CN112931370A - Pond culture tail water treatment system - Google Patents
Pond culture tail water treatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931370A CN112931370A CN202110121505.3A CN202110121505A CN112931370A CN 112931370 A CN112931370 A CN 112931370A CN 202110121505 A CN202110121505 A CN 202110121505A CN 112931370 A CN112931370 A CN 112931370A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a pond culture tail water treatment system, which comprises a water collecting tank, a comprehensive sedimentation tank, a shoal and a clean water tank, wherein filter-feeding fishes (such as silver carps, bighead carps and the like) are raised in the water collecting tank to utilize natural baits in the filter-feeding fishes, so that the culture tail water can be preliminarily purified, the economic benefit can be generated, and meanwhile, the flow can be adjusted; aquatic plants are planted on the water surface of the comprehensive sedimentation tank in a floating bed mode and the like to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus in the water and promote sedimentation of suspended matters; the shoal is provided with a water drop area and a stepped shallow water pool, and can be aerated naturally; the bottom of the water collecting tank, the comprehensive sedimentation tank and the clean water tank is provided with a bottom sewage discharge facility, so that sediments in the water collecting tank, the comprehensive sedimentation tank and the clean water tank can be discharged in time, and siltation is avoided. The pond culture tail water treatment system has low construction and operation cost, can effectively remove pollutants such as suspended matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and the like in the culture tail water, and the treated culture tail water can be pumped back to the pond by a water pump for reuse or can be discharged after reaching the standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a pond culture tail water treatment system.
Background
China is a big country for aquaculture, and pond culture is a main production mode for aquaculture at the present stage of China. The accumulation of residual baits and feces produced during the cultivation process can cause the deterioration of the water quality of the pond and induce various diseases of aquatic animals. Meanwhile, the direct discharge of the culture tail water may pollute the surrounding environment and cause harm to human health. Some modes are applied to treatment of pond culture tail water at present, and the representative modes include artificial wetlands, three ponds, two dams and the like, but the modes are not mature. The artificial wetland occupies a large area, the operation parameters are fuzzy, and the siltation and saturation phenomena are easy to generate; the mode of the three-pond two-dam mode is that the culture tail water enters the sedimentation tank through an ecological ditch or a pipeline, then enters the aeration tank through the first filtering dam, and enters the biological purification tank through the second filtering dam, so that the culture tail water is purified, and the problems also exist, (1) the mode has no flow regulating tank and is poor in water flow impact resistance, and when a large amount of water needs to be drained for fishing, pond cleaning or other reasons, the flow of the culture tail water is suddenly increased, so that the load of a system is easily exceeded; (2) a sewage discharge system is not arranged in the sedimentation tank, particles such as residual bait, excrement and the like are directly fermented at the bottom, the load of the system is increased, dredging is troublesome, a water distribution device and a water outlet weir are not arranged in the sedimentation tank, culture tail water directly enters and exits from a water inlet and a water outlet, and the water flow is unevenly distributed in the sedimentation tank and disturbed, so that the sedimentation effect is influenced; (3) the construction and operation cost of the aeration tank is high, and the dredging is also troublesome; (4) the filter dam is high in construction cost and easy to block.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a "three-pond one-beach" pond culture tail water treatment system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a pond culture tail water treatment system comprising:
the water collecting tank is used for collecting the culture tail water discharged from the bottom of the culture pond through a culture tail water input pipeline and is used for raising filter-feeding fishes such as silver carps, bighead carps and the like, and the water collecting tank is not used for feeding and fertilizing; because the aquaculture tail water discharged from the bottom of the aquaculture pond contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matters, phytoplankton, zooplankton and other beneficial substances, the nitrogen and the phosphorus can promote the growth of the phytoplankton, and the phytoplankton can be ingested by the zooplankton, the natural baits in the water collecting pond are rich, filter-feeding fishes can eat the natural baits, the aquaculture effect is achieved, the water body can be purified, and the fish aquaculture quantity can be determined according to the specific condition of the discharged tail water; in addition, the flow rate of the water collecting tank can be adjusted, for example, when the pond needs a large amount of water drainage, the downward drainage flow rate with a certain proportion can be increased in advance to increase the receiving capacity of the pond on the culture tail water, so that the effect of reducing 'flood peak' is achieved;
the comprehensive sedimentation tank integrates sedimentation and purification, receives the culture tail water which is primarily purified by the water collecting tank and is discharged from the bottom of the water collecting tank, and the water surface is provided with a floating bed for planting aquatic plants to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus in the water and promote the decomposition of organic matters and the sedimentation of suspended matters; the sediment is periodically discharged in a bottom pollution discharge mode, the pollution discharge period is 1-5 days, and the pollution discharge time is 2-5 minutes each time, so that the accumulation and fermentation of pollutants at the bottom are avoided, and the load of a system is reduced;
the side of the comprehensive sedimentation tank connected with the water collecting tank is a water inlet area, the water inlet area is provided with a water distribution pipe, the upper part of the side opposite to the water inlet area is a water outlet area, and the water quality of the water outlet area at the upper part is improved because particles and sludge are deposited at the bottom and aquatic plants absorb nitrogen and phosphorus in the water;
in the shoal, the culture tail water with reduced dissolved oxygen content after treatment in the comprehensive sedimentation tank is aerated and oxygenated, so that nitrogen and phosphorus in the water are further removed, suspended substances and the like are precipitated, and a landscape is formed; the tail water discharged from the comprehensive sedimentation tank falls into the stepped shallow water tank through the water falling area, and aeration and oxygenation are realized in the falling process; and aquatic plants such as emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants and floating-leaf plants, specifically reed, cymbidium, caulis Zizaniae Caduciflorae, herba Oenanthes Javanicae, rhizoma Iridis, rhizoma Acori Calami, Auricularia, potamogetes, herba Sonchi Oleracei, herba Swertiae Dilutae, Foliumet Asiatica or other aquatic plants are planted or naturally grown in the stepped shallow pool.
Since oxygen in water comes from two aspects: the plants in water absorb carbon dioxide and nutrient salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like and release oxygen due to photosynthesis formed by irradiation of sunlight; and secondly, the oxygen in the atmosphere is supplemented by the atmosphere, the oxygen permeates into the water through the surface of the water under the air pressure and then permeates into the deep part of the water through the movement of water molecules, and the oxygen in the atmosphere can be accelerated to be dissolved into the water through aeration. Because the illumination intensity in water is rapidly attenuated along with the increase of the water depth, the photosynthesis of the plants in the water is usually only carried out in the upper layer or shallow water region of the water, namely, the water layer is shallow, and the increase of the oxygen content in the water is facilitated; therefore, the shoal is arranged and aquatic plants are planted, so that the oxygen increasing effect can be realized, and meanwhile, an aeration tank is omitted, so that the energy and the cost are saved;
the clean water tank is used for storing water, further removing nitrogen and phosphorus in the water by planting aquatic plants (such as emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants and floating-leaf plants), precipitating suspended substances and forming a landscape, and the water in the clean water tank is pumped back to the culture pond by a water pump for reuse or is directly discharged; the sediment is periodically discharged in a bottom pollution discharge mode; the sewage discharge period is 1-3 months and each time of sewage discharge time is 2-5 minutes;
in addition, the water levels of the collecting tank, the comprehensive sedimentation tank, the shoal and the clean water tank are sequentially lowered, so that the tail water automatically flows through the collecting tank, the comprehensive sedimentation tank, the shoal and the clean water tank in sequence.
Furthermore, one side of the comprehensive sedimentation tank close to the water collecting tank is provided with a horizontally arranged water distribution pipe, the distance between the water distribution pipe and the bottom of the comprehensive sedimentation tank is 0.3-0.6 m, the length of the water distribution pipe is matched with the width of the comprehensive sedimentation tank, the water distribution pipe is provided with a plurality of water distribution holes which are arranged side by side, the plurality of water distribution holes enable the flow to be uniformly distributed on the water inlet cross section, the water flow speed is reduced, the impact force and disturbance of the water flow are weakened, and sedimentation of suspended matters in water is facilitated.
Furthermore, a plurality of water outlet holes or water outlet gaps are arranged on the pond ridge on one side of the comprehensive sedimentation pond close to the shoal, the water outlet holes or the water outlet gaps are positioned on the water surface water level line, and fences are arranged in the position, 0m-0.3m away from the water outlet holes or the water outlet gaps, of the comprehensive sedimentation pond to block floating objects on the water surface of the comprehensive sedimentation pond. The water outlet holes or the water outlet gaps are arranged to slow down the water flow speed of the water outlet area, so that the phenomenon that the discharged water becomes turbid due to the fact that the water flows through the sediment at the bottom of the water outlet holes or the water outlet gaps and is sucked up suddenly is avoided. And a fence is arranged close to the water outlet hole or the water outlet gap and used for preventing the floating objects on the water surface of the comprehensive sedimentation tank from entering the next-stage water treatment unit.
Further, the comprehensive sedimentation tank is used for stocking hypoxia-resistant omnivorous fishes such as crucian carps and the like, and the breeding density is 2-8 kg/667m2On the left and right sides, insects, benthos and the like in water are utilized to avoid breeding mosquitoes.
Furthermore, the water falling area is provided with a plurality of bulges, and the bulges can collide with the bulges in the water falling process to scatter water flow and stir water splash, so that the aeration effect is enhanced; moreover, when the tail water passes through the water drop area, biological films naturally grow on the surfaces of the concave-convex objects, and the biological films have the effects of removing nitrogen and phosphorus in the water and promoting the decomposition of organic matters.
The biofilm is a film which is formed by that when sewage passes through the surface of a solid medium, microorganisms in the sewage proliferate on the surface of the medium under the condition of sufficient oxygen supply, the microorganisms adsorb organic matters in the sewage, the life activities of the organic matters are rapidly degraded, and viscous liquid-shaped microorganisms grow on the surface of the medium gradually. Biofilms are generally composed of bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, metazoa, and some macroscopic worms, larvae of insects, and the like. The biological membrane is of a fluffy flocculent structure, has a plurality of micropores and a large surface area and has strong adsorption capacity. The microorganisms on the biomembrane have strong purification capacity on organic matters and certain nitrification capacity on ammonia nitrogen in the sewage. The falling area is fully illuminated, and the biomembrane on the surface of the falling area mainly comprises bacteria and algae, and has stronger purification effect on nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters in water.
Furthermore, the depth of the stepped shallow water pool is 0.3m-1m, and omnivorous fishes utilizing natural baits in the stepped shallow water pool are bred.
Further, the depth of the clean water tank is gradually deepened from the periphery to the central zone to form a coastal zone and a deep water zone; the water depth of the coastal zone is 0.3m-1.5m, the coastal zone forms a gradient of 10% -60%, and the water depth of the deep water area is 3m-10 m;
aquatic plants are planted or naturally grow along the coastal zone, and the aquatic plants comprise one or more than two of emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants or floating-leaf plants;
the artificial island is arranged in the deep water area, the slope of the side slope of the artificial island is 15% -60%, the top surface of the artificial island is located 0.3-0.5 m below the water line, and aquatic plants such as emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants and floating-leaf plants grow or grow naturally in the shallow water area formed by the top surface and the periphery of the artificial island. The existence of the artificial island enables a shallow water area to be formed around the artificial island, the shallow water area is beneficial to increasing dissolved oxygen in water, and the planting of plants further increases the dissolved oxygen in water and absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus in water. In addition, the artificial island increases the diversity of the ecological system, is favorable for the stability of the ecological system and the continuous operation of the whole treatment system.
Furthermore, the bottom of the deep water area of the clean water tank is provided with 1 or more sewage outlets.
Furthermore, the bottom of the comprehensive sedimentation tank is provided with a 2-7% gradient, and the lowest part of the bottom of the comprehensive sedimentation tank is provided with a sewage outlet.
Further, the drain passes through the bottom intercommunication of sewage pipes and intubate well, and intubate well and sewage pipes's intercommunication mouth department inserts and is equipped with the intubate, and the top of intubate is higher than the surface of water of synthesizing sedimentation tank or clean water basin, the intubate well is still connected the sludge pit.
The top end of the insertion pipe is higher than the water surface of the comprehensive sedimentation tank or the clean water tank, so that the water in the tank cannot enter the insertion pipe well through the insertion pipe; when sewage drainage is needed, the insertion pipe is pulled out, and the pressure in the tank can press sludge into the insertion pipe well and discharge the sludge into a sludge pit; after the sludge is discharged, the intubation tube is inserted, and the pool water stops flowing into the intubation tube well. The sludge discharged into the sludge pit has high water content, can be subjected to solid-liquid separation after standing, is used as a fertilizer, and is watered or guided into a comprehensive sedimentation tank for recycling; the sewage in the sludge pit can also be directly used as fertilizer for watering vegetables.
Further, the bottom of the water collecting tank is provided with a 0.5-7% gradient, and the lowest part of the bottom of the water collecting tank is provided with a sewage draining outlet; the sewage outlet is communicated with the bottom of the pipe inserting well through a sewage discharge pipeline, an inserting pipe is inserted into the communication port of the pipe inserting well and the sewage discharge pipeline, and the top end of the inserting pipe and the water surface of the water collecting tank are on the same horizontal plane; the lower part of the pipe inserting well is communicated with the comprehensive sedimentation tank.
Because the top end of the insertion pipe is on the same horizontal plane with the water surface of the collecting tank, when tail water is discharged into the collecting tank, the liquid level of the collecting tank rises, and at the moment, the tail water flows into the insertion pipe well from the insertion pipe and then is discharged into the comprehensive sedimentation tank from the lower part of the insertion pipe well. Under the condition that no tail water is discharged into the collecting tank, no tail water flows into the comprehensive sedimentation tank from the collecting tank. When a large amount of water needs to be drained during fishing or pond cleaning, the insertion pipe can be pulled out, a large amount of water can be drained at the moment, and the insertion pipe is inserted after a certain drainage amount is reached.
Further, aquatic animals including filter-feeding fishes, omnivorous fishes or shrimps and crabs are raised in the clean water tank to utilize natural baits therein and purify water.
Compared with the prior art, the pond culture tail water treatment system has the following advantages:
the pond culture tail water treatment system provided by the invention adopts a 'three-pond one-beach' mode, filter-feeding fishes are raised in the water collecting pond and play a role in regulating flow, the filter-feeding fishes feed on zooplankton and phytoplankton in the tail water without additional feeding, so that a water area is fully utilized, a water body can be purified, the tail water can be properly discharged into the water collecting pond for water purification according to needs at ordinary times, and when a large amount of water needs to be discharged in a fishing mode or a pond clearing mode, the downward discharge flow of a certain proportion can be increased in advance to increase the receiving capacity of the tail water for culture, and the effect of reducing flood peaks is achieved. Tail water absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus in water by using the aquatic plants in the comprehensive sedimentation tank to promote decomposition of organic matters, meanwhile, root systems of the aquatic plants have adsorption effects on suspended matters in the water, the particles can break away from the root systems and sink after growing up continuously, and the particles such as sludge, residual bait, excrement and the like accumulated at the bottom of the tank are discharged periodically in a bottom pollution discharge mode, so that the fermentation at the bottom of the tank is avoided, and the load of a system is reduced; in addition, the water inlet area is provided with the water distribution pipe, so that the water flow speed is slowed down, the water flow is ensured to be uniformly distributed in the sedimentation tank as much as possible, the sedimentation effect is prevented from being influenced by the disturbance condition, and therefore suspended matters in water are reduced, the arrangement of the filtering dam is reduced under the dual guarantee of the plants and the water distribution pipe, and the cost is saved. The content of dissolved oxygen in water discharged from the comprehensive sedimentation tank is reduced, the water falls through the water drop area in the process of entering the shoal from the comprehensive sedimentation tank, aeration and oxygenation are realized in the falling process, in addition, the water in the shoal is also favorable for increasing the content of dissolved oxygen in the water through photosynthesis due to the shallow water layer, the shoal is arranged, the self structural characteristics are utilized, the oxygenation effect is realized, and meanwhile, the aeration tank is also saved, the energy is saved, and the cost is saved. The clear water pond mainly stores water, and simultaneously carries out further water purification through the plant of planting, and the mud of bottom of the pool adopts the mode of end blowdown to regularly discharge, has reduced the energy consumption and the labour cost of desilting. Can effectively realize breeding tail water treatment through this "three ponds one beach" system mode, avoid mud to pile up the trouble that causes system burden and desilting, can also practice thrift the cost.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a pond culture tail water treatment system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of an integrated settling tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-feeding tail water into a pipeline; 2-a water collecting tank; 3-a comprehensive sedimentation tank; 4-shoal; 5-a clean water tank; 6-a sewage draining outlet; 7-a pipe inserting well; 8-intubation; 9-water distribution pipe; 10-a fence; 11-sludge pit; 12-a water fall area; 13-stepped shallow water pool; 14-water distribution holes; 15-a sewage draining pipeline; 16-water outlet hole or water outlet gap.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
EXAMPLE 1 construction of Tail Water treatment System
The area of a fish pond in a fishing farm is about more than 80 mu, a sewage system at the bottom of the pond is built, and fences are arranged at the sewage outlet at the bottom to prevent cultured fishes from escaping. The pond with the lowest terrain of one selected port is reconstructed into the water collecting pond 2, the area of the water collecting pond 2 is about 4 mu, the water collecting pond occupies 5% of the total area of the pond, the depth of the inlet of the breeding tail water is about 2.5m, and the depth near the bottom sewage outlet is about 3 m.
The area of the comprehensive sedimentation tank 3 is about 1.6 mu, the area accounts for 2 percent of the total area of the pond, the comprehensive sedimentation tank is rectangular, the length-width ratio is about 2:1, the bottom of the comprehensive sedimentation tank is in a slope shape, the gradient is about 3 percent, the shallowest part is positioned at one side of the water inlet area, the depth is about 1.5m, the deepest part is positioned in the middle of one side close to the water outlet area, the distance between the deepest part and the pond ridge at the water outlet side is about 10m, the depth is about 2.7m, and the bottom sewage outlet of.
A water distribution pipe 9 is arranged on one side (width) of the comprehensive sedimentation tank 3 close to the water collecting tank 2, the water distribution pipe 9 is a phi 160PVC pipe, the total length is about 20m, the water distribution pipe is connected with a sewage discharge pipeline 15 in a T shape, and as shown in figure 2, the installation position is horizontally arranged at a position 0.5m away from the bottom of the comprehensive sedimentation tank 3 along the width side of the comprehensive sedimentation tank 3. The two ends of the water distribution pipe 9 are closed, a row of water distribution holes 14 with the diameter of 2cm (phi 20) are uniformly drilled on the water distribution pipe along the length direction, the number of the holes is more than 100, and the water outlet direction is consistent with the long edge of the comprehensive sedimentation tank.
A plurality of water outlet notches 16 are uniformly distributed on the ridge of one side of the comprehensive sedimentation tank 3 close to the shoal 4, the bottom edge of the water outlet notches is consistent with the water level line of the comprehensive sedimentation tank, the width of each water outlet notch 16 is about 20cm, and a plastic fence is arranged on one side of each water outlet notch 16 positioned on the comprehensive sedimentation tank 3 to block floating objects on the water surface of the comprehensive sedimentation tank.
The area of the shoal 4 is about 0.8 mu, which accounts for 1 percent of the total area of the pond, and the shoal has a drop of about 1m with the water line of the comprehensive sedimentation tank 3, and comprises a water drop area 12 and 2 stepped shallow water tanks 13.
The water dropping area 12 starts from the lower part of the water outlet gap of the comprehensive sedimentation tank 3 and is an irregular slope with the gradient of about 15 percent and the area of about 80m2The bottom of the plate is covered with the riprap which is not smooth to form a bulge, and the riprap is fixed by concrete. The stepped shallow water pool 13 is in the shape of an irregular strip, similar to a terrace on a hillside, and the area of the first shallow water pool is about 180m2Water depth of about 0.5 m; the second shallow pool has an area of about 270m2The water depth is about 0.6 m.
The shape of the clean water pool 5 is similar to that of a natural lake in a hilly area, the area of the clean water pool is about 1.6 mu, the area accounts for 2 percent of the total area of the pool, and the depth gradually deepens from the periphery to a central zone to form a coastal zone and a deep water zone. The water depth of the coastal zone is 0.3m-1.5m, and the water depth of the deep water area is 3m-6 m. The middle part of the clean water tank 5 is provided with a strip-shaped artificial island 1A seat having a top surface with an area of about 30m2(about 15m multiplied by 2m), the top surface is 0.5m below the water level line, and 1 bottom sewage discharge outlet is respectively arranged at the deepest part of each of two sides of the artificial island of the clean water tank, and the total number is 2.
The sewage pipes 15 and the insertion pipes 8 of the water collecting tank 2, the comprehensive sedimentation tank 3 and the clean water tank 5 are all phi 160PVC pipes, the insertion pipe well 7 is positioned beside the corresponding tank and close to the bottom sewage outlet of the corresponding tank, the diameter of the insertion pipe well 7 is 1.5m, the depth of the insertion pipe well is matched with the bottom sewage outlet, the upper edge of the insertion pipe well 7 is 0.5m higher than the ground, and a stainless steel fence is arranged to prevent personnel or other animals from falling into the insertion pipe well so as to ensure safety. Fences are arranged at the drain outlets at the bottoms of the ponds to prevent leaves or other sundries from entering and blocking the pipelines and prevent the cultured fishes from escaping. The sludge pits 11 of the integrated sedimentation tank 3 and the clean water tank 5 are arranged beside the corresponding tube inserting wells 7, and the volume of the sludge pits is about 10m3。
Example 2 operation of tail water treatment System
The aquaculture tail water discharged from the bottom of the fishpond enters the water collecting pond 2 for primary purification through the aquaculture tail water input pipeline 1, then overflows from the upper end of the insertion pipe 8 through the bottom drainage system, enters the insertion pipe well 7, and then enters the comprehensive sedimentation pond 3 through the drainage pipeline 15 and the water distribution pipe 9. The tail water flowing out of the water outlet gap 16 of the comprehensive sedimentation tank 3 directly falls to the shoal 4, flows into the first shallow water tank through the slope, then turns over the ridge of the first shallow water tank, falls to the second shallow water tank, and then turns over the ridge of the second shallow water tank to enter the clean water tank 5. The water in the clean water tank 5 can be pumped to the fishpond for reuse or directly discharged.
600 silver carps and 200 bighead carps with the specification of 0.2 kg/tail and 200 crucian carps with the specification of 0.01 kg/tail are cultured in the water collecting tank 2.
The water surface of the comprehensive sedimentation tank 3 is provided with a floating bed for planting aquatic plants, water spinach is planted in 5-9 months, ryegrass, cress and the like are planted in 10-4 months of the next year, and 50 crucian tails with the specification of 0.01 kg/tail are released.
Planting water bamboo in the water of a first shallow pool, and stocking 30 crucian carps with the specification of 0.01 kg/tail; and planting the watermifoil in the second shallow pool, and stocking 30 crucian carps with the specification of 0.01 kg/tail.
Emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants and the like growing in local natural water bodies are planted in the coastal zone, the artificial island and the surrounding shallow water area in the clean water tank 5, and 20 silver carps and 8 bighead carps with the specification of 0.2 kg/tail and 20 crucian carps with the specification of 0.05 kg/tail are bred. And breeding 8 megalobrama amblycephala tails with the specification of 0.05 kg/tail and 5 black carp tails with the specification of 0.5 kg/tail after the aquatic weeds grow thickly.
The sewage discharge cycle of the comprehensive sedimentation tank 3 is 3 days and 1 time, and the sewage discharge cycle of the clean water tank 5 is 2 months and 1 time. The operation method is that the intubation tube 8 is pulled out to let the sewage flow out, the initially flowed-out sewage is slightly thick and is generally brown or black, the intubation tube 8 is inserted after the water flow begins to be clear, the sewage discharge is stopped, and the sewage discharge time is generally about 3 minutes; the discharged sludge is directly used for farmland fertilization.
A small amount of fishes are cultivated in the comprehensive sedimentation tank 3, the shoal 4 and the clean water tank 5, and insects, benthos and other natural baits in water can be utilized to avoid breeding mosquitoes.
The culture tail water in the example is discharged from the bottom of the culture pond, so that the content of pollutants is relatively high, after treatment, main pollutant indexes such as suspended matters (SS), permanganate indexes (InMn), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP) and the like are all superior to the first-class standard of 'the discharge requirement of culture water in a fresh water pond' (SC/T9101-2007), the indexes of the total phosphorus and the permanganate reach or approach the III-class standard of 'surface water environment quality standard' (GB3838-2002), and the total nitrogen approaches the IV-class standard of 'surface water environment quality standard' (GB 3838-2002). The removal rates of suspended matters, permanganate index, total nitrogen and total phosphorus respectively reach 79.1%, 69.3%, 78.8% and 81.8%, and are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 cultivation tail water treatment results
| Index of pollutants | SS(mg/L) | InMn(mg/L) | TN(mg/L) | TP(mg/L) |
| Tail water treatment system inlet water | 50.2±26.1 | 22.5±8.5 | 7.20±1.59 | 0.87±0.28 |
| Drainage outlet of clean water tank | 10.5±3.4 | 6.9±1.2 | 1.53±0.21 | 0.16±0.05 |
| Rate of removal of contaminants | 79.1％ | 69.3％ | 78.8％ | 81.8％ |
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A pond culture tail water treatment system, comprising:
the water collecting tank (2) collects the culture tail water discharged from the bottom of the culture pond through the culture tail water input pipeline (1) and is used for culturing filter-feeding fishes without fertilizing or feeding;
the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3) is used for receiving the culture tail water which is primarily purified by the water collecting tank (2) and is discharged from the bottom of the water collecting tank (2), and a floating bed is arranged on the water surface to plant aquatic plants so as to absorb nitrogen and phosphorus in the water and promote the decomposition of organic matters and the sedimentation of suspended matters; the sediment is periodically discharged in a bottom pollution discharge mode; the sewage discharge cycle is 1 to 5 days, and the sewage discharge time of each time is 2 to 5 minutes;
a shoal (4) for naturally aerating the culture tail water treated by the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3); comprises a water dropping area (12) and a stepped shallow water pool (13), tail water discharged from the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3) drops into the stepped shallow water pool (13) through the water dropping area (12), and aeration and oxygenation are realized in the dropping process; and the stepped shallow water pool (13) is used for planting or naturally growing aquatic plants;
the clean water tank (5) is used for storing water, further removing nitrogen and phosphorus in the water by planting aquatic plants, precipitating suspended substances, and pumping the water in the clean water tank back to the culture pond by using a water pump for recycling or directly discharging; the sediment is discharged periodically by adopting a bottom pollution discharge mode, the pollution discharge period is 1-3 months, and the pollution discharge time of each time is 2-5 minutes.
2. The pond culture tail water treatment system of claim 1, wherein: one side of the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3) close to the water collecting tank (2) is provided with a horizontally arranged water distribution pipe (9), the distance between the water distribution pipe (9) and the bottom of the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3) is 0.3-0.6 m, the length of the water distribution pipe (9) is matched with the width of the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3), and the water distribution pipe (9) is provided with a plurality of water distribution holes (14) which are arranged side by side, so that the flow is uniformly distributed on the water inlet section, and the bottom sedimentation disturbance is reduced.
3. The pond culture tail water treatment system of claim 1, wherein: a plurality of water outlet holes or water outlet gaps (16) are arranged on the pool ridge on one side of the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3) close to the shoal (4), the water outlet holes or the water outlet gaps are positioned on the water surface water level line, and a fence (10) is arranged in the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3) at a position 0m-0.3m away from the water outlet holes or the water outlet gaps so as to block floating objects on the water surface of the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3).
4. The pond culture tail water treatment system of claim 1, wherein: and the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3) is used for stocking the low-oxygen-resistant omnivorous fishes so as to utilize the naturally-growing aquatic insects in the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3) to avoid breeding mosquitoes.
5. The pond culture tail water treatment system of claim 1, wherein:
the depth of the stepped shallow water pool (13) is 0.3m-1m, and omnivorous fishes using natural baits in the stepped shallow water pool are bred.
6. The pond culture tail water treatment system of claim 1, wherein: the depth of the clean water tank (5) is gradually deepened from the periphery to the central zone to form a coastal zone and a deep water zone; the water depth of the coastal zone is 0.3m-1.5m, the coastal zone forms a gradient of 10% -60%, and the water depth of the deep water area is 3m-10 m;
the aquatic plants are planted or naturally grow along the coastal zone, and the aquatic plants comprise one or more than two of emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants or floating-leaf plants;
the artificial island is arranged in the deep water area, the slope of a side slope of the artificial island is 15% -60%, the top surface of the artificial island is located 0.3m-0.5m below a water line, and aquatic plants are planted or naturally grow in the shallow water area formed by the top surface and the periphery of the artificial island.
7. The pond culture tail water treatment system of claim 6, wherein: the bottom of the deep water area of the clean water tank (5) is provided with 1 or more sewage outlets (6).
8. The pond culture tail water treatment system of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3) is provided with a 2-7% gradient, and the lowest part of the bottom of the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3) is provided with a sewage outlet (6).
9. A pond culture tail water treatment system according to any one of claims 7 or 8, wherein: the bottom intercommunication of drain (6) through sewage pipes (15) and intubate well (7), and intubate well (7) and the intercommunication mouth department of sewage pipes (15) insert and be equipped with intubate (8), and the top of intubate (8) is higher than the surface of water of synthesizing sedimentation tank (3) or clean water basin (5), sludge pit (11) is still connected in intubate well (7).
10. The pond culture tail water treatment system of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the water collecting tank (2) is provided with a 0.5-7% gradient, and the lowest part of the bottom of the water collecting tank (2) is provided with a sewage draining outlet (6); the sewage draining port (6) is communicated with the bottom of the pipe inserting well (7) through a sewage draining pipeline (15), an inserting pipe (8) is inserted into the communicating port of the pipe inserting well (7) and the sewage draining pipeline (15), and the top end of the inserting pipe (8) and the liquid level of the water collecting tank (2) are on the same horizontal plane; the lower part of the pipe inserting well (7) is communicated with the comprehensive sedimentation tank (3).
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