CN112916637B - Aluminum alloy seamless tube semi-perforation extrusion method - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy seamless tube semi-perforation extrusion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112916637B CN112916637B CN202110084089.4A CN202110084089A CN112916637B CN 112916637 B CN112916637 B CN 112916637B CN 202110084089 A CN202110084089 A CN 202110084089A CN 112916637 B CN112916637 B CN 112916637B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of extrusion of aluminum alloy seamless pipes, and relates to a half-piercing extrusion method of an aluminum alloy seamless pipe, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of material preparation, casting, homogenization, concentricity adjustment, extrusion, saw cutting and heat treatment, wherein the diameter of a needle bar of a perforating needle in the extrusion process is 5mm larger than the inner diameter of an aluminum alloy ingot, so that the problems that the yield of extruded aluminum alloy seamless tubes is low due to non-perforating extrusion of the existing hollow ingots and needle breakage accidents occur due to the perforating extrusion of the solid ingots due to the extrusion force da Yi are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of extrusion of aluminum alloy seamless pipes, and relates to a half-piercing extrusion method of an aluminum alloy seamless pipe.
Background
The most used extrusion methods for aluminum alloy seamless pipe extrusion at present are hollow ingot non-perforation extrusion and solid ingot perforation extrusion. The hollow ingot is not punched and extruded, so that punching operation can be avoided, damage to a punching needle in the punching process can be avoided, but the inner surface of an extruded seamless pipe is greatly influenced by the inner surface of the hollow ingot, the extrusion length is short, and the yield is low; solid ingot through-hole extrusion, while a seamless tube with good internal surface can be obtained, ingot length is also limited in view of the equipment capacity of the extruder. When in extrusion, the perforation needles are under the action of larger stress, the extruded section is easy to be eccentric seriously, and the perforation needles are easy to be bent when the extrusion force is overlarge, so that needle breakage accidents are seriously caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a semi-through extrusion method for an aluminum alloy seamless tube, which is used for solving the problems that the yield of the extruded aluminum alloy seamless tube is low due to non-perforation extrusion of the existing hollow ingot, and the needle breakage accident occurs due to the extrusion force da Yi due to perforation extrusion of the solid ingot.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a half-piercing extrusion process for hollow ingots of aluminum alloy seamless tubes comprises the following steps:
A. preparing materials: preparing the aluminum alloy raw material for preparing the aluminum alloy seamless pipe according to the weight percentage;
B. casting: placing the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace to be smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, and casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy hollow ingot after slagging-off and filtering;
C. homogenizing: carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy hollow ingot in a homogenizing furnace, wherein the homogenization heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 540-560 ℃ and preserving the heat for 6-7.5 h;
D. adjusting concentricity: adjusting the concentricity of an extrusion cylinder, an extrusion die and a perforation needle on an extruder, wherein the concentricity is less than 0.8mm, heating the extrusion die to 450-500 ℃, heating the perforation needle to 400-450 ℃, transferring the perforation needle into the extrusion cylinder and the extrusion die, adjusting the position of the extrusion cylinder and the position of a die seat, accurately centering, and ensuring that the wall thickness of each part of the processed seamless tube is the same;
E. extruding: in the extrusion preparation stage, the perforating needle, the extrusion die and the hollow cushion are respectively heated, after the temperature reaches the requirement of operating the machine, the aluminum alloy hollow cast ingot is heated, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is 460-520 ℃, the diameter of the needle rod of the perforating needle is 5mm larger than the inner diameter of the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and after the extrusion is finished, the seamless tube is air-cooled and then is subjected to off-line quenching;
F. sawing: sawing and cutting the extruded seamless tube finished product to length;
G. and (3) heat treatment: and (3) carrying out quenching aging heat treatment on the seamless pipe subjected to sizing and sawing, wherein the quenching temperature is 535 +/-3 ℃, the quenching time is 60min, the aging temperature is 175 +/-5 ℃, and the aging time is 8h.
Further, the aluminum alloy raw material in the step A is 6061 aluminum alloy.
Further, the inner diameter of the aluminum alloy ingot after smelting and casting in the step B is 220mm, the outer diameter of the aluminum alloy cast rod is 370mm, and the length of the cast rod is 600mm.
And furthermore, the extruding machine in the step D is a 5500T double-acting extruding machine, and the breakthrough pressure of the extruding machine is less than or equal to 23MPa.
Further, in the step D, the diameter of the needle rod of the perforating needle is 225mm, the length of the needle rod of the perforating needle is 1865mm, the diameter of the needle point of the perforating needle is slightly smaller than the diameter of the needle rod of the perforating needle, the length of the needle point of the perforating needle is 76mm, the diameter of the threaded shaft of the needle rod of the perforating needle at the rear end of the needle rod of the perforating needle is 140mm, the length of the threaded shaft of the needle rod of the perforating needle is 204mm, external threads are arranged outside the threaded shaft of the needle rod of the perforating needle, and the threaded shaft of the needle rod of the perforating needle with the external threads is connected with the support of the extruding machine to keep the independent movement of the whole perforating needle.
And E, spraying a small amount of boron nitride on the hollow pad and the extrusion rod respectively to prevent the aluminum alloy solid ingot from being adhered to the hollow pad and the hollow pad from being adhered to the extrusion rod.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the semi-perforation extrusion method for the aluminum alloy seamless tube, the inner diameter of the cast ingot required by the semi-perforation extrusion is small, the cast ingot boring process is simplified, the working hours are saved, and the production cost is reduced. Compared with solid ingot perforation extrusion during semi-perforation extrusion, the extrusion force is reduced, the damage to a perforation needle during extrusion is reduced, the extrusion accidents are reduced, and the extrusion device has a better protection effect. Semi-perforated extrusion can improve the quality of the inner surface of the extruded product. During extrusion, the metal with dirt and brittle oxide film on the inner surface of the cast ingot is pushed out of the die hole by the perforating needle and accumulated at the head end of the product, so that the extruded product with smooth inner surface is produced.
2. The aluminum alloy seamless tube semi-perforation extrusion method disclosed by the invention can make up for the defects of non-perforation extrusion of hollow ingots and perforation extrusion of solid ingots, obtain seamless tubes with good inner surfaces, reduce extrusion force, use longer ingot blanks, increase extrusion length and improve production efficiency and yield.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art non-perforation extrusion process for a hollow ingot of an aluminum alloy seamless tube;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a solid ingot piercing extrusion process of an aluminum alloy seamless tube in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a semi-piercing extrusion process of a hollow ingot of an aluminum alloy seamless tube according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention, shown in the drawings are schematic representations and not in the form of actual drawings; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Seamless tubes with an outer diameter of 230mm, an inner diameter of 208mm and a wall thickness of 11mm, alloyed 6061 alloy, with a piercing pin diameter of 225mm were extruded through a 5500T double action extruder.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a non-perforation extrusion process of a hollow aluminum alloy tube ingot in the prior art, the inner diameter of the aluminum alloy ingot after smelting and casting is 230mm, the outer diameter of an aluminum alloy cast rod is 370mm, the length of the cast rod is 600mm, the diameter of a perforating needle rod is 225mm, the length of the perforating needle rod is 1865mm, the front end of the perforating needle rod is in threaded connection with a perforating needle point, the diameter of the perforating needle point is slightly smaller than the diameter of the perforating needle rod, the length of the perforating needle point is 76mm, the diameter of a perforating needle rod thread shaft at the rear end of the perforating needle rod is 140mm, the length of the perforating needle rod thread shaft is 204mm, an external thread is arranged outside the perforating needle rod thread shaft, and the perforating needle rod thread shaft with the external thread is in supporting connection with an extruder to keep the independent movement of the whole perforating needle.
When the perforation needle perforates and extrudes, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is 460-520 ℃, the heating temperature of the extrusion die is 450-500 ℃, and the heating temperature of the perforation needle is 400-450 ℃; the breakthrough pressure of the extruder reaches 21MPa, the inner surface of the extruded aluminum alloy seamless tube is seriously scalded, and the perforation needles are irregularly bonded with aluminum after the extrusion is finished, and the main reason is that the cast ingot after boring is subjected to homogenization annealing, and the inner surface forms a thick and hard brittle oxidation film.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a solid ingot perforation extrusion process of an aluminum alloy seamless tube in the prior art, the outer diameter of a solid aluminum alloy cast rod after smelting and casting is 370mm, the length of the cast rod is 400mm, the diameter of a needle rod of a perforating needle is 225mm, the length of the needle rod of the perforating needle is 1865mm, the front end of the needle rod of the perforating needle is in threaded connection with a needle point of the perforating needle, the diameter of the needle point of the perforating needle is slightly smaller than the diameter of the needle rod of the perforating needle, the length of the needle point of the perforating needle is 76mm, the diameter of a thread shaft of the needle rod of the perforating needle at the rear end of the needle rod of the perforating needle is 140mm, the length of the thread shaft of the perforating needle is 204mm, an external thread is arranged outside the thread shaft of the perforating needle rod, and the thread shaft of the perforating needle rod with the external thread is connected with an extruder support to keep the independent motion of the whole perforating needle.
When the perforation needle perforates and extrudes, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is 460-520 ℃, the heating temperature of the extrusion die is 450-500 ℃, and the heating temperature of the perforation needle is 400-450 ℃; as the perforating needle is extruded in the solid cast ingot, the breakthrough pressure of the extruder reaches a full pressure state, namely the breakthrough pressure of the extruder reaches 30MPa, the pressure build-up phenomenon occurs at the final upsetting stage, the inner surface of the extruded aluminum alloy seamless tube is good along with the extrusion, the perforating needle slightly bends and deforms after horizontal calibration, the tube is eccentric when the extrusion is continued, and the perforating needle needs to be replaced for continuous extrusion.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a semi-piercing extrusion process of a hollow ingot of an aluminum alloy seamless tube, which comprises the following steps:
A. preparing materials: the 6061 aluminum alloy raw material for preparing the aluminum alloy seamless pipe is proportioned according to the weight percentage;
B. casting: placing the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace to be smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy hollow ingot after slagging-off and filtering, wherein the inner diameter of the aluminum alloy ingot after smelting casting is 220mm, the outer diameter of an aluminum alloy cast rod is 370mm, and the length of the cast rod is 600mm;
C. homogenizing: carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy cast ingot in a homogenizing furnace, wherein the homogenization heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 540-560 ℃ and preserving the heat for 6-7.5 h;
D. adjusting concentricity: adjusting the concentricity of an extrusion cylinder, an extrusion die and a perforation needle on a 5500T double-acting extruder, wherein the breakthrough pressure of the extruder is less than or equal to 23MPa, the concentricity is less than 0.8mm, the extrusion die is heated to 450-500 ℃, the perforation needle is heated to 400-450 ℃, the perforation needle is transmitted into the extrusion cylinder and the extrusion die, the position of the extrusion cylinder and the position of a die seat are adjusted, accurate centering is realized, and the wall thickness of each part of the processed seamless tube is ensured to be the same; the diameter of a needle bar of the perforating needle is 225mm, the length of the needle bar is 1865mm, the diameter of the needle point of the perforating needle is slightly smaller than the diameter of the needle bar of the perforating needle, the length of the needle point of the perforating needle is 76mm, the diameter of a thread shaft of the needle bar of the perforating needle at the rear end of the needle bar of the perforating needle is 140mm, the length of the thread shaft of the needle bar of the perforating needle is 204mm, external threads are arranged outside the thread shaft of the perforating needle bar, and the thread shaft of the perforating needle bar with the external threads is in supporting connection with an extruder to keep the independent movement of the whole perforating needle;
E. extruding: in the extrusion preparation stage, the perforating needle, the extrusion die and the hollow pad are respectively heated, after the temperature reaches the requirement of operating the machine, the aluminum alloy hollow cast ingot is heated, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is 460-520 ℃, the diameter of the needle rod of the perforating needle is 5mm larger than the inner diameter of the aluminum alloy cast ingot, after the extrusion is finished, the seamless tube is air-cooled and then is subjected to off-line quenching, and in order to prevent the aluminum alloy solid cast ingot from adhering to the hollow pad and the hollow pad from adhering to the extrusion rod, a small amount of boron nitride is respectively sprayed on the hollow pad and the extrusion rod;
F. sawing: sawing and cutting the extruded seamless tube finished product to length;
G. and (3) heat treatment: and (3) carrying out quenching aging heat treatment on the seamless pipe subjected to fixed-length saw cutting, wherein the quenching temperature is 535 +/-3 ℃, the quenching time is 60min, the aging temperature is 175 +/-5 ℃, and the aging time is 8h.
When the perforation needle perforates and extrudes, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is 460-520 ℃, the heating temperature of the extrusion die is 450-500 ℃, and the heating temperature of the perforation needle is 400-450 ℃; the breakthrough pressure of the extruder reaches 23MPa, the diameter of the pin rod of the perforation pin is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the aluminum alloy cast rod, impurities on the inner surface of the aluminum alloy cast rod can be extruded and pushed out when the extruder drives the pin rod of the perforation pin to extrude the aluminum alloy cast rod, the inner surface of the extruded aluminum alloy cast rod is smooth, the extrusion force of the extruder is not increased greatly relative to the extrusion without perforation of a hollow ingot, and the size of the pipe meets the standard requirements of GBT 4436-2012 aluminum and aluminum alloy pipe shape size and allowable deviation after stretching and straightening. And after extrusion is finished, the perforating needle is smooth and is not stuck with aluminum, and the perforating needle is not unstable after horizontal calibration.
The extrusion effect of the 3 extrusion modes is as follows: the non-perforation extrusion of the hollow ingot and the perforation extrusion of the solid ingot are adopted, the production effect is not ideal, the yield is low, the semi-perforation extrusion process of the hollow ingot adopts a semi-perforation extrusion method that the cast ingot with the inner diameter of 220mm is matched with a perforation needle with the diameter of 225mm, and the inner diameter of the cast ingot is smaller than the diameter of the perforation needle. The extrusion mode can simultaneously make up the defects of non-perforation extrusion of the hollow ingot and perforation extrusion of the solid ingot.
Compared with a hollow ingot without perforation and extrusion: the inner diameter of the cast ingot is smaller, the cost and the working time are saved in the boring process, and the requirement on the quality of the boring is lower; during extrusion, the perforating needle is pushed forward to push the metal with the brittle oxide film attached to the inner surface of the hollow cast ingot after boring out of the die hole and gather at the head end of an extruded product, so that the produced finished pipe has a good inner surface. And the diameter of the inner hole of the cast ingot can be adjusted according to the extrusion force, the smaller the inner hole of the cast ingot is, the longer the length of the extruded product is, the longer the seamless pipe with fixed length can be obtained, and the efficiency of the finished product is improved.
Compared with solid ingot perforation extrusion: the solid ingot is only suitable for extruding soft aluminum alloy, the rod length is limited, the accidents of extrusion immobility and needle breakage often occur to the longer ingot, only the short rod length can be selected, and the longer ingot blank can be selected to the hollow ingot. During upsetting, the extrusion force is reduced, the phenomenon that the punch pin is not extruded due to overlarge punching force is avoided, and the smaller extrusion force has a better protection effect on the stability and the strength of the punch pin and the extrusion equipment.
Therefore, in the production process, a semi-perforation extrusion method that the cast ingot with the inner diameter of 220mm and the perforation needle with the diameter of 225mm are matched is selected, when the seamless pipe is extruded, a remarkable extrusion effect is obtained, and the quality and the yield of the extruded product are improved.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The aluminum alloy seamless tube semi-perforation extrusion method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. preparing materials: preparing the aluminum alloy raw material for preparing the aluminum alloy seamless pipe according to the weight percentage;
B. casting: placing the prepared aluminum alloy raw material into a smelting furnace to be smelted into liquid aluminum alloy, and casting the liquid aluminum alloy into an aluminum alloy hollow ingot after slagging-off and filtering;
C. homogenizing: carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the aluminum alloy hollow ingot in a homogenizing furnace, wherein the homogenization heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 540-560 ℃ and preserving the heat for 6-7.5 h;
D. adjusting concentricity: adjusting the concentricity of an extrusion cylinder, an extrusion die and a perforation needle on an extruder, wherein the concentricity is less than 0.8mm, heating the extrusion die to 450-500 ℃, heating the perforation needle to 400-450 ℃, transferring the perforation needle into the extrusion cylinder and the extrusion die, adjusting the position of the extrusion cylinder and the position of a die seat, accurately centering, and ensuring that the wall thickness of each part of the processed seamless tube is the same;
E. extruding: in the extrusion preparation stage, the perforating needle, the extrusion die and the hollow cushion are respectively heated, after the temperature reaches the requirement of operating the machine, the aluminum alloy hollow cast ingot is heated, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy cast ingot is 460-520 ℃, the diameter of the needle rod of the perforating needle is 5mm larger than the inner diameter of the aluminum alloy cast ingot, and after the extrusion is finished, the seamless tube is air-cooled and then is subjected to off-line quenching;
F. sawing: cutting the extruded seamless tube finished product into length and saw;
G. and (3) heat treatment: and (3) carrying out quenching aging heat treatment on the seamless pipe subjected to sizing and sawing, wherein the quenching temperature is 535 +/-3 ℃, the quenching time is 60min, the aging temperature is 175 +/-5 ℃, and the aging time is 8h.
2. The aluminum alloy seamless tube half-through extrusion method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy raw material in step a is 6061 aluminum alloy.
3. The aluminum alloy seamless tube semi-piercing extrusion method according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum alloy ingot after the melt casting in step B has an inner diameter of 220mm, an outer diameter of an aluminum alloy cast rod of 370mm, and a length of the cast rod of 600mm.
4. The aluminum alloy seamless tube half-piercing extrusion method according to claim 3, wherein the extruder in step D is a 5500T double-action extruder, and the breakthrough pressure of the extruder is 23MPa or less.
5. The aluminum alloy seamless tube half-piercing extrusion method according to claim 4, wherein in step D, the diameter of the piercing needle shank is 225mm, the length is 1865mm, the length of the piercing needle tip is 76mm, the diameter of the piercing needle shank threaded shaft at the rear end of the piercing needle shank is 140mm, the length is 204mm, external threads are provided outside the piercing needle shank threaded shaft, and the piercing needle shank threaded shaft with the external threads is in supporting connection with the extruder to maintain the independent movement of the entire piercing needle.
6. The aluminum alloy seamless tube semi-piercing extrusion method according to claim 5, wherein in step E, in order to prevent the aluminum alloy solid ingot from adhering to the hollow pad and the hollow pad from adhering to the extrusion rod, a small amount of boron nitride is sprayed on the hollow pad and the extrusion rod, respectively.
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| CN103602863B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-09-02 | 辽宁忠旺集团有限公司 | A kind of technique of producing Thin-walled Aluminum conjunction tubing |
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