CN112903229A - Loading device and loading method - Google Patents
Loading device and loading method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112903229A CN112903229A CN201811580492.0A CN201811580492A CN112903229A CN 112903229 A CN112903229 A CN 112903229A CN 201811580492 A CN201811580492 A CN 201811580492A CN 112903229 A CN112903229 A CN 112903229A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a loading device and a loading method, wherein the device sequentially comprises the following components from a near end to a far end: the device comprises an air cannon, an incident rod, a flange plate, a loading amplifier and a structural sample; at a proximal end of the entrance bar, the entrance bar is opposite the air cannon; a bullet is arranged in the air cannon; at the far end of the incident rod, the incident rod is connected with the loading amplifier through the flange plate; the loading amplifier is in a shape of a circular truncated cone and comprises a first end and a second end, the diameter of an opening of the first end is smaller than that of an opening of the second end, the first end is connected with the flange plate, and the second end is in contact with the structural sample; wherein the incident rod is impacted by the bullet fired from the air cannon, a strain pulse is generated in the incident rod, and the strain pulse is transmitted into the structural sample along the incident rod and the loading amplifier so as to load the structural sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mechanical impact performance testing technology, in particular to a loading device and a loading method.
Background
In the fields of aerospace, transportation, ships, weapons and the like, the change of performance parameters of a structural body of a certain system and a loading part of the structural body need to be tested under the action of a high overload environment, particularly the safety and reliability under the high overload environment. However, if the structure level experiment is performed according to the actual situation and conditions, the labor, material and financial resources are usually greatly consumed, and the efficiency is extremely low, so that the simulation experiment is often performed in the actual situation. The conventional high overload simulation test methods mainly include a drop impact test method, a Marshall hammering test method, a Hopkinson (Hopkinson) rod test, an air cannon simulation test method and the like.
The pulse amplitude of the traditional Hopkinson bar experiment method is large in magnitude and can reach 1 x 105g, the duration is short and is dozens of microseconds; compared with the traditional Hopkinson bar test method, the pulse amplitude of the air cannon simulation test method is relatively low, and is generally 1 x 105g, below, but with a duration on the order of hundreds of microseconds, long compared to the traditional Hopkinson rod experimental method. The traditional Hopkinson bar experiment method is mainly used for impact examination of small-volume objects, and the air cannon simulation experiment method can be used for examination of relatively large-volume objects.
Due to the limitation of the caliber size of the air cannon, the structural sample with the size larger than the caliber of the air cannon is difficult to carry out high G value loading, so that the prior art can only carry out high G value loading experiments on tiny samples generally, and therefore, an improved technical means is needed to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a loading device and a loading method, and aims to solve the problem that a large-size structural sample cannot be subjected to high overload loading in the prior art.
In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a loading device, which includes, in order from a proximal end to a distal end: the device comprises an air cannon, an incident rod, a flange plate, a loading amplifier and a structural sample;
at a proximal end of the entrance bar, the entrance bar is opposite the air cannon; wherein, a bullet is arranged in the air cannon;
at the far end of the incident rod, the incident rod is connected with the loading amplifier through the flange plate; the loading amplifier is in a shape of a circular truncated cone and comprises a first end and a second end, the diameter of an opening of the first end is smaller than that of an opening of the second end, the first end is connected with the flange plate, and the second end is in contact with the structural sample;
wherein the incident rod is impacted by the bullet fired from the air cannon, a strain pulse is generated in the incident rod, and the strain pulse is transmitted into the structural sample along the incident rod and the loading amplifier so as to load the structural sample.
Wherein, the incident rod, the amplifier and the sample are coaxially arranged, and the incident rod, the amplifier and the structural sample freely move only in the axial direction.
The near end of the incident rod is connected with the cushion block, and the outer surface of the cushion block is connected with the shaping sheet; the shaping sheet is used for shaping the strain pulse generated after the incident rod is impacted so as to generate a semi-sinusoidal strain pulse.
Wherein the material of the bullet, the incident rod and the loading amplifier is the same.
Wherein the inner diameter of the bullet is the same as the inner diameter of the incident rod, and the outer diameter of the bullet is the same as the outer diameter of the incident rod; the cross-sectional area of the first end of the load amplifier is the same as the cross-sectional area of the second end.
Wherein the cross-sectional area of each cross-section between the first end to the second end of the load amplifier is the same.
The bullet is tubular, a plurality of annular bullet supports are arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the bullet, and the outer diameter of each bullet support is smaller than the inner diameter of the air cannon.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a loading method is further provided, which includes:
the following components are arranged from the near end to the far end in sequence: the device comprises an air cannon, an incident rod, a flange plate, a loading amplifier and a structural sample; wherein, a bullet is arranged in the air cannon;
the bullet is fired from the air cannon and impacts the proximal end of the entrance rod, creating a strain pulse within the entrance rod;
the strain pulse is transmitted into the structural sample through the entrance rod and the loading amplifier, so that the structural sample is loaded.
Wherein, the incident rod, the amplifier and the sample are coaxially arranged, and the incident rod, the amplifier and the structural sample freely move only in the axial direction.
The bullet, the incident rod and the loading amplifier are made of the same material, and the cross sections of the bullet, the incident rod and the loading amplifier are equal in sectional area.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the loading amplifier is arranged between the incident rod and the large-sized structural sample, so that the strain pulse can be transmitted into the large-sized structural sample from the incident rod with a smaller size, and the high overload loading of the large-sized structural sample is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a loading device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an entrance bar according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a spacer block according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a load amplifier according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of the load amplifier taken along section line 5A-5A shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the load amplifier taken along section line 5B-5B shown in FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a loading method according to an embodiment of the present application.
[ notation ] to show
10 loading device
11 air cannon
12 bullets
13 bullet holder
14 shaping sheet
15 cushion block
16 incident rod
17 flange plate
18 load amplifier
19 structural sample
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a loading device which can be used for an experimental device for responding to a large-scale structural sample under high overload.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view, i.e., a schematic view in axial section, of a loading device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the loading device 10 includes, in order from the proximal end to the distal end: the air cannon 11, the bullet 12, the sabot 13, the shaping sheet 14, the cushion block 15, the incident rod 16, the flange 17, the loading amplifier 18 and the structural sample 19, and the structure and the connection relationship of the lattice components are described in detail below.
The air cannon 11 is in a shape of a circular tube and has a certain length. The air cannon 11 is provided with a bullet 12 and a sabot 13 therein, and the air cannon 11 is used for generating high-pressure gas and shooting the bullet 12 therein from an outlet so as to hit an incident rod 16. Air cannon 11 includes a proximal end and a distal end, i.e., a proximal end at the bullet entrance and a distal end at the bullet exit.
It should be noted that only a portion of air cannon 11, i.e., a portion of the barrel, is shown in fig. 1, which in some of the descriptions herein refers to the barrel of the air cannon. Further, a firing device, a high-pressure air chamber, and the like (not shown) are provided in this order at the bullet entrance of the air cannon 11. The high-pressure air chamber is used for storing high-pressure air, for example, gases such as helium, nitrogen and the like are used as a power source, and the high-pressure air can be filled into the high-pressure air chamber by an air compressor; the launching device is used for releasing high-pressure gas stored in the high-pressure gas chamber, so that power for launching the bullet holder 13 and the bullet 12 is generated.
The bullet 12 is tubular, and can be made of titanium alloy, and its (axial) length can be 2.5m, for example, and is made of the same material as the incident rod 16, and the inner and outer diameters of the bullet 12 and the incident rod 16 are the same, that is, the radial cross-sectional areas of the bullet 12 and the incident rod 16 are the same, so as to satisfy the same wave impedance. Since the wave impedance of the material is equal to the product of the density, the wave velocity and the sectional area of the material, and the density and the wave velocity are the inherent properties of the material, the material and the sectional area of the bullet 12 and the incident rod 16 are the same, and the wave impedance of the bullet and the incident rod can be ensured to be consistent.
A plurality of round-shaped cradles 12 are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the bullet 13, and as shown in fig. 1, 2 cradles 12 are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the bullet 13. The inner diameter of the bullet holder 12 is the same as the outer diameter of the bullet 12, so that the bullet holder 12 can be tightly sleeved on the outer surface of the bullet 13, and when the bullet 13 is launched, the bullet holder 12 and the bullet 13 can move together. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the sabot 12 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the air cannon 11, so that the sabot 12 and the air cannon 11 are in close contact with each other. When the sabot 12 is loaded into the cavity of the air cannon 11 with the cartridge 13, there is a 0.5mm gap between the outer surface of the sabot 12 and the inner surface of the air cannon 11. In practical applications, the cartridge holder 13 may be made of teflon.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an incident rod, i.e., a schematic view in axial section. Referring to fig. 2, the entrance rod 16 is tubular and can be made of titanium alloy, i.e. the same material as the bullet 12 and the entrance rod 16. In one embodiment, the entrance rod 16 has an outer diameter of 150mm and an inner diameter of 130mm, and a (axial) length of 7 m. When the bullet 12 is fired by the air cannon 11, the bullet 12 shoots out of the barrel and strikes the entrance rod 16, propagating a strain pulse signal by impact. Because the bullet 12 and the incident rod 16 are both tubular (non-solid), and because the sectional area of the tubular is smaller than that of a column with the same outer diameter, when two tubular structures (the bullet 12 and the incident rod 16) are axially impacted, the two tubular structures may not be coaxial in the actual process, so that the contact effect between the two annular sections is not good, and the impact surfaces are not completely attached in the impacting process of the two tubular structures. A spacer 15 is attached to the proximal end of the incident rod 16 (i.e., the end facing the air cannon 11) to increase the probability of two faces coming into contact. Specifically, a thread is formed on the inner circumferential surface of the proximal end of the incident rod 16 for screw-coupling with the spacer 15.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the spacer, i.e., a schematic view in axial section. Referring to fig. 3, the outer circumferential surface of the spacer 15 is stepped, and a screw thread connected to the incident rod 16 is formed on the cylindrical surface of a small-diameter portion of the spacer 15. Figuratively speaking, the spacer 15 may be considered as a plug that closes the opening at the proximal end of the entrance rod 16.
When bullet 12 is fired by air cannon 11, bullet 12 strikes an entrance rod 16, which produces a strain pulse within entrance rod 16. In order to generate a half-sinusoidal strain pulse or an approximately half-sinusoidal strain pulse, the strain pulse signal needs to be shaped. In this embodiment, a shaping sheet is connected to the outer end face of the cushion block 15, the shaping sheet 14 is in a shape of a flat cylinder and can be made of oxygen-free copper, and the shaping sheet 14 is adhered to the outer end face of the cushion block 15 so as to obtain an acceleration signal to load the structural sample in a half sine wave form.
The far end of the air cannon 11 is opposite to the near end of the incident rod 16, and specifically, the far end of the air cannon 11 is spaced from the outer end face of the shaping sheet 14 by 30mm to 50 mm. When the incident rod 16 is struck by a bullet, a strain pulse is generated in the incident rod 16, and the strain pulse propagates from the proximal end to the distal end of the incident rod 16.
With continued reference to FIG. 1, a loading amplifier 18 is connected to the distal end of the entrance rod 16, and a structural specimen 19 is connected to the other end of the loading amplifier 18. That is, the input rod 16 and the structural specimen 19 are connected by the loading amplifier 18, and the loading amplifier 18 transmits a strain pulse of the input rod 16 into the structural specimen 19 to load the structural specimen 19. Specifically, a thread is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the distal end of the incident rod 16 for screwing with a flange 17, and the flange 17 is connected with a load amplifier 18.
In the present application, the structural sample 19 is a large structural test piece, and the structural test piece 19 is tubular in shape and has a caliber size larger than that of the air cannon (and the incident rod).
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the load amplifier, i.e., a schematic view in axial section. Referring to fig. 4, the loading amplifier 18 is in the shape of a truncated cone, which may also be referred to visually as a horn. In particular, the load amplifier 18 is a tubular hollow inside, with a circular ring shape in cross-section, made of a titanium alloy, and with a (axial) length of, for example, 3 m. The loading amplifier 18 includes a first end at a proximal end and a second end at a distal end, i.e., the first end is a narrow-mouthed end and the second end is a wide-mouthed end. Referring to fig. 5A and 5B, in the embodiment, the sectional area of the wide-mouth end of the load amplifier 18 is the same as that of the narrow-mouth end, since the sections of the wide-mouth end and the narrow-mouth end are both circular rings, that is, the circular rings have the same area. As shown in fig. 4, the wall thickness of the load amplifier 18 is reduced from the narrow-mouth end to the wide-mouth end or linearly reduced, so that the cross-sectional area of the wide-mouth end is the same as that of the narrow-mouth end. In another embodiment of the present application, the load amplifier 18 satisfies that each cross section has the same area, that is, a cross section is taken from the narrow end to the wide end of the load amplifier 18, and the area of the cross section is the same as the cross section of the wide end and the cross section of the narrow end, in which case, the wall thickness of the load amplifier 18 may not be linearly reduced from the narrow end to the wide end.
The narrow end of the loading amplifier 18 has the same inner and outer diameters as the incident rod 16, and the wide end has the same inner and outer diameters as the structural sample 19. The external surface of the port at the narrow end of the loading amplifier 18 is threaded for threaded connection with the flange 17. Through the loading amplifier of this application, as the wave conduction media between incident rod and the large-scale structure sample, can be with in the great structure test piece of size is gone into to the pulse of meeting an emergency from the less incident rod of size.
The air cannon 11, the incident rod 16, the amplifier 18 and the structural test piece 19 are coaxially arranged in sequence, wherein the incident rod 16, the amplifier 18 and the structural test piece 19 have freedom only in the axial direction thereof, namely, can freely move only in the axial direction.
The approximately half-sinusoidal compressive strain pulse generated in the entrance rod 16 propagates axially along the entrance rod and is transmitted through the amplifier 18 into the structural test piece 19. Due to the fact that wave impedances of the bullet, the incident rod 16 and the loading amplifier are consistent, half-sine acceleration pulses with high amplitude and long pulse width can be generated in the test piece, and therefore high-G value loading is conducted on the structural test piece 19.
Wherein the incident rod is impacted by the bullet fired from the air cannon, a strain pulse is generated in the incident rod, and the strain pulse is transmitted into the structural sample along the incident rod and the loading amplifier so as to load the structural sample.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a loading method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, the method includes the following steps:
step S602, sequentially setting from the proximal end to the distal end: the device comprises an air cannon, an incident rod, a flange plate, a loading amplifier and a structural sample; wherein, a bullet is arranged in the air cannon;
step S604, the bullet is fired from the air cannon and impacts the proximal end of the incident rod, generating a strain pulse within the incident rod;
and step S606, transmitting the strain pulse into the structural sample through the incident rod and the loading amplifier so as to load the structural sample.
Details of the above-described processes are described in detail below.
Step 1: and (5) building a loading device.
The method comprises the following steps that an air cannon, an incident rod, an amplifier and a structural test piece are coaxially and sequentially arranged on an experiment table, so that the latter three parts can freely move only in the axis direction, wherein the incident rod is connected with the amplifier through a flange plate, a cushion block is in threaded connection with the incident rod, and a shaping sheet is coaxially adhered to the cushion block; the bullet is loaded in the barrel of the air cannon, a structural sample is installed at the wide-mouth end of the amplifier, and one end of the structural sample is in contact with the end face of the wide-mouth.
Step 2: and mounting an acceleration sensor and adhering a strain gauge.
Divide into two sets ofly with the foil gage, respectively the symmetry paste in incident pole with on the outer circumferential surface of structure sample, every group foil gage all includes two foil gages, and the parameter of two sets of foil gages is the same completely, and the foil gage measuring direction should be the same with the axis direction of pasting incident pole and structure test piece. And connecting the strain gauge lead into a Wheatstone bridge. Meanwhile, the output signal of the Wheatstone bridge is connected to a super dynamic strain gauge in a stress wave signal acquisition system by adopting a BNC data line. Installing an acceleration sensor at the tail end of a structural sample, and connecting a lead of the acceleration sensor into a charge amplifier in an acceleration signal acquisition system; the lead wires of the ultra-dynamic strain gauge and the charge amplifier are connected into a detection oscilloscope and a waveform memory, and then are connected with the waveform memory and a computer through a BNC data wire.
And step 3: loading experiment and data acquisition.
The bullet is loaded into a barrel of an air cannon through a bullet support, the barrel is quickly launched out through compressed air, a cushion block connected with one end of an incident rod is coaxially impacted, a pressure-strain pulse similar to a half-sine shape is generated in the incident rod through shaping of a shaping sheet pasted on the cushion block, the pressure-strain pulse is axially propagated along the incident rod, and then the pressure-strain pulse is transmitted into a structural test piece through an amplifier and carries out high-G value loading on the structural test piece.
The stress wave signal acquisition system records and stores the bridge arm voltage change of the Wheatstone; the acceleration sensor amplifies the measured acceleration signal by the charge amplifier and then transmits the amplified acceleration signal to the detection oscilloscope, the waveform memory and the computer for recording and storing.
In the loading process, the bullet is emitted by the air cannon and coaxially impacts the cushion block connected with one end of the incident rod, a compressive strain pulse epsilon (t) is generated in the incident rod and longitudinally propagates along the incident rod, and then the compressive strain pulse epsilon (t) is transmitted into the structural test piece through the amplifier to load the structural test piece. By shaping the shaping plate, the loading pulse can be shaped to approximate a half-sinusoidal acceleration pulse. And adhering strain gauges on the surfaces of the incident rod and the structural test piece for measuring stress wave signals thereon. The strain gauge is connected with the Wheatstone bridge, strain signals in the strain gauge are converted into bridge arm voltage changes of the Wheatstone bridge, the data acquisition unit is connected with the Wheatstone bridge through signal lines, and the stress wave signal acquisition system records and stores the bridge arm voltage changes of the Wheatstone bridge. The design of the amplifier needs to ensure that the wave impedance of the amplifier is consistent with that of the incident rod so as to reduce the attenuation of stress wave signals. The wave impedance of the material is equal to the product of the density, the wave velocity and the sectional area of the material, and the density and the wave velocity are inherent properties of the material, so that the material of the amplifier and the incident rod and the sectional area of the connecting part are the same, and the wave impedance of the amplifier and the incident rod can be kept consistent. The acceleration sensor is arranged at the tail end of the structural test piece, when the strain pulse is transmitted to the interface of the structural test piece and the acceleration sensor, if the mass of the acceleration sensor is negligible, the velocity of an interface particle can be obtained by a one-dimensional stress wave theory as follows:
v1(t)＝2cε(t)
wherein: c represents the wave velocity of the structural test piece.
The acceleration of the interface particles is:
if the sensitivity coefficient of the sensor to be detected is S, the gain of the charge amplifier is K, and the amplitude of the output voltage is U, the acceleration value measured by the acceleration sensor is as follows:
a2(t)＝U(t)/(SK)
the speed values are:
the operation steps of the method of the present invention correspond to the structural features of the device, and may be referred to one another, and are not described in detail.
The application combines the Hopkinson bar test mode with the air cannon simulation test mode, and can realize the generation of the half-sine acceleration pulse with high amplitude and long pulse width in a test piece. The method and the device can realize high G value and long pulse loading test simulation of large-scale structural test pieces, such as high overload simulation of rocket shells. In addition, compare modes such as traditional artillery or explosion near field simulation, this application has advantages such as good reproducibility, with low costs, safe and reliable, transmission energy are clean.
The invention has stronger universality, can test large structural members with various sizes by replacing amplifiers with different sizes, has wide range of initial speed for launching test bullets and good adjustability, and can launch bullets with various shapes and materials.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A loading device, comprising, in order from a proximal end to a distal end: the device comprises an air cannon, an incident rod, a flange plate, a loading amplifier and a structural sample;
at a proximal end of the entrance bar, the entrance bar is opposite the air cannon; wherein, a bullet is arranged in the air cannon;
at the far end of the incident rod, the incident rod is connected with the loading amplifier through the flange plate; the loading amplifier is in a shape of a circular truncated cone and comprises a first end and a second end, the diameter of an opening of the first end is smaller than that of an opening of the second end, the first end is connected with the flange plate, and the second end is in contact with the structural sample;
wherein the incident rod is impacted by the bullet fired from the air cannon, a strain pulse is generated in the incident rod, and the strain pulse is transmitted into the structural sample along the incident rod and the loading amplifier so as to load the structural sample.
2. The loading device of claim 1, wherein the entrance rod, the amplifier, and the sample are coaxially disposed, and the entrance rod, the amplifier, and the structural sample are free to move only in an axial direction.
3. The loading device according to claim 1, wherein the proximal end of the incident rod is connected to the cushion block, and the shaping sheet is connected to the outer surface of the cushion block; the shaping sheet is used for shaping the strain pulse generated after the incident rod is impacted so as to generate a semi-sinusoidal strain pulse.
4. The loading device of claim 1, wherein the material from which the bullet, the entrance rod, and the loading amplifier are made is the same.
5. The loading device of claim 4,
the inner diameter of the bullet is the same as that of the incident rod, and the outer diameter of the bullet is the same as that of the incident rod;
the cross-sectional area of the first end of the load amplifier is the same as the cross-sectional area of the second end.
6. The loading device of claim 5, wherein the cross-sectional area of each cross-section between the first end to the second end of the load amplifier is the same.
7. The loading device of claim 1, wherein the cartridge is tubular, and the outer circumferential surface of the cartridge is provided with a plurality of circular ring shaped sabot having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the air cannon.
8. A method of loading, comprising:
the following components are arranged from the near end to the far end in sequence: the device comprises an air cannon, an incident rod, a flange plate, a loading amplifier and a structural sample; wherein, a bullet is arranged in the air cannon;
the bullet is fired from the air cannon and impacts the proximal end of the entrance rod, creating a strain pulse within the entrance rod;
the strain pulse is transmitted into the structural sample through the entrance rod and the loading amplifier, so that the structural sample is loaded.
9. The loading method according to claim 8, wherein the incident rod, the amplifier, and the sample are coaxially disposed, and the incident rod, the amplifier, and the structural sample are freely movable only in an axial direction.
10. The loading method of claim 8, wherein the material of the bullet, the entrance rod, and the loading amplifier are made of the same material, and the cross-sectional areas of the bullet, the entrance rod, and the loading amplifier are equal.
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