CN112899513B - Foamed aluminum with open-close hole coexisting structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Foamed aluminum with open-close hole coexisting structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112899513B CN112899513B CN202010666066.XA CN202010666066A CN112899513B CN 112899513 B CN112899513 B CN 112899513B CN 202010666066 A CN202010666066 A CN 202010666066A CN 112899513 B CN112899513 B CN 112899513B
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/083—Foaming process in molten metal other than by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/085—Foaming process in molten metal other than by powder metallurgy with external pressure or pressure buildup to make porous metals
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/083—Foaming process in molten metal other than by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/086—Gas foaming process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
- C22C1/083—Foaming process in molten metal other than by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/087—Foaming process in molten metal other than by powder metallurgy after casting in solidified or solidifying metal to make porous metals
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses foamed aluminum with an open-close pore coexisting structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation technology of open-pore foamed aluminum is fused with the preparation technology of closed-pore foamed aluminum, and the related preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a proper amount of open-cell foamed aluminum pore-forming agent, placing the open-cell foamed aluminum pore-forming agent into a mold, and preheating the open-cell foamed aluminum pore-forming agent to be close to the temperature of aluminum liquid containing a foaming agent to be permeated; meanwhile, heating pure aluminum or aluminum alloy to be molten, adding a foaming agent, and uniformly stirring; then, under pressure, rapidly infiltrating aluminum liquid containing a foaming agent into gaps of the pore-forming agent; and after the permeation is finished, rapidly adjusting the pressure to normal pressure to enable the foaming agent to work to generate closed-cell bubbles, cooling, taking out the molded foamed aluminum material from the mold, and removing the pore-forming agent by using water or other aqueous solutions to obtain the foamed aluminum material with the open-close pore coexisting structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to foamed aluminum and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a preparation method of foamed aluminum with an open-cell structure and a closed-cell structure, belonging to the technical field of design and preparation of foamed metal.
Background
The foamed aluminum is a novel functional material, is a light metal material with countless bubbles or holes dispersed in an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix, has the general porosity of between 40 and 98 percent, not only has the general characteristics of a porous foamed material, but also keeps the characteristics (such as conductivity, plasticity, toughness, flame retardance and the like) of the metal material. Due to the unique structure of the foamed aluminum, the foamed aluminum has the characteristics of both structural materials and functional materials. As a structural material, it has the characteristics of light weight and high specific strength; as a functional material, the material has various physical properties of sound absorption, heat insulation, heat dissipation, flame retardance, shock absorption, damping, impact energy absorption, electromagnetic shielding and the like, so that the material can be used as a light structure and a shock absorption medium in the fields of aerospace, weaponry, automobiles and the like, and can also be used as a functional material in the aspects of sound insulation of highways, noise reduction of buildings, electromagnetic wave protection of electronic instruments and the like.
The foamed aluminum is successfully manufactured from the twenty century and the fortieth, has experienced the development process of nearly seventy years, and currently, countries such as the united states, japan, the uk, germany, canada and the like successively develop various methods for producing foamed aluminum, obtain various technical patents, are manufactured into materials such as pipes, strips and the like, and have been applied to various fields. The research on the foamed aluminum in China starts from the late stage of the eighties of the twentieth century, and at present, research institutions in Beijing, Shenyang, Chengdu, Guizhou, Dalian and the like do some research works and obtain a series of research results. The cellular morphology of the existing foamed aluminum is generally classified into open-cell foamed aluminum and closed-cell foamed aluminum, the open-cell foamed aluminum is also called as open-cell foamed aluminum, the internal pores of the open-cell foamed aluminum have connectivity, the internal pores of the closed-cell foamed aluminum are not communicated with each other, and the pores are independent from each other. At present, no report on the production and preparation of foamed aluminum with open-closed cell coexisting structure exists at home and abroad.
The existing preparation methods of the closed-cell foamed aluminum comprise a solid-gas eutectic solidification method, a powder metallurgy method, a melt foaming method and the like. The melt foaming method is the most mature preparation method of closed-cell foamed aluminum at present, is widely applied to actual production, and can be divided into two types according to specific processes: one is foaming agent foaming method, and the other is blowing foaming method, and the method can be used for producing foamed metal with large size. The solid-gas eutectic solidification method has more variable factors in the preparation process, and the development of the method is restricted by the safety problem and the complex process control. The foamed aluminum prepared by the powder metallurgy method has good quality, relatively stable performance and higher reproducibility, and can be used for preparing parts with complicated shapes and approximate finished sizes.
The existing preparation methods of open-cell foamed aluminum comprise a seepage casting method, an investment casting method, an electrolytic deposition method and the like. The infiltration casting method, also known as a grain-winding casting method, is a process in which removable grains are placed in a mold, and the grains are compacted by extrusion and shaking, and are subjected to a preheating treatment. Pouring the pre-smelted pure aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid into a mold with removable particles, applying a certain pressure to enable the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid to seep into gaps of the removable particles, and removing the removable particles after cooling to obtain the open-cell foamed aluminum; the difficulty of how to remove the heat-resistant model without damaging the foam phase structure is similar to the investment casting method and the seepage casting method, which increases the process difficulty and the cost; the electrolytic deposition method can prepare the foamed aluminum with high porosity, and the foamed aluminum has good pore connectivity, uniform distribution and large porosity, but has long working procedure, complex operation and limited application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a foamed aluminum product with coexisting open cells and closed cells, which can improve the porosity of foamed aluminum prepared by an infiltration casting method, and can widen the application of closed cell foamed aluminum in the fields of infiltration, gas permeation and the like because the pore diameter of the open cells can be adjusted by the size of a pore-forming agent.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following aspects:
an open-closed pore coexisting structure aluminum foam, which simultaneously comprises open pores and closed pores.
A preparation method of foamed aluminum with an open-close pore coexisting structure comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a pore-forming agent for preparing open pores, putting the pore-forming agent into a mold, compacting the pore-forming agent through extrusion and oscillation treatment, and then preheating;
(2) melting pure aluminum or aluminum alloy in a smelting furnace to obtain pure aluminum or aluminum alloy melt, adding a tackifier and uniformly stirring to enable bubbles to remain in the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy melt;
(3) adding a foaming agent subjected to preheating treatment into the tackified pure aluminum or aluminum alloy melt, and continuously stirring to ensure that the foaming agent is uniformly distributed;
(4) under pressure, infiltrating pure aluminum or aluminum alloy melt mixed with foaming agent into the preheated pore-forming agent gaps;
(5) after the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy melt mixed with the foaming agent is infiltrated, adjusting the pressure to be normal pressure, and continuously preserving the heat to ensure that the foaming agent works to generate closed-cell bubbles;
(6) after cooling, the foamed aluminum material containing the pore-forming agent and closed pores is taken out of the mold, and the pore-forming agent is removed with warm water or other aqueous solution to obtain foamed aluminum having an open-closed pore coexisting structure.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, the mold base for preparing the open-closed pore coexisting structure foamed aluminum is provided with air holes for exhausting gas in gaps between particles.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned preparation method, the pore-forming agent for preparing the open pores is sodium chloride particles, calcium carbonate particles, kaolin and bentonite mixed particles, urea particles, vermiculite, or the like.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, the preheating temperature in step (1) is 550-; the pressure in the step (4) is 5-80 MPa; the temperature of the warm water or other aqueous solution in the step (6) is 40-85 ℃.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, the aluminum alloy is cast aluminum alloy a359, forged alloys 1061, 3003, 6061, etc., or alloys of aluminum and other metals in different proportions.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, the tackifier is silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, calcium metal; the foaming agent is titanium hydride (TiH)2) Or zirconium hydride (ZrH)2）。
Preferably, in the above preparation method, the other aqueous solution for removing the pore-forming agent is an aqueous solution to which a dispersant is added, the dispersant is an inorganic dispersant or an organic dispersant, the inorganic dispersant includes silicates (e.g., water glass) and alkali metal phosphates (e.g., sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sodium pyrophosphate), and the organic dispersant includes triethylhexylphosphoric acid, sodium dodecylsulfate, methylpentanol, cellulose derivatives, polyacrylamide, guar gum, and fatty acid polyglycol ester.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy is melted in a melting furnace and is subjected to deslagging and refining.
The invention also relates to the foamed aluminum prepared by the preparation method.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method breaks through the limitation that the existing foamed aluminum only has two cellular forms of open cell and closed cell, obtains the third cellular form of the foamed aluminum, namely open-closed cell coexisting structure cellular, and can improve the porosity of the open-cell foamed aluminum prepared by the seepage casting method. The pore size of the open pore can be adjusted by the size of the pore-forming agent, so that the application of the porous material in the fields of seepage, gas permeation and the like can be effectively widened compared with closed-pore foamed aluminum. The scheme is also original invention on the key process, reduces the process complexity, and can realize the continuous production of the foamed aluminum with the open-close hole coexisting structure by controlling the viscosity, the seepage temperature, the seepage pressure and the like of the aluminum liquid in the preparation process. The method can realize the foam hole control of the open-close hole coexisting structure foamed aluminum by changing the size and the shape of the pore-forming agent, adding different types of foaming agents, different adding amounts, different granularities and different pretreatments, has realizability and better meets the requirement of practical application on product diversity.
Compared with the existing open-cell foamed aluminum and closed-cell foamed aluminum, the invention has the following specific characteristics:
(1) by selecting the type, size and shape of the pore-forming agent, the pore structure parameter characteristics of the open-closed pore coexistent structure foamed aluminum through-hole part can be controlled, so that the foamed aluminum has a penetration function while obtaining lighter weight;
(2) by selecting the type, granularity, adding amount and pretreatment mode of the foaming agent, the control of parameters such as gas amount and decomposition rate in the melt is realized, and the characteristics such as closed-cell structure parameters in the open-closed cell coexisting structure foamed aluminum are further controlled;
(3) the preparation process of the foamed aluminum with the open-close hole coexisting structure is effectively realized by controlling pressure conversion. Under the common condition, open-cell foamed aluminum needs to realize the seepage of aluminum liquid in a pore-forming agent under a pressurization condition, while closed-cell foamed aluminum needs to realize the formation, growth and shaping of cells under a normal pressure condition, which is contradictory in the realization of the process of open-cell and closed-cell coexisting structural foamed aluminum.
(4) The invention effectively solves the contradiction by controlling the pressure level and the pressure maintaining time, so that the aluminum liquid mixed with the foaming agent can continue to foam after permeating the pore-forming agent, and the invention is an important link for realizing the process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pore former placed in a mold;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mixture of a foaming agent and an aluminum liquid infiltrated under pressure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the foaming of the blowing agent after adjustment to atmospheric pressure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an aluminum foam containing a pore former and closed cells;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an open-closed pore coexisting structure aluminum foam obtained after removal of a pore-forming agent.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of foamed aluminum with an open-close pore coexisting structure comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a pore-forming agent for preparing open pores, putting the pore-forming agent into a mold, compacting the pore-forming agent by extrusion and oscillation treatment, and then preheating the pore-forming agent at the preheating temperature of 550-950 ℃, wherein the mold base is provided with air holes for removing gas in gaps of particles, and the pore-forming agent for preparing the open pores is selected from kaolin and expansive soil mixed particles, calcium chloride particles, calcium carbonate particles, urea particles and vermiculite according to the requirement of controlling the pore structure parameter characteristics of the open-close pore coexisting structure foamed aluminum through hole part;
(2) melting pure aluminum or aluminum alloy in a smelting furnace to obtain pure aluminum or aluminum alloy melt, adding a tackifier and uniformly stirring to enable bubbles to remain in the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy melt; the foaming agent is titanium hydride or zirconium hydride;
(3) adding a foaming agent subjected to preheating treatment into the tackified pure aluminum or aluminum alloy melt, and continuously stirring to ensure that the foaming agent is uniformly distributed;
(4) under the pressure, infiltrating pure aluminum or aluminum alloy melt mixed with a foaming agent into a preheated pore-forming agent gap, wherein the pressure range is 5-80 MPa;
(5) after the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy melt mixed with the foaming agent is infiltrated, adjusting the pressure to be normal pressure, continuously preserving the heat to enable the foaming agent to work to generate closed-cell bubbles, and controlling the pressure level and the pressure maintaining time to enable the aluminum liquid mixed with the foaming agent to continue to foam after the pore-forming agent is infiltrated; and
(6) after cooling, the foamed aluminum material containing the pore-forming agent and closed pores is taken out of the mold, and the pore-forming agent is removed with warm water or other aqueous solution to obtain foamed aluminum having an open-closed pore coexisting structure.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the warm water or other aqueous solution in step (6) has a temperature of 40-85 ℃.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy is cast aluminum alloy A359 or wrought alloy 1061, 3003, 6061, or an alloy of aluminum and other metals in different proportions.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the adhesion promoter is silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, calcium metal.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the other aqueous solution for removing the pore-forming agent is an aqueous solution to which a dispersant is added, the dispersant being an inorganic dispersant or an organic dispersant, the inorganic dispersant including silicates and alkali metal phosphates, wherein the silicates include water glass, and the alkali metal phosphates include: sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and sodium pyrophosphate; the organic dispersant comprises triethyl hexyl phosphoric acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate, methyl amyl alcohol, cellulose derivatives, polyacrylamide, Guel gum and fatty acid polyglycol ester.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pure aluminum or aluminum alloy is melted in a melting furnace by deslagging and refining.
7. A foamed aluminum of an open-closed pore coexisting structure, characterized in that: the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. An open-closed pore coexisting structure foamed aluminum produced by the production method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the structure of the foamed aluminum comprises open pores and closed pores.
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| CN115029575B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-03-17 | 河北大学 | In-situ preparation method of gradient porous composite material |
| CN116213724B (en) * | 2023-02-23 | 2023-12-22 | 廊坊市正永泡沫制品有限公司 | Forming process and equipment for foam aluminum plate with through holes |
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| US5632319A (en) * | 1995-10-04 | 1997-05-27 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Method for manufacturing environmentally conscious foamed aluminum materials |
| CN100439526C (en) * | 2007-07-09 | 2008-12-03 | 东南大学 | Foamed aluminium and aluminum alloy tackifying foaming preparation method |
| CN100563874C (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-12-02 | 东南大学 | Be used to prepare the method for bubble aluminum alloy special-shaped member with even pore structure |
| CN103352134A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-16 | 天长市京发铝业有限公司 | Melt-foaming preparation method of foamed aluminum material |
| CN104550867A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-29 | 青岛和德隆机械有限公司 | Melt infiltration casting technology of foam aluminum alloy |
| CN103898351B (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-01-13 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of high-efficiency and continuous castmethod of controlled architecture closed-cell foam aluminium ingot |
| CN106435283A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2017-02-22 | 中安顺兴（北京）安全技术有限公司 | Rare earth high-strength foam aluminum prepared through melt foaming method and preparation process of rare earth high-strength foam aluminum |
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