CN112926280A - MATLAB-based nuclear pulse signal simulation and test method - Google Patents
MATLAB-based nuclear pulse signal simulation and test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation and test method of nuclear pulse signals based on MATLAB. Wherein, the simulation and test comprises the following steps: (1) simulating signal characteristics of a nuclear radiation detector; (2) simulating an output signal of the preamplifier; (3) simulating an output signal of a main amplifier; (4) designing a trapezoidal filter forming algorithm; (5) the actual nuclear pulse signal is tested and compared with the simulation result, and by adopting the simulation and test method, the simulation result can be basically consistent with the actual signal, so that a foundation is laid for the research of the nuclear pulse simulation signal generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of simulation of nuclear radiation signals, in particular to a nuclear pulse signal simulation and test method based on MATLAB.
Background
In recent years, nuclear radiation detectors are classified into gas detectors, semiconductor detectors, and scintillator detectors according to the detection medium, and they receive radiation and output electrical signals. The research of the nuclear radiation measuring system mainly processes and analyzes electric signals given by a nuclear radiation detector, and by analyzing information of nuclides and nuclear reactions carried by the electric signals, the energy, the category, the radiation intensity and other information of particles can be known.
Nuclear pulse signals are now obtained in laboratories mainly by detecting radioactive sources by means of nuclear radiation detectors. However, the radioactive source is radioactive and may cause personal health damage due to inadvertent contact during the experiment. In addition, the nuclear detector is high in cost and easy to damage, so that a nuclear pulse simulating signal generator capable of completely simulating nuclear pulse is urgently needed to replace a radioactive source.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems existing in the existing research, explore the simulation of nuclear radiation signals and provide a simulation and test method of nuclear pulse signals based on MATLAB.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a nuclear pulse signal simulation and test method based on MATLAB, which comprises the following steps: (1) simulating signal characteristics of a nuclear radiation detector;
(2) simulating an output signal of the preamplifier;
(3) simulating an output signal of a main amplifier;
(4) designing a trapezoidal filter forming algorithm;
(5) and testing the actual nuclear pulse signal, and comparing the actual nuclear pulse signal with a simulation result.
Optionally: in step (1), if the charge collection time is shorter than 1 μ s, the nuclear pulse signal is defined as a current surge pulse.
Optionally: in step (2), the leading edge of the preamplifier waveform approximates a step signal, the trailing edge is an exponentially decaying signal, and a sharp peak is formed at the maximum of the amplitude.
Optionally: in step (3), the step pulse output by the charge sensitive preamplifier is shaped into a quasi-gaussian pulse.
Optionally: in step (4), the transfer function of the trapezoidal filter shaping algorithm is h (z) ═ Uo(z)/Ui(z)＝[z(1-z-n a)(1-z-n b)(1-q*z-1)]/[na*(1-z-1)2]The output of the preamplifier is set as an ideal exponential signal, and the time domain expression is as follows: u shapei(t)＝Umax*e-t/tao*μ(t)，UmaxFor pulse amplitude, tao is the time constant of the front-end amplifier, μ (T) is the standard unit step function, as TsThe input signal is sampled for a period, and an expression of the pulse sequence can be obtained: u shapei(t)＝Umax*e-nT s /taoMu (t), let e-nT s /taoQ, Z-transforming the above equation to obtain: u shapei(t)＝UmaxZ/(z-d); the piecewise function of the ideal trapezoidal function can be expressed as: u shapeo(z)＝Umax*(1-z-n a-z-n b+z-n c)/(1-2z-1+z-2)。
Optionally: in step (5), the duration of the gaussian distributed signal is 6us, the amplitude of the signal is 768mV, and the rise time of the signal is 2.68 us.
Optionally: in step (2), the signal duration of the preamplifier is 0.2ms, the signal amplitude is 162mV, the rise time of the signal is 363ns, the root mean square voltage of the equivalent noise is 6mV, and the signal-to-noise ratio is 22: 1.
optionally: the simulation result is used for researching the simulated nuclear pulse generator.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
1. high safety and stability, and can reduce the use of radioactive sources.
2. The trapezoidal algorithm is simple and rapid, compared with Gaussian forming, when the energy resolution is the same, the trapezoidal forming time is short, the pulse passing rate is improved, and real-time processing is facilitated. The influence of adverse factors can be reduced, and the energy resolution can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the signature of signals in nuclear electronics;
FIG. 2 is a simulation diagram of nuclear radiation detector output signals;
FIG. 3 is a simulation of the preamplifier output signal;
FIG. 4 is a simulation diagram of trapezoidal filter shaping;
FIG. 5 is a test chart of an actual nuclear pulse signal;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The embodiment of the application provides a simulation and test method of a nuclear pulse signal based on MATLAB, which comprises the following steps:
(1) simulating signal characteristics of a nuclear radiation detector;
(2) simulating an output signal of the preamplifier;
(3) simulating an output signal of a main amplifier;
(4) designing a trapezoidal filter forming algorithm;
(5) and testing the actual nuclear pulse signal, and comparing the actual nuclear pulse signal with a simulation result.
Optionally: in step (1), if the charge collection time is shorter than 1 μ s, the nuclear pulse signal is defined as a current surge pulse.
Optionally: in step (2), the leading edge of the preamplifier waveform approximates a step signal, the trailing edge is an exponentially decaying signal, and a sharp peak is formed at the maximum of the amplitude.
Optionally: in step (3), the step pulse output by the charge sensitive preamplifier is shaped into a quasi-gaussian pulse.
Optionally: in step (4), the transfer function of the trapezoidal filter shaping algorithm is h (z) ═ Uo(z)/Ui(z)＝[z(1-z-n a)(1-z-n b)(1-q*z-1)]/[na*(1-z-1)2]The output of the preamplifier is set as an ideal exponential signal, and the time domain expression is as follows: u shapei(t)＝Umax*e-t/tao*μ(t)，UmaxFor pulse amplitude, tao is the time constant of the front-end amplifier, μ (T) is the standard unit step function, as TsThe input signal is sampled for a period, and an expression of the pulse sequence can be obtained: u shapei(t)＝Umax*e-nT s /taoMu (t), let e-nT s /taoQ, Z-transforming the above equation to obtain: u shapei(t)＝UmaxZ/(z-d); the piecewise function of the ideal trapezoidal function can be expressed as: u shapeo(z)＝Umax*(1-z-n a-z-n b+z-n c)/(1-2z-1+z-2)。
Optionally: in step (5), the duration of the gaussian distributed signal is 6us, the amplitude of the signal is 768mV, and the rise time of the signal is 2.68 us.
Optionally: in step (2), the signal duration of the preamplifier is 0.2ms, the signal amplitude is 162mV, the rise time of the signal is 363ns, the root mean square voltage of the equivalent noise is 6mV, and the signal-to-noise ratio is 22: 1.
optionally: the simulation result is used for researching the simulated nuclear pulse generator.
Next, the results of simulation with several specific implementations will be compared with each other to illustrate the advantages of the present application.
Example 1:
using trapezoidal filter shaping algorithms
(1) Simulating signal characteristics of a nuclear radiation detector;
(2) simulating an output signal of the preamplifier;
(3) simulating an output signal of a main amplifier;
(4) designing a trapezoidal filter forming algorithm;
(5) testing the actual nuclear pulse signal, and comparing the actual nuclear pulse signal with a simulation result;
preferably, in step (1), if the charge collection time is shorter than 1 μ s, the nuclear pulse signal is defined as a current impact pulse.
Preferably, the leading edge of the preamplifier waveform in step (2) approximates a step signal, the trailing edge being an exponentially decaying signal, forming a sharp peak at the maximum of the amplitude.
Preferably, the step pulse output by the charge sensitive preamplifier is shaped into a quasi-gaussian pulse in the step (3), so that a better signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained, and the top part of the quasi-gaussian pulse keeps a certain width, so that the requirement of a subsequent analysis and measurement circuit can be met.
Preferably, the trapezoidal filter shaping algorithm in step (4) is simple and fast, and can reduce the influence of adverse factors and improve the energy resolution, wherein the transfer function of the trapezoidal filter shaping algorithm is h (z) Uo(z)/Ui(z)＝[z(1-z-n a)(1-z-n b)(1-q*z-1)]/[na*(1-z-1)2]The output of the preamplifier is set as an ideal exponential signal, and the time domain expression is as follows: u shapei(t)＝Umax*e-t/tao*μ(t)，UmaxFor pulse amplitude, tao is the time constant of the front-end amplifier, μ (T) is the standard unit step function, as TsThe input signal is sampled for a period, and an expression of the pulse sequence can be obtained: u shapei(t)＝Umax*e-nT s /taoMu (t), let e-nT s /taoQ, Z-transforming the above equation to obtain: u shapei(t)＝UmaxZ/(z-d); the piecewise function of the ideal trapezoidal function can be expressed as: u shapeo(z)＝Umax*(1-z-n a-z-n b+z-n c)/(1-2z-1+z-2)。
Preferably, the duration of the gaussian distributed signal in step (5) is 6us, the amplitude of the signal is 768mV, and the rise time of the signal is 2.68 us.
Referring to fig. 2, a simulation diagram of the output signal of the nuclear radiation detector according to the embodiment 1 of the invention is shown;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a simulation of the output signal of the preamplifier according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a simulation diagram of trapezoidal filter shaping according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a practical nuclear pulse signal test according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention;
example 2:
using a gaussian filter shaping algorithm
(1) Simulating signal characteristics of a nuclear radiation detector;
(2) simulating an output signal of the preamplifier;
(3) simulating an output signal of a main amplifier;
(4) designing a Gaussian filter forming algorithm;
(5) testing the actual nuclear pulse signal, and comparing the actual nuclear pulse signal with a simulation result;
preferably, in step (1), if the charge collection time is shorter than 1 μ s, the nuclear pulse signal is determined as a current impact pulse.
Preferably, the leading edge of the preamplifier waveform in step (2) approximates a step signal, the trailing edge being an exponentially decaying signal, forming a sharp peak at the maximum of the amplitude.
Preferably, the step pulse output by the charge sensitive preamplifier is shaped into a quasi-gaussian pulse in the step (3), so that a better signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained, and the top part of the quasi-gaussian pulse keeps a certain width, so that the requirement of a subsequent analysis and measurement circuit can be met.
Preferably, the falling edge of the Gaussian shaping algorithm in the step (4) is relatively slow, and the shaping time is relatively long.
Preferably, the duration of the gaussian distributed signal in step (5) is 7us, the amplitude of the signal is 689mV, and the rise time of the signal is 2.98 us.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
1. high safety and stability, and can reduce the use of radioactive sources.
2. The trapezoidal algorithm is simple and rapid, compared with Gaussian forming, when the energy resolution is the same, the trapezoidal forming time is short, the pulse passing rate is improved, and real-time processing is facilitated. The influence of adverse factors can be reduced, and the energy resolution can be improved.
It is to be understood that the terminology used in the embodiments of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in the examples of this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and "a" and "an" typically include at least two, but do not exclude the presence of at least one.
It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one type of association that describes an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in the embodiments of the present application to describe certain components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another. For example, a first certain component may also be referred to as a second certain component, and similarly, a second certain component may also be referred to as a first certain component without departing from the scope of embodiments herein.
The words "if", as used herein, may be interpreted as "at … …" or "at … …" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to a monitoring", depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if it is monitored (a stated condition or event)" may be interpreted as "when determining" or "in response to determining" or "when monitoring (a stated condition or event)" or "in response to monitoring (a stated condition or event)", depending on the context.
In the embodiments of the present application, "substantially equal to", "substantially perpendicular", "substantially symmetrical", and the like mean that the macroscopic size or relative positional relationship between the two features referred to is very close to the stated relationship. However, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the positional relationship of the object is difficult to be exactly constrained at small scale or even at microscopic angles due to the existence of objective factors such as errors, tolerances, etc. Therefore, even if a slight point error exists in the size and position relationship between the two, the technical effect of the present application is not greatly affected.
It is also noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a good or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such good or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system that includes the element.
In the various embodiments described above, while, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more embodiments, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein or not shown and described herein, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
Finally, it should be noted that those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present application present many technical details for the purpose of enabling the reader to better understand the present application. However, the technical solutions claimed in the claims of the present application can be basically implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the above-described embodiments. Accordingly, in actual practice, various changes in form and detail may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A nuclear pulse signal simulation and test method based on MATLAB is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) simulating signal characteristics of a nuclear radiation detector;
(2) simulating an output signal of the preamplifier;
(3) simulating an output signal of a main amplifier;
(4) designing a trapezoidal filter forming algorithm;
(5) and testing the actual nuclear pulse signal, and comparing the actual nuclear pulse signal with a simulation result.
2. The MATLAB-based simulation and test method of nuclear pulse signals according to claim 1, wherein: in step (1), if the charge collection time is shorter than 1 μ s, the nuclear pulse signal is defined as a current surge pulse.
3. The MATLAB-based simulation and test method of nuclear pulse signals according to claim 1, wherein: in step (2), the leading edge of the preamplifier waveform approximates a step signal, the trailing edge is an exponentially decaying signal, and a sharp peak is formed at the maximum of the amplitude.
4. The MATLAB-based simulation and test method of nuclear pulse signals according to claim 1, wherein: in step (3), the step pulse output by the charge sensitive preamplifier is shaped into a quasi-gaussian pulse.
5. The MATLAB-based simulation and test method of nuclear pulse signals according to claim 1, wherein: in step (4), the transfer function of the trapezoidal filter shaping algorithm is h (z) ═ Uo(z)/Ui(z)＝[z(1-z-n a)(1-z-n b)(1-q*z-1)]/[na*(1-z-1)2]The output of the preamplifier is set as an ideal exponential signal, and the time domain expression is as follows: u shapei(t)＝Umax*e-t/tao*μ(t)，UmaxFor pulse amplitude, tao is the time constant of the front-end amplifier, μ (T) is the standard unit step function, as TsThe input signal is sampled for a period, and an expression of the pulse sequence can be obtained: u shapei(t)＝Umax*e-nT s /taoMu (t), let e-nT s /taoQ, Z-transforming the above equation to obtain: u shapei(t)＝UmaxZ/(z-d); the piecewise function of the ideal trapezoidal function can be expressed as: u shapeo(z)＝Umax*(1-z-n a-z-n b+z-n c)/(1-2z-1+z-2)。
6. The MATLAB-based simulation and test method of nuclear pulse signals according to claim 1, wherein: in step (5), the duration of the gaussian distributed signal is 6us, the amplitude of the signal is 768mV, and the rise time of the signal is 2.68 us.
7. The MATLAB-based simulation and test method of nuclear pulse signals according to claim 1, wherein: in step (2), the signal duration of the preamplifier is 0.2ms, the signal amplitude is 162mV, the rise time of the signal is 363ns, the root mean square voltage of the equivalent noise is 6mV, and the signal-to-noise ratio is 22: 1.
8. the MATLAB-based simulation and test method of nuclear pulse signals according to claim 1, wherein: the simulation result is used for researching the simulated nuclear pulse generator.
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Application publication date: 20210608 |