CN112899463A - Postweld low-temperature distribution method for improving toughness of low-phase-change deposited metal with dual-phase structure - Google Patents
Postweld low-temperature distribution method for improving toughness of low-phase-change deposited metal with dual-phase structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112899463A CN112899463A CN202110056571.7A CN202110056571A CN112899463A CN 112899463 A CN112899463 A CN 112899463A CN 202110056571 A CN202110056571 A CN 202110056571A CN 112899463 A CN112899463 A CN 112899463A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
The invention discloses a post-welding low-temperature distribution method for improving the obdurability of low-phase-change deposited metal with a dual-phase structure, which comprises the following steps of: adopting a welding process of carrying out gas metal arc welding or argon tungsten-arc welding on a biphase structure low-phase-change welding wire and a base metal, and forming a welded-state deposited metal after welding; the welded deposited metal structure is a martensite structure and a residual austenite structure, the content of the residual austenite is controlled between 6 percent and 30 percent, and the martensite +6 percent to 30 percent austenite deposited metal structure is formed; and heating the formed welded-state deposited metal structure at a heating speed of less than 30 ℃/min to 100-250 ℃, preserving heat for 15-120min, and cooling in air to 10-50 ℃ after the heat preservation is finished. The welded deposited metal is directly subjected to low-temperature distribution treatment, the yield strength and low-temperature toughness of the dual-phase structure low-phase-change deposited metal are obviously improved, and the dual-phase structure low-phase-change deposited metal obtains good toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding in material processing, and particularly relates to a post-welding low-temperature distribution method for improving the toughness of a low-phase-change deposited metal with a dual-phase structure.
Background
In the current industrial manufacturing process, welding has become one of the most widely used connecting techniques, and many important metal structures are formed by welding. The uneven temperature field in the welding process, local plastic deformation caused by the uneven temperature field, different specific heat capacity between welding materials and wood, thermal contraction in the deposited metal cooling process, a complex welding structure and the like can generate larger residual tensile stress at the welding toe of the welding joint, and the fatigue strength of the welding structure is seriously reduced. Fatigue failure is one of the most prominent failure modes of welded structures, and failure fatigue of welded structures is initiated by welded joints. In order to prolong the fatigue life of welded structures, it is often necessary to perform post-weld treatments such as post-weld stress relief, TIG welding, ultrasonic impact, hammering, and the like.
The Low Transformation Temperature (LTT) welding material is adopted for welding, so that the martensite Transformation Temperature generated in the welding seam metal cooling process is Low, the material is in an elastic plastic or elastic state at the moment, the martensite Transformation volume expansion can reduce the residual tensile stress caused by a welding thermal field, the larger the volume expansion is, the smaller the residual tensile stress is, even the residual compressive stress is generated, and the fatigue life of the welding structure is effectively prolonged. The welding rod with the patent number of CN1332058A and the patent name of improving the fatigue strength of the welding joint is disclosed in the welding rod with the patent number of CN1332058A, the martensite phase transition temperature range of 250 ℃, and the fatigue strength of the welding joint adopting the low phase transition (LTT) welding rod is improved by 10-40 percent compared with the fatigue strength of the welding joint of a common welding rod, thereby proving the advantage of the low phase transition welding material in the aspect of improving the fatigue strength of a welding structure and having wide application prospect.
However, in practical engineering applications, the requirements for the properties of welded structures are not only good fatigue life, but also good mechanical properties, such as good toughness and strength. However, the low transformation (LTT) deposited metals mentioned above, when cooled to room temperature after welding, result in a hardened martensitic structure, which has high hardness and low toughness. The room temperature impact absorption function (Akv/J) of the deposited metal of the common low-phase-change (LTT) welding material mentioned in the electrode with the patent number of CN1332058A and the patent name of improving the fatigue strength of the welding joint is between 22 and 27J, and the impact absorption function (Akv/J) of the deposited metal at the temperature of-20 ℃ is required to be more than 27 in engineering application, so that the impact toughness of most low-phase-change (LTT) deposited metals is lower than the standard requirement of the engineering application, the requirement of the engineering application on the comprehensive mechanical property of a welding structure can not be met, and the wide application of the low-phase-change welding material is severely restricted.
At present, it has been found that a low-phase-change deposited metal having a martensite-austenite dual-phase structure is effective in improving low-temperature impact toughness, but the yield strength of the low-phase-change deposited metal having a dual-phase structure is drastically reduced as the austenite content is increased.
Therefore, the improvement of the toughness of the dual-phase structure low-phase-change deposited metal is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in popularization and application of the low-phase-change welding material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the yield strength of the deposited metal of the dual-phase structure low-phase-change welding material is low, and good impact toughness is ensured.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a post-welding low-temperature distribution method for improving the toughness of a low-phase-change deposited metal with a dual-phase structure comprises the following steps:
s1, performing gas metal arc welding or argon tungsten-arc welding with a two-phase structure low-phase-change welding wire and a base metal, wherein after welding, the formed welded deposited metal comprises, by weight, 0.03-0.2% of C, 5-14% of Ni, 7-18% of Cr, 0.5-2.0% of Mn, 0.3-1.5% of Si, 0.1-3% of Mo, and the balance Fe; the welded deposited metal structure is a martensite structure and a residual austenite structure, the content of the residual austenite is controlled between 6 percent and 30 percent, and the martensite +6 percent to 30 percent austenite deposited metal structure is formed;
s2, heating the martensite and 6-30% austenite welded state deposited metal structure formed in the step S1 at a heating speed of less than 30 ℃/min to 100-250 ℃, preserving heat for 15-120min, and air-cooling to 10-50 ℃ after heat preservation.
Further, the temperature (. degree. C.) and the holding time (min) are 6000 to 24000.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the welded deposited metal is directly subjected to low-temperature distribution treatment, so that the yield strength and low-temperature toughness of the dual-phase structure low-phase-change deposited metal can be obviously improved, the good toughness can be obtained, and meanwhile, the effect of improving the fatigue life of the low-phase-change deposited metal cannot be weakened.
2. In the low-temperature distribution method after welding, the requirements on the heat preservation time and the heating temperature after welding are lower, the production period is shortened in practical industrial application, and the economy is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the weld joint residual stress distribution for as-welded and post-weld low temperature partitioning conditions of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a fatigue life S-N curve of a welded joint in an as-welded state and a post-weld low-temperature partitioning state in example 1;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
The invention relates to a post-welding low-temperature distribution method for improving the obdurability of a low-phase-change deposited metal with a dual-phase structure, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, selecting Q345B as a base material, wherein a test plate is 300mm long, 200mm wide and 20mm thick, the diameter of a welding wire of a dual-phase structure low-phase-change welding wire (the dual-phase structure low-phase-change welding wire is disclosed in the patent application number of 2018113612945 and the patent name of a high-toughness low-phase-change-point metal powder-cored welding wire) is 1.6mm, overlaying 7 layers by adopting a welding method of gas metal arc welding, directly cooling to room temperature after overlaying welding, and forming a welding state deposited metal structure, wherein the welding state deposited metal structure consists of 77% of martensite and 13% of austenite dual-phase structure;
s2, heating the welded deposited metal at the heating temperature of 20 ℃/min to 200 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, keeping the heat preservation temperature multiplied by the heat preservation time to 12000, and after the heat preservation is finished, cooling the welded deposited metal to room temperature to form the deposited metal subjected to post-welding low-temperature distribution treatment.
Wherein, the welding technological parameters of the gas metal arc welding are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 welding Process parameters
The chemical composition of the as-welded deposited metal is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 chemical composition of deposited metal (% by mass)
The carbon atom mean diffusion free path λ at 200 ℃ is calculated by the following formula:
λ＝(6tD)1/2 (1)；
wherein t is the holding time(s), D is the diffusion coefficient of carbon atoms in martensite, and D is 1.4 × 10-15m2/s；
The carbon atom mean diffusion free path λ was calculated to be 6 μm by the formula (1).
The deposited metal treated by the post-welding low-temperature distribution method has unchanged martensite and austenite phase contents and tissue appearance, still is 77% of martensite + 13% of austenite, does not change the tissue appearance of the post-welding deposited metal, and can not diffuse at 250 ℃ due to larger atoms of alloy elements such as Fe, Cr, Ni and Mo, in addition, the post-welding low-temperature distribution is between 100 ℃ and 250 ℃, so that the diffusion speed of carbon atoms can be ensured, the too long diffusion time caused by too slow diffusion speed of the carbon atoms can be avoided, the carbon atoms can be fully diffused and distributed from the martensite to the austenite, the carbon saturation in the martensite is reduced, the stability of the austenite is increased, and the toughness of the dual-phase structure low-phase-change deposited metal is improved; meanwhile, the heat preservation time after welding is controlled to be 15-120min by combining the factors of production cycle, economy, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like of practical industrial application.
According to GB/T228.1-2010 part 1 of room temperature test method standard of metal material tensile test, tensile property test is carried out on welded deposited metal and deposited metal subjected to low-temperature distribution treatment after welding, wherein a test sample adopts a tensile bar, the diameter of the test sample is 6.25mm, the gauge length is 25mm, and the test result of the tensile property is shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 tensile test results
As can be seen from Table 3, the yield strength of the deposited metal subjected to the low-temperature distribution treatment after welding is increased by 127%, the elongation is increased by 50%, and the tensile strength is not reduced.
According to GB/T229-:
TABLE 4 impact test results (-20 ℃ C.)
As can be seen from Table 4, the average impact energy of the deposited metal subjected to the low-temperature distribution treatment after welding is improved by 83%, and the impact energy of the deposited metal at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ is obviously improved.
Testing the welding residual stress by adopting an X-ray diffraction method; before the test, 10% NaCl aqueous solution is adopted to carry out electrolytic polishing treatment on the surface, the welded welding joint and the welding joint after low-temperature distribution treatment after welding are tested, the residual stress values at positions 1mm, 2mm, 5mm, 10mm and 15mm away from the weld toe are respectively tested, and a residual stress distribution curve (shown in figure 1) is drawn. As can be seen from fig. 1, the residual stress near the weld toe of the welded joint in the welded state and the post-weld low-temperature distribution state is still residual compressive stress, the residual compressive stress is vertical and has no change in distribution, and it can be obtained that the compressive stress generated by the low-phase-change welding material is not weakened by the post-weld low-temperature distribution treatment.
A300 kN high-frequency fatigue testing machine (GPS300) is adopted, and the stress ratio is 0.1 in an axial tensile loading mode. In the fatigue test, when the cycle number (N) reached 107 times without occurrence of fatigue fracture, the test was stopped. From the stress range (Δ σ) and cycle number (N) of the fatigue test data, an S-N curve was plotted with a logarithmic value of base 10 (as shown in fig. 2). As can be seen from FIG. 2, the fatigue lives of the welded joints in the welded state and the post-weld low-temperature distribution state under different stress ranges are basically the same, and the effect of improving the fatigue life of the low-phase-change welding material cannot be weakened by the post-weld low-temperature distribution treatment.
In summary, compared with the traditional post-welding heat treatment, the temperature of the post-welding heat treatment is usually more than 500 ℃, but the post-welding low-temperature distribution treatment method adopted by the invention can obviously improve the yield strength and the low-temperature toughness of the low-phase-change deposited metal with the dual-phase structure by controlling the temperature at 100-250 ℃, so that the low-phase-change deposited metal can obtain good toughness, the effect of improving the fatigue life of the low-phase-change deposited metal cannot be weakened, and meanwhile, the production period of industrial application is shortened by combining the factors of production period, economy, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like of practical industrial application, the economy is high, and the energy conservation and environmental protection are realized.
Example 2
The invention relates to a post-welding low-temperature distribution method for improving the obdurability of a low-phase-change deposited metal with a dual-phase structure, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, selecting Q345B as a base material, wherein a test plate is 300mm long, 200mm wide and 20mm thick, the diameter of a welding wire of a dual-phase structure low-phase-change welding wire (the dual-phase structure low-phase-change welding wire is disclosed in the patent application number of 2018113612945 and the patent name of a high-toughness low-phase-change-point metal powder-cored welding wire) is 1.6mm, overlaying 7 layers by adopting a welding method of gas metal arc welding, directly cooling to room temperature after overlaying welding, and forming a welding state deposited metal structure, wherein the welding state deposited metal structure consists of 77% of martensite and 13% of austenite dual-phase structure;
s2, heating the welded-state deposited metal at the heating temperature of 20 ℃/min to 200 ℃, preserving heat for 120min, keeping the heat preservation temperature multiplied by the heat preservation time equal to 2400, and after the heat preservation is finished, cooling the welded-state deposited metal to the room temperature in an air cooling mode to form the deposited metal subjected to low-temperature distribution treatment after welding.
Wherein: the carbon atom mean diffusion free path λ at 200 ℃ is calculated by the following formula:
λ＝(6tD)1/2 (1)；
wherein t is the holding time(s), D is the diffusion coefficient of carbon atoms in martensite, and D is 1.4 × 10-15m2/s；
The mean free path of diffusion λ of carbon atoms was calculated to be 77 μm by the formula (1).
According to GB/T228.1-2010 part 1 of room temperature test method standard of metal material tensile test, a tensile property test is carried out on welded deposited metal and deposited metal subjected to low-temperature distribution treatment after welding, wherein a tensile bar is adopted as a test sample, the diameter is 6.25mm, the gauge length is 25mm, and the test result of the tensile property is shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 tensile test results
As can be seen from Table 5, the yield strength of the deposited metal after the low-temperature distribution treatment after welding is improved by 128%, the elongation is improved by 42%, and the tensile strength is not reduced.
According to GB/T229-:
TABLE 6 impact test results (-20 ℃ C.)
As can be seen from Table 6, the average impact energy of the deposited metal subjected to the low-temperature distribution treatment after welding is improved by 40%, and the impact energy of the deposited metal at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ is obviously improved.
In conclusion, through the low-temperature distribution treatment after welding, the yield strength and the low-temperature toughness of the low-phase-change deposited metal with the dual-phase structure can be obviously improved, so that the low-phase-change deposited metal can obtain good toughness, and the effect of improving the fatigue life of the low-phase-change deposited metal cannot be weakened.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A postweld low-temperature distribution method for improving the toughness of a two-phase structure low-phase-change deposited metal is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, performing gas metal arc welding or argon tungsten-arc welding with a two-phase structure low-phase-change welding wire and a base metal, wherein after welding, the formed welded deposited metal comprises, by weight, 0.03-0.2% of C, 5-14% of Ni, 7-18% of Cr, 0.5-2.0% of Mn, 0.3-1.5% of Si, 0.1-3% of Mo, and the balance Fe; the welded deposited metal structure is a martensite structure and a residual austenite structure, the content of the residual austenite is controlled between 6 percent and 30 percent, and the martensite +6 percent to 30 percent austenite deposited metal structure is formed;
s2, heating the martensite and 6-30% austenite welded state deposited metal structure formed in the step S1 at a heating speed of less than 30 ℃/min to 100-250 ℃, preserving heat for 15-120min, and air-cooling to 10-50 ℃ after heat preservation.
2. The post-weld cryogenic dispensing method of claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the temperature (c) and the holding time (min) are 6000 to 24000.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113789432A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-14 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for improving local hardening of SA508-4 steel welded structure |
Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0967643A (en) * | 1995-06-21 | 1997-03-11 | Nippon Steel Corp | Welded joint excellent in fatigue strength and welding method therefor |
| CN107326160A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-07 | 山东建筑大学 | A kind of low-carbon C Mn Si systems steel C, Mn with TRIP effects integrate partition heat treatment method |
| CN111185691A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-05-22 | 天津大学 | High-toughness low-phase-change-point metal powder-cored welding wire |
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- 2021-01-15 CN CN202110056571.7A patent/CN112899463A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0967643A (en) * | 1995-06-21 | 1997-03-11 | Nippon Steel Corp | Welded joint excellent in fatigue strength and welding method therefor |
| CN107326160A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-07 | 山东建筑大学 | A kind of low-carbon C Mn Si systems steel C, Mn with TRIP effects integrate partition heat treatment method |
| CN111185691A (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-05-22 | 天津大学 | High-toughness low-phase-change-point metal powder-cored welding wire |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| SHIPIN WU等: "Mechanical properties of low-transformation-temperature weld metals after low-temperature postweld heat treatment", 《SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113789432A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-14 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for improving local hardening of SA508-4 steel welded structure |
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