horizontal flight and other actions of the aircraft can be realized, so that not only can the space required by the take-off of the aircraft be greatly reduced, but also the overall resistance in the horizontal flight process is reduced. The vertical lift propellers at the front part and the tail part act together during vertical takeoff, so that the takeoff thrust requirement is met, the control balance problem in the takeoff and landing stage is solved, and the safety in the takeoff and landing stage is improved. When the cruise is carried out in a level flight mode, a plurality of sets of horizontal propelling devices are arranged, the thrust-weight ratio is high, the flying speed is high, power redundancy is achieved, and the system safety is further improved. And modular design's vaulting pole power is built, simple structure, can conveniently exchange, further reduce the cost of aircraft. The aircraft structure provided by the invention greatly improves the control capability and flight performance of the aircraft, and improves the safety and use flexibility of the aircraft.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of the aircraft in a flat flight state (in which the downtilt propellers are in a horizontal forward position).
Fig. 2 is an overall schematic view of the vertical lift position of the aircraft (in which the downtilt propellers are in a vertical lift position).
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an aircraft adopting a V-shaped empennage.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating state switching of the strut power assembly.
In the above drawings, the meanings of the respective symbols are: 1. a vertical tail; 2. a horizontal rear wing; 3. a stationary lift propeller; 4. a stay bar; 5. a tilt propeller; 6. a wheeled landing gear; 7. a body; 8. an airfoil.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely illustrative of example embodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many alternate forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Examples
The problem that the aircraft for the existing vertical take-off and landing has low control reliability and large flat flight resistance is solved. The method comprises the following specific steps:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the embodiment discloses a vertical take-off and landing aircraft with a combined layout of tilting type and fixed propellers, which includes a fuselage 7, wherein a wing 8 and an empennage are arranged on the fuselage 7, and a plurality of strut power assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the wing 8; the strut power assembly comprises a strut 4 fixedly arranged on the wing 8 in parallel to the length direction of the fuselage 7, a tilt propeller 5 is arranged at the front end of the strut 4, and a fixed lift propeller 3 is arranged at the rear end of the strut 4; the tilting propeller 5 is switched between a horizontal advancing position and a vertical lifting position.
The vertical take-off and landing aircraft disclosed above provides take-off and landing power and advancing power by arranging the stay rod power assembly. As shown in fig. 4, the tilt propeller 5 at the front end of the stay bar 4 can provide upward lift when being switched to the vertical lifting position, and together with the fixed lift propeller 3 at the rear end of the stay bar 4, the tilt propeller provides lift for the fuselage 7 to realize vertical take-off or landing; after taking off, when the power for advancing needs to be provided, the tilting propeller 5 is gradually switched to the horizontal advancing position, the component force in the advancing direction is continuously increased, meanwhile, the wing 8 generates a certain lift force to keep the lift force requirement of the airplane body 7, finally, the airplane reaches a flat flying state, and at the moment, the tilting propeller 5 is switched to the horizontal advancing position.
The strut power assembly used in this embodiment is a power source of the aircraft, and in order to ensure the power output of the aircraft, the following feasible options are optimized and listed here: the number of the stay bar power assemblies is at least four. When the scheme is adopted, the stay bar power assemblies are symmetrically distributed on the wings 8 at two sides of the fuselage 7, namely two sets of stay bar power assemblies are respectively distributed on the wings 8 at two sides.
When the screw 5 that verts is located the vertical lift position, its paddle horizontal rotation belongs to the danger area around the certain extent, in order to improve the safety about aircraft personnel, optimizes the structure that sets up of the screw 5 that verts, adopts one of them feasible selection here: when the tilt propeller 5 is switched to the vertical lift position, the blades of the tilt propeller 5 are located above the wing 8. When adopting such scheme, the paddle horizontal rotation of screw 5 that verts highly generally is higher than personnel's height, personnel and the safe distance between the paddle when going up the lower aircraft bigger, more is favorable to guaranteeing safety.
The wing 8 disclosed in this embodiment can take a variety of configurations, not the only one, and is optimized here and taken as one of the possible options: the wing 8 is a fixed upper single wing.
Preferably, the structure of the wing 8 is refined, and the following feasible scheme is adopted in the embodiment: and ailerons are arranged on the outer control surface of the wing 8. When adopting such scheme, can improve the flight of aircraft and control stability.
The structure of the wing 8 can be further refined, and the embodiment adopts one feasible scheme as follows: a flap is also provided on the wing 8 from the aileron close to the fuselage 7. When adopting such scheme, can further improve the control stability of aircraft.
The tail wing used in this embodiment may be of various configurations for assisting flight control of the aircraft, where optimization is performed and one of the possible options is: the tail comprises a horizontal tail 2 and a vertical tail 1. When the scheme is adopted, the empennage of the aircraft can be provided with the rudder and the elevator to control the flight course and the like of the aircraft.
Preferably, the structure of the fuselage 7 is optimized for facilitating the docking of the aircraft, to name one of the following possible options: the lower part of the fuselage 7 is provided with a wheel type undercarriage 6.
According to the scheme disclosed by the embodiment, the aircraft can be lifted by the combined action of the tilting propeller 5 and the fixed lifting propeller 3 during takeoff. In the process of switching from the lifting state to the flat flying state, the tilting propeller 5 is gradually switched from the vertical lifting position to the horizontal advancing position, and the fixed lift propeller 3 stops running after entering the flat flying state; because only a part of the fixed lift propellers are arranged, the resistance caused by the fixed lift propellers is small, the horizontal flight of the aircraft cannot be greatly influenced, the fixed lift propellers can be locked in the downwind direction in the horizontal flight process, and the horizontal flight resistance is further reduced. In the landing stage, the angle of the tilting propeller 5 can be gradually switched, and the tilting propeller is switched from a horizontal advancing position to a vertical lifting position, so that vertical landing is finally realized; when the energy required by vertical landing is not enough, the tilting propeller 5 can be switched to a vertical lifting position, and the landing is realized by a short-path sliding mode.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a VTOL aircraft of tilting and fixed screw combination overall arrangement, and the scheme difference that discloses in embodiment 1 lies in:
as shown in fig. 3, the tail fin used in the present embodiment is one possible structure: the tail comprises a V-shaped tail.
The remaining features of this embodiment that are not described are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described again here.
The above embodiments are just exemplified in the present embodiment, but the present embodiment is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other various embodiments by arbitrarily combining with each other according to the above embodiments, and any other various embodiments can be obtained by anyone in light of the present embodiment. The above detailed description should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present embodiments, which should be defined in the claims, and the description should be used for interpreting the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a VTOL aircraft of formula of verting and fixed screw integrated configuration which characterized in that: the airplane comprises an airplane body (7), wherein wings (8) and an empennage are arranged on the airplane body (7), and a plurality of strut power components are symmetrically arranged on the wings (8); the strut power assembly comprises a strut (4) which is fixedly arranged on the wing (8) in parallel to the length direction of the fuselage (7), the front end of the strut (4) is provided with a tilting propeller (5), and the rear end of the strut (4) is provided with a fixed lift propeller (3); the tilting propeller (5) is switched between a horizontal advancing position and a vertical lifting position; the empennage comprises a horizontal empennage (2) and a vertical empennage (1).
2. The vtol aerial vehicle of claim 1 having a combined tilt and fixed propeller arrangement, wherein: the number of the stay bar power assemblies is at least four.
3. The vtol aerial vehicle of claim 1 having a combined tilt and fixed propeller arrangement, wherein: when the tilt propeller (5) is switched to the vertical lift position, the blades of the tilt propeller (5) are located above the wing (8).
4. The vtol aerial vehicle of claim 1 having a combined tilt and fixed propeller arrangement, wherein: the wings (8) are fixed upper single wings.
5. The VTOL aerial vehicle of claim 1, 3 or 4, wherein: and ailerons are arranged on the outer control surface of the wing (8).
6. The VTOL aerial vehicle of claim 5, wherein: a flap is arranged on the wing (8) from the position of the aileron close to the fuselage (7).
7. The vtol aerial vehicle of claim 1 having a combined tilt and fixed propeller arrangement, wherein: the tail comprises a V-shaped tail.
8. The vtol aerial vehicle of claim 1 having a combined tilt and fixed propeller arrangement, wherein: the lower part of the machine body (7) is provided with a wheel type undercarriage (6).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110248578 | 2021-03-08 | ||
| CN2021102485789 | 2021-03-08 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112937849A true CN112937849A (en) | 2021-06-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202110274560.6A Pending CN112937849A (en) | 2021-03-08 | 2021-03-15 | Vertical take-off and landing aircraft with combined layout of tilting type propeller and fixed propeller |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114194385A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-18 | 中电科芜湖通用航空产业技术研究院有限公司 | Aircraft and control method thereof |
| CN114852327A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-05 | 成都沃飞天驭科技有限公司 | Vertical take-off and landing aircraft and control method thereof |
| CN116080900A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-05-09 | 成都沃飞天驭科技有限公司 | Vertical take-off and landing aircraft and control method thereof |
| EP4209414A1 (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2023-07-12 | Zuri.com SE | Vertical takeoff and landing aircraft |
| WO2023197568A1 (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-10-19 | 成都沃飞天驭科技有限公司 | Aircraft realizing vertical take-off and landing, and control method for aircraft realizing vertical take-off and landing |
| CN116968919A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-10-31 | 上海柘飞航空科技有限公司 | Vertical take-off and landing aircraft with tilting power system and control method thereof |
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2021
- 2021-03-15 CN CN202110274560.6A patent/CN112937849A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114194385A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-18 | 中电科芜湖通用航空产业技术研究院有限公司 | Aircraft and control method thereof |
| EP4209414A1 (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2023-07-12 | Zuri.com SE | Vertical takeoff and landing aircraft |
| CN114852327A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-05 | 成都沃飞天驭科技有限公司 | Vertical take-off and landing aircraft and control method thereof |
| WO2023197568A1 (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-10-19 | 成都沃飞天驭科技有限公司 | Aircraft realizing vertical take-off and landing, and control method for aircraft realizing vertical take-off and landing |
| WO2023197567A1 (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-10-19 | 成都沃飞天驭科技有限公司 | Aircraft realizing vertical take-off and landing, and method for controlling aircraft realizing vertical take-off and landing |
| CN114852327B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2024-02-13 | 成都沃飞天驭科技有限公司 | Vertical take-off and landing aircraft and control method thereof |
| CN116080900A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-05-09 | 成都沃飞天驭科技有限公司 | Vertical take-off and landing aircraft and control method thereof |
| CN116968919A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-10-31 | 上海柘飞航空科技有限公司 | Vertical take-off and landing aircraft with tilting power system and control method thereof |
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