CN112921217A - Aluminum alloy material and preparation method of aluminum alloy wheel - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy material and preparation method of aluminum alloy wheel Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy materials, and discloses an aluminum alloy material and a preparation method of an aluminum alloy wheel. The aluminum alloy material comprises Al, 1.2-1.6 wt% of Si, 1.5-2.5 wt% of Mg, 0.05-0.15 wt% of Ti, 0.005-0.01 wt% of Ce and 0.005-0.01 wt% of Sb. The aluminum alloy material provided by the invention is based on reasonable proportion and synergistic effect of Si, Mg, Ti, Ce and Sb elements, the structure and mechanical property of the material are obviously improved, when the aluminum alloy material is used for preparing an aluminum alloy wheel, the tensile strength can reach more than 410MPa, the elongation can reach more than 7%, and the requirement of an automobile on the quality of the aluminum alloy wheel is met. The invention fully utilizes the high-temperature waste heat of the wheel blank after liquid die forging, carries out heat treatment after removing the central hole, avoids the need of reheating after the temperature is reduced by water cooling, saves energy and improves the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy materials, in particular to an aluminum alloy material and a preparation method of an aluminum alloy wheel.
Background
The aluminum element is second to oxygen and silicon in the earth crust, and is the most abundant metal element in the earth crust. Therefore, the aluminum alloy wheel is widely applied to the development of three important industries of aviation, building and automobiles, the automobile industry is commonly used for manufacturing automobile wheels, and compared with the traditional steel wheel, the aluminum alloy wheel has the advantages of light weight, high manufacturing precision, small inertia resistance, strong heat dissipation capability, good visual effect and the like. However, because the melting point and the hardness of aluminum are low, the mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy wheel prepared by using the aluminum alloy material is relatively low, the service life of the aluminum alloy wheel can be obviously reduced, and the use risk is increased. At present, the general process of the manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy wheel comprises the following steps: liquid die forging, water cooling, center hole removal, X-ray detection, heat treatment and machining, wherein the water cooling after the liquid die forging is to cool the wheel blank to meet the requirements of X-ray equipment, and the heat treatment is carried out after the X-ray detection, so that the energy is greatly wasted due to reheating after cooling, the production cost is increased, and the production efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to an aluminum alloy material, which solves one or more of the problems of the prior art and provides at least one of the advantages of the present invention.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an aluminum alloy material comprises Al and also comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.2-1.6 wt% of Si, 1.5-2.5 wt% of Mg, 0.05-0.15 wt% of Ti, 0.005-0.01 wt% of Ce and 0.005-0.01 wt% of Sb.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy material further comprises the following components in percentage by weight: at least one of 0.05 to 0.15 wt% of Cr, 1 to 4 wt% of Cu, or 0.03 to 0.08 wt% of Sn; preferably, the alloy comprises 0.05-0.15 wt% of Cr, 1-4 wt% of Cu and 0.03-0.08 wt% of Sn.
The raw materials of the aluminum alloy material can be prepared by taking an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot, an intermediate alloy containing Si, Cu and the like, an aluminum-silicon alloy, an aluminum-copper alloy and the like and a rare earth alloy containing Ce and Sb as raw materials according to the components, adopting a conventional aluminum alloy preparation method, smelting, degassing, slagging-off and casting the raw materials, and adjusting the content of each component to the value within the range defined by the invention.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the aluminum alloy wheel, which comprises the following steps:
s1: melting the aluminum alloy material to 700-730 ℃;
s2: performing liquid die forging on the aluminum alloy material melted in the step S1 to obtain a wheel blank;
s3: carrying out center hole removing treatment on the wheel blank, and then carrying out heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises solution treatment and aging treatment;
s4: and carrying out X-ray detection on the wheel blank subjected to the heat treatment, and then machining to obtain the aluminum alloy wheel.
Preferably, in S2, the liquid forging process specifically includes: respectively fixing an upper die and a lower die of a wheel die on an upper die frame and a lower die frame of liquid forging equipment, forming a wheel product cavity to be processed between the upper die and the lower die, injecting the aluminum alloy material melted in the step S1 into the wheel die, driving the wheel die by the liquid forging equipment to carry out die closing and forming, wherein the pressurizing speed is 5-30 mm/S and the specific pressure is 65-100 MPa in the forming process, and maintaining the pressure for 110-170S under the pressure.
Preferably, in S3, before the wheel blank is transported by the roller way for center hole removing, in order to prevent the wheel blank from cooling down, the temperature of the wheel blank is maintained at 350-420 ℃ by a heating device on the roller way.
Preferably, in S3, the center hole removing process specifically includes: and placing the wheel blank on a die of a press machine by adopting a manipulator, and removing a central hole of the wheel blank by utilizing the press machine. The press machine has high efficiency of removing the center hole, and reduces the temperature loss of the wheel blank.
Preferably, the pressure of the press is 800-850 tons.
Preferably, in S3, before the wheel blank is transported by the roller way for heat treatment, in order to prevent the wheel blank from cooling down, the temperature of the wheel blank is maintained at 350-420 ℃ by a heating device on the roller way.
Preferably, in S3, the temperature of the solution treatment is 545-550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 210-240 min, and the quenching water temperature is 50-60 ℃.
Preferably, in S3, the temperature of the aging treatment is 170-175 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 180-210 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the aluminum alloy material disclosed by the invention is based on reasonable proportion and synergistic effect of elements Si, Mg, Ti, Ce and Sb, the structure and mechanical property of the material are obviously improved, the quality of the aluminum alloy material is greatly improved, the aluminum alloy material is used for preparing an aluminum alloy wheel, the tensile strength can reach more than 410MPa, the elongation can reach more than 7%, and the requirement of an automobile on the quality of the aluminum alloy wheel is met.
2. According to the invention, the traditional water cooling link after liquid die forging is cancelled, so that the high-temperature waste heat of the wheel blank after liquid die forging can be fully utilized, the heat treatment can be carried out after the center hole is removed, the reheating after the temperature is reduced due to water cooling is avoided, the energy is saved, and the production efficiency is improved.
3. According to the invention, after the X-ray detection is carried out on the heat treatment, on one hand, the temperature of the aging treatment is lower, and on the other hand, the wheel after the aging treatment can be naturally cooled through a roller way or cooled through water cooling and then subjected to the X-ray detection so as to meet the requirements of X-ray equipment, and the quality of the product is ensured through the X-ray detection.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An aluminum alloy material comprises Al and also comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.4 wt% Si, 0.1 wt% Ti, 0.005 wt% Ce, 0.008 wt% Sb, 0.1 wt% Cr, 2.5 wt% Cu, 2 wt% Mg, 0.05 wt% Sn.
The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wheel by using the aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: melting the aluminum alloy material to 730 ℃;
s2: respectively fixing an upper die and a lower die of a wheel die on an upper die frame and a lower die frame of liquid forging equipment, forming a wheel product cavity to be processed between the upper die and the lower die, injecting an aluminum alloy material melted in the step S1 into the wheel die, driving the wheel die by the liquid forging equipment to carry out die assembly and forming, wherein in the forming process, the pressurizing speed is 20mm/S, the specific pressure is 80MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 140S under the pressure to obtain a wheel blank;
s3: conveying the wheel blank to a press machine through a roller way, keeping the temperature of the wheel blank at 350 ℃ through a heating device in the conveying process, placing the wheel blank on a die of the press machine by adopting a manipulator, and removing a central hole of the wheel blank by utilizing the press machine, wherein the pressure of the press machine is 800 tons; conveying the wheel blank without the central hole to a heat treatment furnace through a roller way for heat treatment, namely solid solution treatment and aging treatment, wherein the temperature of the wheel blank is kept at 350 ℃, the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 545 ℃, the heat preservation time is 220min, the quenching water temperature is 55 ℃, the temperature of the aging treatment is 170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 200min in the conveying process;
s4: and carrying out X-ray detection on the wheel blank subjected to heat treatment, and then sequentially carrying out machining on the inner surface and the outer surface, drilling air holes and bolt holes by adopting a machine tool to obtain the aluminum alloy wheel.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wheel prepared by the embodiment can reach 442MPa, and the elongation can reach 7%.
Example 2
An aluminum alloy material comprises Al and also comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.2 wt% Si, 0.15 wt% Ti, 0.005 wt% Ce, 0.01 wt% Sb, 0.15 wt% Cr, 0.8 wt% Cu, 2.5 wt% Mg, 0.03 wt% Sn.
The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wheel by using the aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: melting the aluminum alloy material to 730 ℃;
s2: respectively fixing an upper die and a lower die of a wheel die on an upper die frame and a lower die frame of liquid forging equipment, forming a wheel product cavity to be processed between the upper die and the lower die, injecting an aluminum alloy material melted in the step S1 into the wheel die, driving the wheel die by the liquid forging equipment to carry out die assembly and forming, wherein in the forming process, the pressurizing speed is 30mm/S, the specific pressure is 100MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 110S under the pressure to obtain a wheel blank;
s3: conveying the wheel blank to a press machine through a roller way, keeping the temperature of the wheel blank at 400 ℃ through a heating device in the conveying process, placing the wheel blank on a die of the press machine by adopting a manipulator, and removing a central hole of the wheel blank by utilizing the press machine, wherein the pressure of the press machine is 800 tons; conveying the wheel blank without the central hole to a heat treatment furnace through a roller way for heat treatment, namely solid solution treatment and aging treatment, wherein the temperature of the wheel blank is kept at 400 ℃ by a heating device in the conveying process, the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 210min, the quenching water temperature is 50 ℃, the temperature of the aging treatment is 170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 180 min;
s4: and carrying out X-ray detection on the wheel blank subjected to heat treatment, and then sequentially carrying out machining on the inner surface and the outer surface, drilling air holes and bolt holes by adopting a machine tool to obtain the aluminum alloy wheel.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wheel prepared by the embodiment can reach 416MPa, and the elongation can reach 9%.
Example 3
An aluminum alloy material comprises Al and also comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.6 wt% Si, 0.05 wt% Ti, 0.01 wt% Ce, 0.005 wt% Sb, 0.05 wt% Cr, 4 wt% Cu, 1.5 wt% Mg, 0.08 wt% Sn.
The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wheel by using the aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: melting the aluminum alloy material to 700 ℃;
s2: respectively fixing an upper die and a lower die of a wheel die on an upper die frame and a lower die frame of liquid forging equipment, forming a wheel product cavity to be processed between the upper die and the lower die, injecting an aluminum alloy material melted in the step S1 into the wheel die, driving the wheel die by the liquid forging equipment to carry out die assembly and forming, wherein in the forming process, the pressurizing speed is 5mm/S, the specific pressure is 65MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 170S under the pressure to obtain a wheel blank;
s3: conveying the wheel blank to a press machine through a roller way, keeping the temperature of the wheel blank at 420 ℃ through a heating device in the conveying process, placing the wheel blank on a die of the press machine by adopting a manipulator, and removing a central hole of the wheel blank by utilizing the press machine, wherein the pressure of the press machine is 850 tons; conveying the wheel blank without the central hole to a heat treatment furnace through a roller way for heat treatment, namely solid solution treatment and aging treatment, wherein the temperature of the wheel blank is kept at 420 ℃, the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 545 ℃, the heat preservation time is 240min, the quenching water temperature is 60 ℃, the temperature of the aging treatment is 175 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 210 min;
s4: and carrying out X-ray detection on the wheel blank subjected to heat treatment, and then sequentially carrying out machining on the inner surface and the outer surface, drilling air holes and bolt holes by adopting a machine tool to obtain the aluminum alloy wheel.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wheel prepared by the embodiment can reach 413MPa, and the elongation can reach 10%.
Comparative example 1 (different from example 1 in that the content of Si as a component is not within the range defined by the present invention)
An aluminum alloy material comprises Al and also comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2 wt% Si, 0.1 wt% Ti, 0.005 wt% Ce, 0.008 wt% Sb, 0.1 wt% Cr, 2.5 wt% Cu, 2 wt% Mg, 0.05 wt% Sn.
The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wheel by using the aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: melting the aluminum alloy material to 730 ℃;
s2: respectively fixing an upper die and a lower die of a wheel die on an upper die frame and a lower die frame of liquid forging equipment, forming a wheel product cavity to be processed between the upper die and the lower die, injecting an aluminum alloy material melted in the step S1 into the wheel die, driving the wheel die by the liquid forging equipment to carry out die assembly and forming, wherein in the forming process, the pressurizing speed is 20mm/S, the specific pressure is 80MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 140S under the pressure to obtain a wheel blank;
s3: conveying the wheel blank to a press machine through a roller way, keeping the temperature of the wheel blank at 350 ℃ through a heating device in the conveying process, placing the wheel blank on a die of the press machine by adopting a manipulator, and removing a central hole of the wheel blank by utilizing the press machine, wherein the pressure of the press machine is 800 tons; conveying the wheel blank without the central hole to a heat treatment furnace through a roller way for heat treatment, namely solid solution treatment and aging treatment, wherein the temperature of the wheel blank is kept at 350 ℃, the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 545 ℃, the heat preservation time is 220min, the quenching water temperature is 55 ℃, the temperature of the aging treatment is 170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 200min in the conveying process;
s4: and carrying out X-ray detection on the wheel blank subjected to heat treatment, and then sequentially carrying out machining on the inner surface and the outer surface, drilling air holes and bolt holes by adopting a machine tool to obtain the aluminum alloy wheel.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wheel prepared by the comparative example can reach 449MPa, and the elongation can reach 6.6%.
Comparative example 2 (different from example 1 in that the content of Ti as a component is not within the range defined by the present invention)
An aluminum alloy material comprises Al and also comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.4 wt% Si, 0.02 wt% Ti, 0.005 wt% Ce, 0.008 wt% Sb, 0.1 wt% Cr, 2.5 wt% Cu, 2 wt% Mg, 0.05 wt% Sn.
The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wheel by using the aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: melting the aluminum alloy material to 730 ℃;
s2: respectively fixing an upper die and a lower die of a wheel die on an upper die frame and a lower die frame of liquid forging equipment, forming a wheel product cavity to be processed between the upper die and the lower die, injecting an aluminum alloy material melted in the step S1 into the wheel die, driving the wheel die by the liquid forging equipment to carry out die assembly and forming, wherein in the forming process, the pressurizing speed is 20mm/S, the specific pressure is 80MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 140S under the pressure to obtain a wheel blank;
s3: conveying the wheel blank to a press machine through a roller way, keeping the temperature of the wheel blank at 350 ℃ through a heating device in the conveying process, placing the wheel blank on a die of the press machine by adopting a manipulator, and removing a central hole of the wheel blank by utilizing the press machine, wherein the pressure of the press machine is 800 tons; conveying the wheel blank without the central hole to a heat treatment furnace through a roller way for heat treatment, namely solid solution treatment and aging treatment, wherein the temperature of the wheel blank is kept at 350 ℃, the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 545 ℃, the heat preservation time is 220min, the quenching water temperature is 55 ℃, the temperature of the aging treatment is 170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 200min in the conveying process;
s4: and carrying out X-ray detection on the wheel blank subjected to heat treatment, and then sequentially carrying out machining on the inner surface and the outer surface, drilling air holes and bolt holes by adopting a machine tool to obtain the aluminum alloy wheel.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wheel prepared by the comparative example can reach 378MPa, and the elongation can reach 6.9%.
Comparative example 3 (different from example 1 in that the content of Ce component is not in the range defined by the present invention)
An aluminum alloy material comprises Al and also comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.4 wt% Si, 0.1 wt% Ti, 0.02 wt% Ce, 0.008 wt% Sb, 0.1 wt% Cr, 2.5 wt% Cu, 2 wt% Mg, 0.05 wt% Sn.
The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wheel by using the aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: melting the aluminum alloy material to 730 ℃;
s2: respectively fixing an upper die and a lower die of a wheel die on an upper die frame and a lower die frame of liquid forging equipment, forming a wheel product cavity to be processed between the upper die and the lower die, injecting an aluminum alloy material melted in the step S1 into the wheel die, driving the wheel die by the liquid forging equipment to carry out die assembly and forming, wherein in the forming process, the pressurizing speed is 20mm/S, the specific pressure is 80MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 140S under the pressure to obtain a wheel blank;
s3: conveying the wheel blank to a press machine through a roller way, keeping the temperature of the wheel blank at 350 ℃ through a heating device in the conveying process, placing the wheel blank on a die of the press machine by adopting a manipulator, and removing a central hole of the wheel blank by utilizing the press machine, wherein the pressure of the press machine is 800 tons; conveying the wheel blank without the central hole to a heat treatment furnace through a roller way for heat treatment, namely solid solution treatment and aging treatment, wherein the temperature of the wheel blank is kept at 350 ℃, the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 545 ℃, the heat preservation time is 220min, the quenching water temperature is 55 ℃, the temperature of the aging treatment is 170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 200min in the conveying process;
s4: and carrying out X-ray detection on the wheel blank subjected to heat treatment, and then sequentially carrying out machining on the inner surface and the outer surface, drilling air holes and bolt holes by adopting a machine tool to obtain the aluminum alloy wheel.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wheel prepared by the comparative example can reach 382MPa, and the elongation can reach 5.7%.
Comparative example 4 (different from example 1 in that the content of Sb as a component is not within the range defined in the present invention)
An aluminum alloy material comprises Al and also comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.4 wt% Si, 0.1 wt% Ti, 0.005 wt% Ce, 0.001 wt% Sb, 0.1 wt% Cr, 2.5 wt% Cu, 2 wt% Mg, 0.05 wt% Sn.
The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wheel by using the aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: melting the aluminum alloy material to 730 ℃;
s2: respectively fixing an upper die and a lower die of a wheel die on an upper die frame and a lower die frame of liquid forging equipment, forming a wheel product cavity to be processed between the upper die and the lower die, injecting an aluminum alloy material melted in the step S1 into the wheel die, driving the wheel die by the liquid forging equipment to carry out die assembly and forming, wherein in the forming process, the pressurizing speed is 20mm/S, the specific pressure is 80MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 140S under the pressure to obtain a wheel blank;
s3: conveying the wheel blank to a press machine through a roller way, keeping the temperature of the wheel blank at 350 ℃ through a heating device in the conveying process, placing the wheel blank on a die of the press machine by adopting a manipulator, and removing a central hole of the wheel blank by utilizing the press machine, wherein the pressure of the press machine is 800 tons; conveying the wheel blank without the central hole to a heat treatment furnace through a roller way for heat treatment, namely solid solution treatment and aging treatment, wherein the temperature of the wheel blank is kept at 350 ℃, the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 545 ℃, the heat preservation time is 220min, the quenching water temperature is 55 ℃, the temperature of the aging treatment is 170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 200min in the conveying process;
s4: and carrying out X-ray detection on the wheel blank subjected to heat treatment, and then sequentially carrying out machining on the inner surface and the outer surface, drilling air holes and bolt holes by adopting a machine tool to obtain the aluminum alloy wheel.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wheel prepared by the comparative example can reach 388MPa, and the elongation can reach 5.4%.
Comparative example 5 (different from example 1 in that the content of Mg as a component is not within the range defined by the present invention)
An aluminum alloy material comprises Al and also comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.4 wt% Si, 0.1 wt% Ti, 0.005 wt% Ce, 0.008 wt% Sb, 0.1 wt% Cr, 2.5 wt% Cu, 0.5 wt% Mg, 0.05 wt% Sn.
The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wheel by using the aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: melting the aluminum alloy material to 730 ℃;
s2: respectively fixing an upper die and a lower die of a wheel die on an upper die frame and a lower die frame of liquid forging equipment, forming a wheel product cavity to be processed between the upper die and the lower die, injecting an aluminum alloy material melted in the step S1 into the wheel die, driving the wheel die by the liquid forging equipment to carry out die assembly and forming, wherein in the forming process, the pressurizing speed is 20mm/S, the specific pressure is 80MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 140S under the pressure to obtain a wheel blank;
s3: conveying the wheel blank to a press machine through a roller way, keeping the temperature of the wheel blank at 350 ℃ through a heating device in the conveying process, placing the wheel blank on a die of the press machine by adopting a manipulator, and removing a central hole of the wheel blank by utilizing the press machine, wherein the pressure of the press machine is 800 tons; conveying the wheel blank without the central hole to a heat treatment furnace through a roller way for heat treatment, namely solid solution treatment and aging treatment, wherein the temperature of the wheel blank is kept at 350 ℃, the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 545 ℃, the heat preservation time is 220min, the quenching water temperature is 55 ℃, the temperature of the aging treatment is 170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 200min in the conveying process;
s4: and carrying out X-ray detection on the wheel blank subjected to heat treatment, and then sequentially carrying out machining on the inner surface and the outer surface, drilling air holes and bolt holes by adopting a machine tool to obtain the aluminum alloy wheel.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wheel prepared by the comparative example can reach 342MPa, and the elongation can reach 6.9%.
Comparative example 6 (different from example 1 in that it does not contain Sb)
An aluminum alloy material comprises Al and also comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.4 wt% Si, 0.1 wt% Ti, 0.005 wt% Ce, 0.1 wt% Cr, 2.5 wt% Cu, 2 wt% Mg, 0.05 wt% Sn.
The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wheel by using the aluminum alloy material specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: melting the aluminum alloy material to 730 ℃;
s2: respectively fixing an upper die and a lower die of a wheel die on an upper die frame and a lower die frame of liquid forging equipment, forming a wheel product cavity to be processed between the upper die and the lower die, injecting an aluminum alloy material melted in the step S1 into the wheel die, driving the wheel die by the liquid forging equipment to carry out die assembly and forming, wherein in the forming process, the pressurizing speed is 20mm/S, the specific pressure is 80MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 140S under the pressure to obtain a wheel blank;
s3: conveying the wheel blank to a press machine through a roller way, keeping the temperature of the wheel blank at 350 ℃ through a heating device in the conveying process, placing the wheel blank on a die of the press machine by adopting a manipulator, and removing a central hole of the wheel blank by utilizing the press machine, wherein the pressure of the press machine is 800 tons; conveying the wheel blank without the central hole to a heat treatment furnace through a roller way for heat treatment, namely solid solution treatment and aging treatment, wherein the temperature of the wheel blank is kept at 350 ℃, the temperature of the solid solution treatment is 545 ℃, the heat preservation time is 220min, the quenching water temperature is 55 ℃, the temperature of the aging treatment is 170 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 200min in the conveying process;
s4: and carrying out X-ray detection on the wheel blank subjected to heat treatment, and then sequentially carrying out machining on the inner surface and the outer surface, drilling air holes and bolt holes by adopting a machine tool to obtain the aluminum alloy wheel.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy wheel prepared by the comparative example can reach 370MPa, and the elongation can reach 6.7%.
As can be seen from comparative examples 1 to 5, the contents of Si, Mg, Ti, Ce and Sb exceeded the upper or lower limits of the ranges of the design components, resulting in a decrease in both the tensile strength and the elongation of the aluminum alloy wheel; it can be seen from comparative example 6 that the tensile strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy wheel were reduced due to the absence of the component Sb.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. The aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising Al and further comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 1.2-1.6 wt% of Si, 1.5-2.5 wt% of Mg, 0.05-0.15 wt% of Ti, 0.005-0.01 wt% of Ce and 0.005-0.01 wt% of Sb.
2. The aluminum alloy material of claim 1, further comprising, in weight percent: 0.05 to 0.15 wt% of Cr, 0.8 to 4 wt% of Cu, or 0.03 to 0.08 wt% of Sn.
3. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy wheel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: melting the aluminum-alloy material of claim 1 or 2;
s2: performing liquid die forging on the aluminum alloy material melted in the step S1 to obtain a wheel blank;
s3: carrying out center hole removing treatment on the wheel blank, and then carrying out heat treatment; the heat treatment comprises solution treatment and aging treatment;
s4: and carrying out X-ray detection on the wheel blank subjected to the heat treatment, and then machining to obtain the aluminum alloy wheel.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in S2, the liquid forging is carried out by: and (3) injecting the aluminum alloy material melted in the step S1 into a wheel die, driving the wheel die by using liquid forging equipment to carry out die closing and forming, wherein the pressurizing speed is 5-30 mm/S, the specific pressure is 65-100 MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 110-170S under the pressure.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the wheel blank is maintained at 350 to 420 ℃ before the wheel blank is subjected to the center hole removing process in S3.
6. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in S3, the center hole removing process comprises: and removing a center hole of the wheel blank by using a press machine.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the pressure of the press is 800 to 850 tons.
8. The method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the wheel blank is maintained at 350 to 420 ℃ before the heat treatment of the wheel blank in S3.
9. The production method according to claim 3, wherein in S3, the temperature of the solution treatment is 545-550 ℃, the holding time is 210-240 min, and the quenching water temperature is 50-60 ℃.
10. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in S3, the temperature of the aging treatment is 170-175 ℃, and the holding time is 180-210 min.
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