CN112931004A - Method for analyzing root nodule formation of different varieties of waxberries - Google Patents
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- 235000012851 Myrica pensylvanica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
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- 244000269152 Myrica pensylvanica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000007696 Kjeldahl method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 tetraphenylborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004879 turbidimetry Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].[Sb] Chemical compound [Mo].[Sb] WYWFMUBFNXLFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-N-(3-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound Cc1ccc(N=Nc2c(O)c(cc3ccccc23)C(=O)Nc2cccc(c2)[N+]([O-])=O)c(c1)[N+]([O-])=O MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000219495 Betulaceae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000219501 Casuarina Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000001085 Trapa natans Species 0.000 description 2
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- IKMDFBPHZNJCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myricetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 IKMDFBPHZNJCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004674 Papaver rhoeas Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007846 Papaver rhoeas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940116852 myricetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PCOBUQBNVYZTBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N myricetin Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C=2OC3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C=2)=C1 PCOBUQBNVYZTBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007743 myricetin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for analyzing the root nodule formation of different waxberry varieties, which comprises the following steps: comparing the shape and the size of the root nodules of different varieties of waxberry with the diameter of the branch roots of the root nodules, wherein the size of the waxberry root nodules is in positive correlation with the diameter of the side roots forming the root nodules; the soil volume weight, the water content, the water holding capacity, the pore space of the soil at the root nodules of different varieties of waxberries and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements and organic matters in the soil are analyzed, and scientific basis is provided for evaluation of the nitrogen fixation capacity of the waxberry forest, collection of wild rhizobia and screening of efficient nitrogen fixation strains by researching the shapes, formation and distribution rules of the root nodules of different varieties of waxberries and measuring and analyzing the physicochemical properties of symbiotic soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for analyzing the formation of red bayberry nodules, in particular to a method for analyzing the formation of different red bayberry nodules.
Background
The total amount of nitrogen resources in the biological nitrogen fixation land-occupied terrestrial ecosystem is about 70 percent, wherein rhizobia and leguminous plants and Frankia and actinomycete nodulation plants are two main symbiotic nodulation nitrogen fixation systems, most of the Frankia can symbiotically fix nitrogen with actinomycete nodulation plants, and the Frankia has a unique mechanism for infecting a host and preventing nitrogen fixation from being damaged by oxygen by spanning families, genera and species, so the biological nitrogen fixation land-occupied terrestrial ecosystem has more prospects and potentials in the research of expanding the field of biological nitrogen fixation.
The waxberry is a special economic forest fruit in China and is a plant which can grow with actinomycetes and can nodulate and fix nitrogen in a few economic forest plants, nitrogen-fixing nodules are formed at the root by symbiosis with Francisella, and molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere can be reduced into ammonia for absorption and utilization by the plant, so that the waxberry can grow in barren soil and a severe environment, is a good economic ecological forest fruit for improving soil, controlling water and soil loss and improving ecological environment, and is listed as one of ecological public welfare forest alternative tree species by the national forestry bureau.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for analyzing the formation of root nodules of different varieties of waxberries, and provides scientific basis for the collection of wild rhizobia, the screening of efficient nitrogen-fixing strains and the development of bacterial fertilizers in the future.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for analyzing root nodule formation of different varieties of red bayberry, comprising: comparing the shape and the size of the root nodules of different varieties of waxberry with the diameter of the branch roots of the root nodules, wherein the size of the waxberry root nodules is in positive correlation with the diameter of the side roots forming the root nodules; and analyzing the soil volume weight, water content, water holding capacity and pore space of the soil at the root nodules of the different varieties of waxberries and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements and organic matters in the soil.
Preferably, the physical properties of the soil are measured by a cutting ring method, the organic matters of the soil are measured by a potassium sulfur dichromate method, the total nitrogen is measured by a Kjeldahl method, the total phosphorus is measured by an acid-soluble-molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method, and the quick-acting phosphorus is measured by NH4F-HCl leaching-sodium tetraphenylborate turbidimetry, and hydrolytic nitrogen by diffusion absorption.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for improving soil structure by enhancing soil fertility, the method comprising: planting red bayberries in acid soil, wherein the red bayberries are the boat mountain late rice red bayberries, and the roots of the red bayberries contain alder-type root nodules.
Preferably, the pH value of the acid soil is 4.0-5.5.
The method for analyzing the root nodule formation of different waxberry varieties has the following advantages:
through research on the shapes, formation and distribution rules of the root nodules of different varieties of waxberries and determination and analysis on the physical and chemical properties of symbiotic soil, the results show that: the late rice red bayberry root nodule belongs to an alder type root nodule, and the Dongkui red bayberry, the chufa species and the deep red bayberry species belong to a bayberry/casuarina type root nodule. The sizes of root nodules formed by different varieties of red bayberries at the same age are different, the root nodule of the deep red bayberries is the largest, and the diameter of a branch root of the root nodule is the thickest; the size of the root nodule and the diameter of the lateral root of the root nodule form a remarkable positive correlation; the root nodules are mostly born at the ends of the lateral roots and are distributed in a soil layer of 20-60 cm. The soil forming the nodule has small volume weight, good structure, strong water storage and drainage capacity, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters in the soil are greatly increased compared with the contrast, the quick-acting nitrogen content of the soil is obviously higher than the contrast soil not forming the nodule, and the pH value range of the soil forming the nodule is (4.02-5.43), thereby providing scientific basis for the collection of field rhizobia, the screening of high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing strains and the development of bacterial fertilizers in the future.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of root nodules of different waxberries.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Experimental example 1
From 2006 to 4 months and 2008 to 12 months, according to different geographical distributions and waxberry types, nodule formation and distribution characteristics of main waxberry varieties, namely waxberries in Zhejiang province (water chestnut, Dongkui waxberry, deep red and Zhoushan late rice waxberry, all of which are about 10 years old) are researched in 5 areas, such as Hangzhou, Ningbo, Zhoushan, Lishui and Shaoxing Shangyu Yu, respectively.
Digging a soil section at each nodule collecting point, observing the distribution condition of root systems and nodules in the soil, measuring the diameter of the nodules, the length of the branch roots and the length of the branch roots at the previous stage, cutting off the nodules of each plant, bagging the nodules for later use, and then taking 1.0kg of mixed soil samples at different levels of 0-20cm and 20-40 cm.
The physical property of the soil adopts a cutting ring method, the soil organic matter adopts a potassium sulfur dichromate method, the total nitrogen adopts a selenium powder-copper sulfate-sulfuric acid method (Kjeldahl method), the total phosphorus adopts an acid soluble-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method, and the quick-acting phosphorus adopts 0.03mol/LNH4F-0.025 mol/L HCl leaching-sodium tetraphenylborate turbidimetry, adopting a diffusion absorption method for hydrolyzable nitrogen, and taking soil with no root nodule found in the same place as a control for comparative analysis.
For the research on the root nodules with different geographical distributions and waxberry types, the following findings are found:
(1) morphological characteristics
The root nodules of the waxberries are mainly grown on the lateral roots of the two-year-old branches, the root nodules of the waxberries of different varieties have certain differences in shape, wherein the shapes of the myrica rubra of Dongkui, the water chestnut and the dark red waxberry are similar, the root nodules of the waxberries are spherical root nodule clusters (shown as B in figure 1), the nodule petals are branched short ellipses or rod-shaped, the end of each root nodule is provided with a nodule root growing on one back, the top of each new nodule is grey white, the young nodules are light red, and the mature nodules are reddish brown or brown. The root nodule of the bayberry of the Zhoushan late rice is a coral-shaped nodule cluster (as shown in A in fig. 1), which is composed of a plurality of flat and thin nodule petals and is repeatedly branched into a coral shape. The late rice red bayberry root nodule belongs to an alder type root nodule, and the Dongkui red bayberry, the chufa species and the deep red bayberry species belong to a bayberry/casuarina type root nodule.
(2) Root nodule size and distribution
Through analysis of the sizes and distribution characteristics (shown in table 1) of the root nodules of different varieties of waxberries, the sizes of the root nodules formed by the different varieties of waxberries are different, the root nodules of the red waxberries are the largest, the diameters of the root nodules are also the thickest, the root nodules of the late rice waxberries are 1.273, the sizes of the root nodules are 0.229, the root nodules of the Dongkui waxberries and the water chestnut waxberries are relatively smaller, and the diameters of the root nodules of the late rice waxberries are also smaller. The root nodules of different varieties of waxberries mostly grow on the end of the lateral roots, wherein the length of the lateral roots of the red bayberries of late rice from the upper level is 10.53, the red bayberries of Dongkui and the deep red seeds are respectively arranged, the water chestnuts grow roots, and the lateral roots of the root nodules are the shortest from the upper level lateral roots. From the view point of the distribution depth of the nodules in the soil, the nodules are mostly distributed in a soil layer of 20-60 cm, and the nodules are hardly found in the soil layer below 60 cm.
TABLE 1 root nodule size and soil distribution results for different species of Myrica rubra
Through analysis, the sizes of the root nodules of different varieties of waxberries (except the myrica rubra Dongkui) are in a significant positive correlation with the diameters of lateral roots forming the root nodules, namely the size of the root nodules of the waxberries is increased significantly along with the diameter of the root nodules. Meanwhile, nodules can still be formed on old roots (the diameter is about 1 cm) of the waxberries of the water chestnut species which grow for about 30 years, the diameter is about 5cm, the color is black, the lignification degree is high, and the roots cannot be easily separated from the roots, so that rhizobia and roots of the nodules can grow along with the growth of the roots, but the nitrogen fixation activity can possibly decrease along with the increase of the age of the roots.
TABLE 2 regression equation of root diameter and lateral root diameter of different waxberry
(3) Relation between root nodule formation and soil physicochemical property
The volume weight of the porosity soil is an important index for reflecting the physical characteristics of the soil, and the size of the volume weight of the soil influences the growth of plant roots. By analyzing the physical properties of the waxberry forest soil with the root nodules formed by the deep red waxberries planted in the corn poppy and the water chestnuts planted in the yao (see table 3), the results show that the waxberry forest soil with the root nodules formed in the waxberry is smaller in volume weight and more beneficial to the growth of the root systems of the waxberries. The soil pore composition (pore ratio) is a channel and a storage for soil nutrients, moisture, air, microorganisms and plant root system activities, directly reflects the structural condition of the whole soil body, is one of important indexes of soil fertility, and the measured porosity ratio of the bayberry forest land soil is higher, which indicates that the soil is good in structure, loose in soil quality and relatively good in soil fertility. The porosity of the soil non-capillary is an important factor influencing the water storage capacity of the forest land soil, and the larger the porosity of the non-capillary is, the stronger the water storage capacity of the forest land soil is. The measured soil has large non-capillary porosity and strong water drainage capacity, which shows that the water storage performance of the soil is strong and the water drainage capacity is better. Research results show that the soil with loose surface soil quality, good structure and good water storage and drainage performance is beneficial to the growth of the root system of the waxberry and is also beneficial to the establishment and formation of a non-leguminous root nodule nitrogen fixation system of the waxberry; meanwhile, the establishment and formation of the nitrogen fixation system of the non-leguminous root nodules of the waxberries are also explained, which is beneficial to the improvement of soil fertility and the improvement of soil structure and the promotion of the growth of the waxberry trees.
TABLE 3 physical analysis of soil properties of formation of nodules from deep red and chufa red bayberries
TABLE 4 analysis of soil chemistry for root nodule formation of different varieties of Myrica rubra
Note: in Table 4, the term "nodule-bearing soil" refers to soil having nodules, and the term "nodule-free soil" refers to soil having no nodules.
As can be seen from Table 4, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters in the soil capable of forming nodules in the myrica rubra forest of different varieties are increased to a certain extent compared with the control (the soil capable of forming nodules cannot be formed), and variance analysis shows that the difference between the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, fast potassium and organic matters in the soil and the control does not reach a significant level, but the content of quick-acting nitrogen in the soil of the myrica rubra forest capable of forming nodules is significantly higher than that in the soil capable of forming nodules (see Table 5). Therefore, the non-leguminous root nodule nitrogen fixation system of the waxberry is established to change free N in the air into compound N, and the compound N enters the soil in a form of root system activity and ion exchange, so that the content of the quick-acting nitrogen (available nitrogen) in the myricetin soil is increased, and the field root nodule investigation and the determination of the root nodule nitrogen fixation activity can be performed by determining the content of the quick-acting nitrogen in the soil. Analysis shows that the increase degree of the quick-acting nitrogen content in the soil of different waxberry varieties has certain difference, the quick-acting nitrogen content in the soil of the waxberry of the late rice is increased by 93.39 percent and 135.02 percent, while the content of the waxberry of the deep red Yu is only increased by 7.5 percent, the content of the waxberry of the water chestnut variety Yuyao is increased by 30 percent, and the content of the waxberry of the Dongkui Lishui is increased by 83.05 percent. By comparing the content of the quick-acting nitrogen in the soil, the red bayberries of different varieties with nitrogen fixation activity of the bayberry root nodule of Zhoushan late rice bayberry, Lishui Dongkui bayberry, Yuyao water chestnut seed bayberry, Shangyu profound red seed bayberry are preliminarily obtained.
In addition, the soil pH values of different varieties of myrica rubra forests forming the nodules are lower than those of the control soil through comparison, and the soil pH values of the nodules forming the soil are in the range of (4.02-5.43). In field investigation, the root nodules of the waxberry forest growing on mountain red soil (with low pH) are often found, and the root nodules are rarely found in the waxberry forest planted on vegetable garden soil (with high pH) in plain areas.
TABLE 5 analysis of variance of available phosphorus content in soil
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for analyzing root nodule formation of different varieties of waxberries comprises the following steps:
comparing the shape and the size of the root nodules of different varieties of waxberry with the diameter of the branch roots of the root nodules, wherein the size of the waxberry root nodules is in positive correlation with the diameter of the side roots forming the root nodules;
and analyzing the soil volume weight, water content, water holding capacity and pore space of the soil at the root nodules of the different varieties of waxberries and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements and organic matters in the soil.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the physical properties of the soil are measured by the ring cutter method, the organic matter of the soil is measured by the potassium sulfodichromate method, the total nitrogen is measured by the Kjeldahl method, the total phosphorus is measured by the acid-soluble molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method, and the available phosphorus is measured as NH4F-HCl leaching-sodium tetraphenylborate turbidimetry, and hydrolytic nitrogen by diffusion absorption.
3. A method of enhancing soil fertility and improving soil structure, the method comprising: planting red bayberries in acid soil, wherein the red bayberries are the boat mountain late rice red bayberries, and the roots of the red bayberries contain alder-type root nodules.
4. The method for improving soil fertility and improving soil structure according to claim 3, wherein the pH value of the acid soil is 4.0-5.5.
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